What eats a pig for children. What pigs usually eat. In agriculture

Omnivore of pigs is a relative concept. It is worth remembering that a pig eats many products, but not all have a positive effect on the quality of the final fat and meat products, as well as on the health of the animal. We proceed to clarify the issue of what a pig eats and how to organize feeding.

Only healthy pigs examined by a veterinarian are allowed to fatten, and boars must be pre-castrated. A pig farm or subsidiary farm must necessarily consist of several separate pens, designed for 5-10 heads each, and a patio for walking.

Feeding pigs should be done strictly in time, at regular intervals.  Failure to comply with the regime leads to reduced weight gain or even underweight. The feeding regime in the first half of the feeding should include 4 approaches, with a subsequent increase to 5.

For better eating and preventing food spoilage, it is better to serve it in small portions (after dividing the entire mass into 2-3 parts). Each feeding approach should include eating the entire portion, without residue. At the end of feeding, it is recommended to transfer the pigs to a pen for walking. This will facilitate the task of maintaining cleanliness in the pigsty and at the same time contribute to the assimilation of feed.

To achieve a greater result when fattening, it is worth carefully monitoring the maintenance of dryness, cleanliness of the room. Ventilate the pigsty regularly. This will prevent a number of diseases, excessive animal anxiety. The diet of the pig per day should be varied. In each approach, give different types of food, depending on their digestibility and nutrition. For example, in the morning you can give porridge, at lunch - food prepared by the yeast method, and in the evening reception - compound feed (preferably in dry form). Read about self-production of compound feed.

Grain feed should be fine or medium grinding, but not large. Whole grains are not digested, therefore useless for pigs in terms of nutrition. The exception is cases of increased appetite, when pigs are given a small amount of salty grain. Pigs should be constantly monitored. Sick animals with poor appetite are separated into another pen for treatment.

After feeding, the remainder of the feed is given to other animals or thrown away. This primarily relates to feed diluted with water, they are not subject to storage. 2-3 times a month, it is necessary to disinfect the feeders, rinse them with hot water and an alkaline solution. Abundant whitewashing of feeders with lime is also allowed.

An important condition for fattening pigs is regular weighing and determination of fatness of pigs.

This is necessary to determine the average daily gain of pigs, with a further review of the diet (if necessary). The pigsty should have absolute peace, irritability and excitement of pigs adversely affect their weight gain.

Types of feeding

There are dry and wet feeds. Wet feeding involves the use of custard cereals, mash pots based on boiled potatoes with herbs or vegetables. The disadvantage of this type of feeding is the complexity of the cooking process and the short shelf life of the feed. , in turn, less economical, but convenient to use and is characterized by rapid growth of the pig. In addition, the risk of food poisoning is minimized. Combination of feeding types is allowed.

Feed classification

The composition of the feed is divided into three main groups:

1. The feeds of the first group are made on the basis of cereals (millet, peas), vegetables (carrots, beets, potatoes), herbs (nettle, clover for pigs) and dairy products. They positively affect the average daily gain of pigs and the taste of meat. It is recommended to significantly increase the number of products of this group in the pig's diet immediately before slaughter (for 2-3 months).
2. The second group of feeds is composed of bran, corn, buckwheat, which are rich in carbohydrates. However, their consumption should not exceed 50% of the total amount of feed.
3. Oats, bagasse and soybean feed for pigs of the third group. It is worth noting that pigs gain weight from the seeds, but the quality of the meat is deteriorating. Therefore, they are best used at an early stage of feeding, with a pig weighing up to 60 kg.

Product pretreatment

Some products require pre-treatment before feeding, then the digestibility time is significantly reduced.

Consider some of the nuances of preparing products. Cereals are not digested in their pure form, but require grinding or germination. One of the methods of germination is planting grains in a box, with their regular watering for a week. The box must be put in a warm and sunny place. When the seedlings reach 4-5 cm, the grain can be given to pigs as an additive.

As for the use of raw potatoes, this is highly undesirable.  There is solanine in the potato, a toxic substance that goes into the water when boiled. Therefore, cooking water is also not recommended. Carrots, fodder beets can previously be grated or boiled. Greens, alfalfa for pigs before use require special grinding. The quality of vegetation can affect pig digestion, so you need to carefully approach the selection of grass.

Technologies and systems for feeding pigs

The success of pig farming depends not only on the composition of the feed, and how much the pig eats, but also on the correct feed, technology or feeding system.

The main principles of feeding are unchanged:

• the cleanliness of the feeders and food used;
• feeders should provide a free and unhindered approach for the pig to feed;
• convenient equipment for feeding;
• ergonomic feeding system.

There are several feeding techniques:

1. Free, unlimited food provides for finding feed in the feeders constantly. As a rule, it is suitable for fattening young animals in the first months of active development.
2. Feed dosing. This type of feeding is suitable for sows and piglets 4-10 months old. First you need to find out how much a pig eats per day, and divide it into 3-4 feedings. A distinctive feature of this technique is the complete eating of food without residue.
3. Limited feeding. This mode is used when it is necessary to reduce the intake of nutrients in the pig's body, due to excessive obesity of the sow or the desire to get lean meat.

