Govitka flaccida (Paralepista Flaccida). Honor: Description of Edible and Inedible Mushrooms Useful and Negative Qualities

• Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subsidation: agaricomycotina (agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (agaricomycete)
• Order: Agaricales (agricultural or lamellar)
• Family: Tricholomataceae (tricholome or robbed)
• Rod: Paralepista (Paralepist)
• View: Paralepista Flaccida (Govitka Overting)

Other mushroom names:

Synonyms:

• Govari
• Clitocybe Flaccida.
• Omphalia Flaccida.
• Lepista Flaccida.
• Clitocybe Infundibuliformis Sensu Auct.