Fattening pigs for fat and meat requires compliance with the plan for feeding throughout the life of the pig. In this case, rapid growth can be guaranteed.

Milk period

The duration of the milky period is about 4 months. During this period, milk or a special substitute for whole milk for piglets is used. The piglet should receive only fresh milk (sour milk negatively affects digestion) in small, frequent doses. During this period, the main thing is also to ensure the absolute cleanliness of the feeders and utensils for making milk porridge.

Important during this period is the constant and free access of the piglet to chalk and charcoal. A combination of feed types is welcome. The supply of succulent feeds needs to be increased - this significantly affects the strengthening of the piglet's immunity and weight gain. The normal average weight of a pig is about 25 kg at the end of the milky period. In addition, the piglet must be completely transferred to dry and succulent feed. The amount of feed is recommended not to limit.

Growing

During this period, the skeleton and muscular basis of the piglet is formed. Therefore, it is necessary to approach him responsibly. The duration of the period is 4 months. A distinctive feature of this period is the need for vitamins and nutritious feed. The main emphasis is on fresh herbs, concentrate. You can add kitchen residues, dairy products (milk for pigs).

You can use a grain mixture for pigs. Expect that at least 100 kg of concentrates will be spent on the entire growing period. Pig weight gain is also positively affected by grazing. By the end of the 4 month period, the average weight of a pig is 60 kg.

Pig fattening

The feeding period is characterized by the absence of restrictions on the types of feed. The only condition is maintaining a balance of proteins, nutrients and minerals. Good growth results are achieved by the additional use of dietary supplements and trace elements. Pigs should always have excellent appetite. the average weight of a pig aged 10-12 months should reach 150-180 kg.

Feed additives

To get high growth, it is very important to provide the pig with all the necessary elements and vitamins. For this, various kinds of top dressing, feed mineral supplements, including acidifier for pigs, are included in the animal’s diet. The action of the acidifier is aimed at improving the nutritional properties of the feed, increasing the animal's productive ability, increasing the pig's immunity and resistance to infections.

As may be used fodder yeast. They help the proteins and proteins of cereal feed to be easier to digest. A third of the concentrated feed should undergo yeast. For example, for every 2 kg of grain mixture you need to mix 600 g with yeast. Yeast can be performed in several ways: unpaired or unpaired.

The coupled method involves the preparation of yeast. To do this, the yeast is poured with warm water (at the rate of 50-100 g per 5 l of water), where about 2 kg of concentrate is poured and mixed thoroughly. After 6 hours, another 15 liters of warm water and 8 kg of feed are added to the resulting dough. The liquid can be given to pigs after 3 hours. The unpaired method is the cultivation of yeast in water (in a proportion of 50-100 g per 15 liters of water), where ground grains are poured. The mass is infused for about 3 hours and is ready for use by pigs about 3 kg / day.

One of the most important nutritional supplements is soy for pigs.

High efficiency, superior amino acids and energy substances supplements increase the productivity of pigs.

Features of Vietnamese pigs

Vietnamese pigs are bred only in the meat direction. It is not worth worrying about. Differences in the structure of the digestive organs of pigs of this breed do not allow to digest a large amount of fiber contained in fodder beets, bran. The best feeding option is legumes (clover or alfalfa). They are easily and quickly digested, and nutritionally superior to beets several times.

As a grain feed, barley or rye is suitable. Corn, oats to give more than 10% of the total mass of feed is not recommended. They contribute to the formation of excess fat, which with bacon fattening is highly undesirable.

Feed and sugar beets are used to feed pigs of any age.

The consumption of concentrated feed in the diet of pigs during meat fattening can be significantly reduced if root crops, including a large amount of sugar beets, are used.
  Interestingly, according to numerous studies, pigs fed sugar beets (at a normal level of total and protein nutrition) during the entire period of feeding until the age of 7-8 months did not differ at all from those fed only with concentrates without sugar beets. Such parameters as average daily gain, slaughter weight, meat products yield and payment for feed were taken into account.
  The results of the experiments showed that it is advisable to use raw ground sugar beets, feeding it within 30% of the nutritional value of the diet. If more than 30% of sugar beet is introduced into the diet of fattening pigs, then it is given in a steamed form. After steaming, the beets are reduced in volume, but on the other hand they add sweetness to the other components of the feed, which significantly improves the palatability of the feed mix and eatability.

Often sugar beets are specially grown for livestock feed. For this purpose, part of the crop is silus fed with other feeds. This technology allows you to get juicy nutritious food throughout the year.
  In such a combined silo, sugar beets can make up 65-70%, green grass or bean hay - 15-10%, milk-ripened maize or carrots - 20%. Silos of this composition can be introduced into the diet up to 30% nutritional value. Half the daily rate of such a silo can be steamed with other feeds. This reduces the acidity of the product and provides better eatability.

Fodder beets in terms of dry matter are significantly inferior to sugar.  On average, it contains about 12% dry matter. The dry matter of the roots consists mainly of carbohydrates, among which sugar and pectin substances predominate. The fiber content barely reaches 1% of the weight of the roots. There is also little in fodder beets and protein - on average 1.2% of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus.

The dry matter of fodder beets is well digested by animals. So, pigs digest organic matter up to 87%, protein up to 70, and nitrogen-free extractives up to 90-95%.

Pigs eagerly eat feed beets. A small amount of beets is given to pigs in raw crushed form, large roots are best cooked or steamed. Boiled fodder beets, like sugar, must be fed carefully.

Beetroot tops are also used as feed for pigs. In terms of dry matter content, the tops of fodder beets are somewhat inferior to the tops of sugar beets. It contains 10-11% dry matter. The dry matter of the tops is rich in protein (up to 20-25%), soluble carbohydrates and is characterized by a small amount of fiber (10-20%). Digestibility of tops is high - 80-90%.

In the practice of pig farming, severe poisoning of pigs (table and feed grades) by steamed or boiled beets is often observed. Fresh beets, raw or steamed, fed immediately after cooling, do no harm. Beet poisoning is explained by the fact that denitrifying bacteria develop in steamed or boiled beets, which convert nitric acid salts (HNO3) contained in beets to very toxic salts of nitrous acid. Steamed or boiled beets become poisonous after 5-6 hours. Its toxicity gradually increases and reaches its maximum strength after 12 hours.

The toxic effect of nitrous acid salts (nitrites) is that they convert blood oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin, which leads to oxygen starvation of tissues and often to the death of the animal. With beet poisoning, pigs die for the most part very quickly, 20-30 minutes after feeding. In mild cases, poisoned pigs recover within 24 hours.

Clinical signs of poisoning: depression, salivation, vomiting or urging on it, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, bluish spot and ears. Sick animals lie on their sides, cannot rise, and shortness of breath and cramps are noted before death.

This poisoning is prevented by the fact that pigs need to give beets immediately after steaming and cooling it or in raw form. You can not leave steamed or boiled beets in water for several hours, and even more so for several days. It is completely unacceptable to feed animals with fermented or moldy beet tops. When using benign beet tops in food for binding oxalic acid and preventing digestive upsets, it is recommended to feed animals with chalk and roughage.

Sugar beets contain a lot of easily digestible carbohydrates (up to 20% sugar), which are necessary for normal activity of ruminant rumen microflora. Of particular importance is sugar beets when feeding animals with silage feed; it increases the use of organic acids and prevents acidosis.

It has been established that moderate feeding of beets in balanced diets ensures the normal use of all other feeds and helps to increase the productivity of animals.

Can pigs be given raw potatoes

In traditional feeding, potatoes are the main staple diet of pigs.

Potatoes are good feed for pigs. The composition of the potato depends on the variety and cultivation conditions. On average, it contains about 25% dry matter, of which 20% is starch; fiber and, especially, fat are very low; not enough potatoes contain ash and crude protein (1-2%), with more than half of the latter containing nitrogenous compounds of a non-protein nature. Tuberine is the main protein of potatoes, it has a high biological value. Potatoes contain very little carotene, a little vitamin B1 B2 and vitamin C. The total nutritional value of potatoes is 0.3 feed units and 12 g of digestible protein per 1 kg of feed. Potato nutrients are well digested by animals. So, for example, dry matter is digested by pigs by 97%.

Giving root vegetables to pigs in raw form is possible only as a vitamin supplement in small quantities. And yet, you should not use one potato, it is better to mix it with beets, rutabaga. And in large quantities, such products are given only in a cooked form.

Boiled or steamed potatoes are creased and fed warm but not hot. Boiled and steamed potatoes for piglets in only one cottage, as it quickly soups. It should also be borne in mind that potatoes contain the alkaloid solanine, the greatest amount of it occurs in young and sprouted tubers (in sprouts). A significant amount of solanine can cause severe poisoning of animals. Therefore, the sprouted potatoes should be steamed or boiled, and the water in which the potatoes were boiled should be drained, since a lot of solanine passes into it during cooking.

When fattening a pig, it should be borne in mind that different foods have different effects on meat quality. So pork will become friable and tasteless when the animals are given a lot of potatoes, bran, wheat, corn and buckwheat.

Of great importance for pig farming is the potato silage. This is the best way to preserve potato nutrients. Features of potato silage consist in the fact that it is silted for pigs in steamed, boiled or raw form. Steamed or boiled potatoes are silted both in pure form and in a mixture with fine harsh or hay legume flour. It is also good to add about 20% by weight of red carrots, pumpkins or beets to this mixture.

Silage potatoes with the addition of hay or legumes, melons, root crops and others are obtained of high quality, pigs willingly eat it.

Can pigs be given salt

Table salt must be added to the piglets feed.

It causes an animal’s appetite and improves feed intake, enhances metabolism. However, remember that a large dose of sodium chloride can cause poisoning.

• Suckling pigs from the 5-10th day of salt should be given 2 g, but gradually increase the rate by 60 days of age to 10 g.
• Pigs are fed 15-16 g of salt in 2–3 months, 18–20 g in 3-4, 4–20–20 g in 4–5, 25–27 g in 5–6, and 30–32 g in 6–7, in 7-8 35 g.
• Adult animals - up to 40-50 g per day per head.

In some cases, salt is enriched with a mixture of trace elements. Based on 10 kg of sodium chloride, 30 g of manganese sulfate, 10 g of copper sulfate, 7 g of zinc sulfate, 3 g of cobalt chloride and 0.25 g of potassium iodide are added. The mixture is thoroughly mixed with salt and stored in a dry place.

Is it possible to give pigs a pumpkin

Pumpkin, especially yellow varieties, is a valuable source of carotene and B vitamins.

The amount of it 1-2 kg per day provides animals with vitamins, improves appetite.

Feed the pumpkin in powdered form mixed with cereal feed. Feeding pigs and sows can be given pumpkin un chopped and without restrictions.

Can piglets be given mushrooms

Most mushrooms unsuitable for human consumption are well eaten by pigs (leftovers from food mushrooms, overgrown and worm mushrooms).

Mushrooms should be fed by fattening pigs after they are boiled in a mixture with other feeds. Mushrooms contain up to 10% of digestible protein and have a good effect on digestion.

Mushrooms are very useful for pigs because they contain a lot of protein, especially at the bottom of the cap of young tubular mushrooms. This part of the fungus contains the largest amount of protein.

Is it possible to give zucchini to piglets

Zucchini can be fed to pigs both green and ripe, but in most cases they are used in green.

They are removed 10 days after fruit setting. At this time, each fruit weighs from 0.5 to 1 kg. Fruits in green form are well made, tender, very readily eaten by pigs and are a valuable diet food. Overripe fruits are hard and eaten worse by piglets. The total nutritional value of zucchini is close to that of watermelons: 100 kg of zucchini contains 7 feed units and 0.6 kg of digestible protein.

Zucchini is also fed to piglets in a crushed form in a mixture with green grass and concentrated feed. Adult pigs eat an average of up to 15 kg of zucchini per day. Zucchini is very valuable in that they provide fresh, juicy food all the way from mid-summer to late autumn. Due to the fact that zucchini is fed green, they begin to use them earlier than other succulent feeds.

Is it possible to give piglets cabbage

Pigs love cabbage, but they need to be given a little.

Especially if they are not accustomed to this vegetable. You need to start with small doses - 300-500 g per day for pigs. Gradually bring the amount to 1-3 kg (depending on the weight of the pigs). If the pig is planned to be slaughtered, a month before this, you need to stop feeding with cabbage, otherwise the meat will have a sour taste. And pregnant women should not be given cabbage so that indigestion does not occur.

Is it possible to give pigs corn

For pigs, corn is a highly nutritious and valuable feed.

Corn is a high-yielding crop. It gives the highest yield of feed units and easily digestible carbohydrates per unit area. Corn stands out among cereals with a high content of carbohydrates, mainly starch (up to 70%) and a high percentage of fat (up to 8%); the average protein content is about 9-10%; it is poor in minerals, especially calcium, which contains only 0.04%.
  The protein of corn grain as a whole, compared with other cereals, is poorer in amino acids: arginine, lysine, tryptophan; The protein of maize embryos is of high value. Yellow corn varieties contain more carotene than white ones.

The digestibility of organic corn nutrients is high and reaches 90%. The proper use of such high-value feed for pigs as corn is of particular importance.
  In order to increase the biological usefulness of corn, it is fed to pigs along with other feeds: peas, oilcakes, green grass and hay from legumes, as well as animal feed.

When used rationally, corn is a good feed for all groups of pigs, especially for young animals with meat fattening.
  Scientific and industrial experience has shown that with meat fattening pigs can be introduced into the diet up to 70% of the nutritional value of corn, while adding various protein, vitamin and mineral feeds.
Pigs are fed corn in the form of grain dart, and they also use cobs in milk-wax ripeness, both fresh and silage. Silage from ears of corn to feed pigs in the amount of 35-40% of the diet for nutrition.

When feeding whole grains, a significant part of it comes out with undigested feces and is lost. Whole grains have a hard shell, consisting mainly of fiber, and are much worse impregnated with digestive juices. Digestibility is also influenced by the size of the milled grain particles. Small particles of food are quickly and well moistened with saliva, gastric and intestinal juices, well digested and absorbed by the body.
  Grinding corn is necessary at normal moisture content (12-15%). Due to the high fat content, the milled corn will quickly bite, so you should not make corn dermat stocks for more than 10 days.

Numerous experiments have found that when feeding dermat from pure corn grain (without rods) when feeding pigs, it ensured better eatability of feed included in the diet and higher average daily weight gain than when feeding turf from whole corn cobs (corn grind with rods) .

Consequently, the efficiency of feed use and the intensity of fattening pigs depend primarily on the amount of fiber in the diets, with all other conditions being equal. This explains the decrease in weight gain in pigs that received tear from corn grain along with rods, which increased the fiber content in the diet.

Can pigs be given carrots

Red carrots are high in carotene.

Therefore, in conditions when a lot of sugar beets, peas and corn feed are included in the diets of pigs, the harvesting of red carrots in each farm is of particular importance. It contains 13.5-15.5% of highly nutritious substances, including: nitrogenous 1.05-1.90%, soluble sugars 5.98-6%, fiber 1.1-2% and fly ash 0.6- 1.0%

The best varieties of red carrots contain up to 250 mg of carotene in 1 kg of feed of natural moisture, but the yellow and white varieties do not have high carotene value. Carrots also contain B vitamins: thiamine 0.6 mg, riboflavin 0.3 mg, niacin 7 mg, pantothenic acid 2 mg, choline 50 mg.

Raw pigs are fed to pigs. Carrots are especially valuable for young animals, pregnant and lactating sows and boars. For better eating of carrots, sucking piglets grind it to a porridge.

During winter storage of carrots, the amount of carotene in it is almost halved. Therefore, storage of carrots must be given great attention.

One of the most affordable storage methods for carrots is silage in combination with other succulent feeds (combined silos). Carrots in the silos are readily eaten by animals. In addition, carotene is retained during silage in carrots.

Thus, fresh carrots, silage from it, and dry carrot flour are a valuable vitamin feed for ensuring the carotene usefulness of winter pig diets.

For example, piglets in the milky period (from about two weeks of age) should be fed red carrots, rubbing it about 15 grams per day.

During the period of growing piglets (occurs until the weight of the pig is about 60 kg), nettle, young herbs and other herbs that are very rich in juice can be added to the diet. Feeding Options:

1. Up to 20 kg a piglet per day must be given concentrates - 0.8 kg, grass - 2.5 kg, boiled potatoes - up to 1.5 kg carrots - up to 1 kg.
2. From 20 kg to 30 kg - concentrates - 1 kg, grass - 3 kg, potatoes - up to 1.5 kg, carrots - up to 2 kg.
3. From 30 kg to 40 kg - concentrates - 1 kg, grass - 5 kg, potatoes - up to 2 kg, carrots - up to 3 kg.
4. From 40 kg to 50 kg - concentrates - 1.3 kg, grass - 7 kg, potatoes - up to 2.5 kg, carrots - up to 3 kg.
5. From 50 kg to 60 kg - concentrates - 1.5 kg, grass - 8 kg, potatoes - up to 2.5 kg, carrots - up to 3.5 kg.

Is it possible to give apples to pigs

The fruits of apples for pigs are a source of vitamins, minerals and organic substances, which play an important physiological role in the metabolism of piglets.

Piglets should receive vitamins and not only as part of premixes and supplements. It can be ordinary vegetables and fruits, as well as bio-food based on them.

It should be noted that the calorie content of apples is small, in the range of 40-60 calories per 100 g of edible portion. It is 2 times less than in potatoes and 5 times less than in grain. However, the taste advantages far prevail over their calorie content, contributing to better absorption of feed and improve metabolism of piglets.

Apples contain 6.4–11.8% fructose, 2.5–5.5% glucose, and 1.5–5.3% sucrose. Fruit sugar is easily absorbed by the body and is an excellent nutrient.

Only when feeding ruminants to apples, it must be remembered that their greedy eating can lead to blockage of the esophagus. When eating a large number of apples (25-30 kg with a lack of dry matter in the diet), an upset gastrointestinal tract may occur.

Is it possible to give peas to pigs

Peas in the diet of pigs significantly increase the palatability of pork and lard. It belongs to protein feed and contains all the necessary amino acids, such as methionine, cysteine, lysine and others.

Very often in pig farms in the diet of pigs use peas, it contains a fairly high amount of protein. Compared with cereal plants, peas contain 2-3 times more vegetable protein. In addition, it contains a rather high amount of starch and sugar, as well as quite a lot of vitamins and essential amino acids.

Peas are easily digested by pigs, and significantly increasing the palatability of pork and lard. Peas are given to pigs only after preliminary processing. It is steamed, soaked or boiled, because pre-processing not only improves its taste, but also affects digestibility.

It is worth noting that giving pigs a large amount of peas is not recommended, their diet should include no more than 10% of peas from the entire diet, since an excessive amount can lead to an excess of starch.

In the diet of pigs must be present peas, because it contains all the necessary amino acids, such as methionine, cysteine \u200b\u200band others. It is very important to follow all the rules of a rational and balanced diet, the only way to achieve high productivity when raising pigs, and of course to increase profits from the economy.

Can barley be given to pigs

Of cereal feed, barley, corn and oats are most often used; barley is the best. In 1 kg of which contains 1.2 feed units, 90 g of protein.

Can pigs be given oats?

Oats are slightly inferior to barley in their nutritional value. Oats are usually fed to sucking queens of suckers, young animals.

Fattening pigs should be given in limited quantities: it affects the quality of pork.

Is it possible to give meal and meal to pigs

They should be used as an additive to potatoes, beets and corn in an amount of 10-15%. One month before slaughter, the meal and meal are excluded from the diet of the pig.

Oilcakes and meal are industrial waste in the production of oil. The farms usually use soybean, linseed and sunflower oilcake and meal, steaming them before feeding. They must be steamed for at least 4 hours. Immediately before feeding, the remaining water must be drained.

A month before slaughter, meal and meal are excluded from the diet. Such feeds degrade pork quality.

Is it possible to give beet pulp to pigs

The consumption of large amounts of pulp can lead to caprostasis (constipation) and although animals will continue to gain weight, this growth will not be the growth of muscle tissue.

Fresh pulp  contains 94% water, and therefore rarely used as feed for pigs.

Usually the pulp is first fermented - silo, and in this form it is a good feed for dairy cattle and fattened oxen. Pulp can be fed to single and pregnant uterus, as well as fatteners. His daily dachas in the diet of fattening pigs should not exceed 4-6 kg per day per head. Youngsters under the age of four months are not recommended to feed fresh beet pulp.

Dried pulp  in its nutritional value is not inferior to wheat bran and even surpasses them. At first, pigs are very reluctant to eat dry pulp, and then they gradually get used to it, eat it more willingly and use it well.

Dry pulp can be given to pigs, depending on age, from 0.5 to 1.5 kg per day per head.

It must be taken into account that pulp has a great ability to absorb water and swells greatly. When fed dry, it is often the cause of a disturbance in the normal course of digestion, causes colic, etc.

Therefore, it is necessary to dry the pulp 4 to 6 hours before feeding the pigs soak in triple, quadruple amount of water. Soaked swollen pulp should then be mixed until a thick porridge with concentrated feed and fed to pigs in this form. For better eatability pulp should be wetted in water with molasses. Since pulp is very poor in protein substances and mineral salts, it must be fed along with protein feed and hay of legumes.

Beet pulp, unfortunately, is underestimated by feeding specialists. It contains functional fiber, necessary to maintain the health of the gastrointestinal tract of the pig and create optimal microflora in it. Due to its high absorbent properties, beet pulp can be used in diets that contribute to the occurrence of secretory (non-pathogenic) diarrhea, instead of bentonite or purified absorbent fibers.

Please note that the consumption of a large amount of pulp can lead to caprostasis (constipation) and although the animals will continue to gain weight, this growth will not be the growth of muscle tissue.

Are you going to breed pigs on the farm, but you don’t really know how to feed them? So what and how much do domestic pigs eat, and what is the best way to organize our own production of lard and meat products? Is it possible to harm animals during rearing and fattening if dry concentrates are given to them? We will try to answer all these questions in this article.

Features of growing and feeding pigs

The quality of fat and meat is directly dependent on the nutrition of the pig. If you start on the farm just one pig for your own needs - it’s suitable the most varied diet. It is permissible to feed pigs with ordinary potatoes and peelings, as well as with grain crops.

The main thing is food should not be drybecause it is poorly digested in the stomachs of pigs. Therefore, you need to focus on wet food.

Another thing is when there are many pigs raised for the sale of lard and meat and their growth rate will affect profit. In this case, the diet should be well thought out. To get high-quality meat and lard, pigs must be properly fed.

Feed classification

Mumps are omnivores, with little or no disdain. But for a substantial increase in live weight, certain rules and conditions for their fattening must be observed.

Any feed has its specific composition  and each in its own way affects the quality characteristics of the resulting fat and meat. A total of 3 groups of feed.

First group. Concentrated feed, which affect the quality characteristics of the resulting product. Various cereals: barley and peas, millet.

Vegetable plants:

• pumpkin and potatoes;
• root crops and melons;
• sugar beets.

Green mass:

• Grass meadow and from the garden.
• Hay from legumes, clover, alfalfa.
• Meat waste and dairy products.

Concentrated feed is made from grain, meat and dairy waste and green mass.

Second group. Particularly does not affect product quality. Using these products, a daily pig fattening diet is compiled. The amount of feed of group 2 should fluctuate within 50% of the total diet.

This group includes:

1. Corn.
2. Buckwheat.
3. Wheat and rye bran.

Third group. May adversely affect product quality. It is only possible to feed animals with these products at a young age. These include:

• cake;
• oats;
• soy.

If you still use the food of this group in your pig diet, give it up at least a few months before slaughter. Now we will understand the norms and proportions for various age-related pig groups.

Dry feed

These feeds are used if you want to save. Experts recommend forming the composition of dry feed from the following components:

To enhance the beneficial properties of dry feed, they add a special complex of nutrients and food additives. The disadvantage of this type of feeding is its uniformity when growing, and this slows down the development.

The advantage - dry food will not practically cause fermentation in pork stomachs. And if you make it nutritious, then your animals will gain weight quite quickly. Dry feeds are also convenient because save time on its preparation.

Bio-feed

For proper nutrition of pigs, a certain amount of natural vitamins is necessary. It is biofood that performs this function, saturating the pig body with the necessary elements. A sufficient amount of natural vitamins is found in the following products:

1. Fruits and vegetables.
2. Cleaning up.
3. Tops of garden root crops.

The advantage of such feeds is their availability. You can also let your animals out to nearby meadows, where they themselves will find the required amount of the necessary vitamins. And in winter, various companies that sell balanced bio-feed will come to the rescue.

Feed additives

These supplements are not considered complete foods, however, a pork diet without them will not be completely complete. Thanks to them, piglets and pigs will increase live weight in a very short time. And feed additives have a good effect on the quality of meat and fat obtained.

Dairy and meat additives. Dairy and meat additives (waste), which help pigs gain weight quickly, are considered very nutritious and useful.

Mineral supplements. Minerals are another category of feed additives. In nature, they are found in the following food and organic products:

• Salt.
• Flour.
• Chalk and coal.
• Eggshell.

Minerals improve not only the quality characteristics of livestock products, but also rid pigs and piglets of many diseases. Be sure to adhere to scientifically verified norms of feed additives, otherwise you can easily overfeed the animal.

You can find the necessary information on the verified norms of additives for mature pigs and piglets during cultivation and fattening from table No. 1.

Feeding piglets at home

How to feed piglets. Having the right feed is only half the battle. It is necessary to determine the individual norm and composition of the pork diet. So what to feed the little piglets?

Piglets that have just been born suck exclusively mother's milk. But in almost a week the cubs stop eating up. Especially if the sow does not produce enough milk for a large offspring.

1. Wheat.
2. Barley.
3. Corn.
4. Peas.
5. Bone flour.
6. Yogurt.

For better assimilation of their crops must fry. Charcoal, potassium, calcium, sodium, iron - these are the main components that are necessary for kids to strengthen immunity and health.

Norms for growing piglets

On the eleventh day after birth, piglets need to be introduced into the diet: grated carrots; boiled potatoes; hay.

All these additional top dressings allow piglets gain weight quickly  and not get sick.

For ease of reference, a special table No. 2 is given on this issue, where daily diets of feeding for piglets of suckers are indicated (indicators in grams).

Adult food for monthly pigs

Monthly piglets, excommunicated from the uterus, are transferred almost immediately to self-feeding. The main thing is combine food correctly  during the transition of piglets in the phase of rapid gain in live weight. The table No. 3 allows you to calculate the daily rate, which ensures the correct feeding of piglets of different ages.

Pig feeding ration

How much feed does a pig need for fattening? Paradoxically, it is more difficult to choose a diet for adult pigs than for piglets.

Boars-producers to maintain their "male strength" appropriate food is needed, which will maintain their tone at the proper level. To do this, all heavy feeds that contribute to weight gain should be completely excluded from their diet. Otherwise, the digestion of this heavy food will take away the necessary energy, which should be directed in a different direction. For this, easily digestible food is selected to the boars.

Sows ration. Sows are fed according to their age, as well as the position in which they are - pregnant or single, for how long, etc. For such sows, a nutritious feed containing minerals and vitamins with hay and potato additives is needed.

Winter and summer diets of pigs are fundamentally different. In the summer season they are more often released on free meadows, where there is lush grass and rich pasture for pigs. The ration of this period is based on fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as vitamin root vegetables and fresh cleanings. Hay in the summer is almost unnecessary, for having the best.

In winter, the situation naturally changes, and in the foreground - dry food. It is flavored with nutritious feed additives. If the piglet is young and eats for growth - this is not scary. But an adult needs a measure, the main thing is not to overfeed.

The mumps themselves are very voracious and unable to control their "diet." And in order to correctly calculate the daily norm of feeding pigs, study table No. 4, which will tell you your favorite pig dish, and which is especially useful for her.

Feed pumpkin

Pumpkin pigs love to eat. And this is not surprising, because it contains 100 kg:

• feed units - 13 kg .;
• protein - 0.7 kg .;
• ascorbic acid and carotene - 40 and 55 mg, respectively;
• vitamin B is also present.

In addition, pumpkin helps pigs absorb coarse concentrates and feed, while increasing live weight productivity  an average of 55% per day. Therefore, pigs are often fed pumpkin for quick weight gain.

Fish and its waste

It is an excellent protein supplement to various plant foods. What can be used: small fish; head, fins, entrails; minced fish.

Salted fish that goes to feed, first you need to boil for 10 minutes and give a day no more than 2 kilograms per snout. And 2-3 months before slaughter, it is better to exclude it from the diet so as not to spoil the taste of flavored pork meat.

Is it possible to feed one bread

Experts see nothing wrong with this, but do not recommend limiting themselves to bread alone. It is advisable to mix it with vegetables or bran.

Feed only fresh bread  and don’t try to give a moldy product - mold is poisonous. But to feed pigs only with bread quickly does not work.

Flaxseed supplements

Giving flax to animals in its pure form is strongly discouraged. In small amounts, flax strengthens the stomachs of piglets and pigs if they have diarrhea. But in large doses, it negatively affects the quality of meat and fat, which begin to smell like fish and acquire a yellowish tint, respectively. And flax cake, and even in a considerable quantity, on the contrary, consider very useful product. And it is widely used for fattening pigs. It contains the following components:

• 28% protein;
• 11% moisture;
• 9% fat;
• extractive substances.

The last component has dietary properties. Flaxseed cake, swelling, in the water secretes mucus, which protects the stomach walls of animals from irritating factors.

The regime and norms of feeding pigs

Proper diet and feeding rates respectively affect the positive characteristics of the weight and height of the fed animals. Observing the correct technology for feeding your animals, you will achieve the desired result. For a more detailed acquaintance with this process, read the necessary information, which is given in table No. 5.

Types of Feeding Modes

In addition to the “temporary” regime, there is also a “restrictive” one. How to feed animals:

Build meat and improve skin quality, will help vitamin supplementwhich will quickly gain live weight. This product, subject to proper fattening, allows animals to gain an extra hundred kilograms already in the first year of life.

Pig Yeast

A number of useful properties of this additive for feed yeast can be noted:

This yeast goes well with bran and cereal:

• barley;
• corn;
• oats.

The easiest way to yeast feed for pigs is to dilute the feed yeast in warm water (the right amount) and add to pork food.

Using the above feeding methods and tables, you can easily make the right diet  for their pet grunting pets. Just do not forget to monitor the amount of necessary nutrients, vitamins and minerals that will meet not only the standards, but also the tastes of your pets.

Attention, only TODAY!

Maybe you should refuse?

Many people often wonder: “Why do Muslims not eat pork, but at the same time eat, for example, chicken or beef?". And why in general Islam calls pigs "Dirty animals"?

Someone explains this law "Backwardness"  a young religion, but in reality the ban on pork has rational  causes.

Here are 11 facts proving that there is pork - this is terrible. For yourself.

1. Pigs eat everything in a row - including their own feces.

The use of feces by these animals means that the diseases inside the pig herd are transmitted much faster than among any other animal. " community". Many explain this, by the way, the fact that pigs suffer from cancerous tumors much more often than all other animals.

In addition, do not forget that the feces quickly " settle»Various insects and bacteria that carry deadly diseases.

And pigs can drink their own urine!

2. Pig meat absorbs toxins faster than other animals.

These toxins make pig meat very dangerous. Especially - in hot countries, where any infection is transferred much faster than in the northern latitudes.

3. Pigs do not sweat.

And this means that their sweat, containing, among other things, dangerous toxins, remains inside their body. And merges with meat. This is also one of the possible reasons why these animals suffer from cancer so often.

4. The pigs themselves - do not care about that!

The poison that is found in pork and can kill you does not affect the health of the pigs themselves (except for cancer). The fact is that these animals are very tenacious. Evolution has made them so strong that, for example, they easily withstand the dose of strychnine (this is such a popular poison) that a person dies instantly.

5. Pigs are used as snake guards.

In southern countries, farmers often breed these animals not to eat them later, but to protect other inhabitants of the farm from snakes.

Snakes never attack pigs. Because snake venom is a small threat to them.

6. When a pig dies, its meat is very much in demand.

Bacteria, insects and larvae eat dead pig meat much faster than the carcass of any other dead animal.

7. Their meat is really " dirty«.

Why are you, a lover of pork, still not dead from it? Human immunity is a much more powerful thing than people think. But remember: with age, his abilities and opportunities are reduced.

8. Pork meat is 4 times fatter than beef.

Pork is a very, very fatty meat. The habit of consuming excessive amounts of fat sooner or later leads to heart disease. This is at least.

9. Pork is processed longer than 4 hours.

Any other meat “slips” through the stomach much faster.

10. Pigs can tolerate about 30 deadly diseases for humans.

At the same time, they themselves will not feel sick. Just carriers.

11. It has long been known that pork provokes many chronic diseases.

Among them: rheumatism, arthritis, typhoid fever, gastritis, ulcers and meningitis.

Well, is there still a desire to buy pork? Isn't it better to switch to beef or poultry? Tell us what you think in the comments!

  Margarita Arapova
  Synopsis of OOD “Acquaintance with a pig”

Lesson number 9 « Getting to know a pig»

goal: familiarization  children with pets

Tasks:

- introduce children to a pig;

Consolidate the concept of pets;

Raise a love for animals.

Equipment: picture with image pigs, colour pencils.

Time spending: 15-20 minutes

Class progress

1. Organizational moment:

Reading a fairy tale G. H. Andersen « Piggy bank»

2. The main part.

a) The teacher invites children to consider the picture pigs, activate the dictionary (U pigs have a head pigs "Patch".

b) Educator: I will tell you about the pig. At pigs have a head, torso, tail, four legs. On the head there is a muzzle, two ears, two eyes and a mouth. Muzzle u pigs  elongated with short proboscis and flat "Patch". The proboscis can move and a pig can dig them groundto find the roots of plants, worms and other food, so the face of the animal is also called the snout. Look at what pig tail? It is crocheted. You know such a riddle “Crochet tail, heel nose?”

The body is covered with bristles. It is white, hard and not very thick, therefore pink pigs.

Piglets are very fond of lying in the mud or puddle. Where live pigs? In the forest or with a man? Right, pig  - this is a pet. Lives in pigsty. Man caring for pigs, feeds them, cleans them in their home. Eat pigs vegetables, fruits, millet, bran.

c) Questions for children:

Where does he live pig? what eats pig? who cares for her?

who can talk about the pig(2-3 people)

d) practical activity-coloring pictures pigs.

3. The final part.

Questions to children: what animal are we with met? Where does this animal live? Etc.

Children and the teacher consider what animals turned out in children. Children describe them.

Answered well (mark active children).

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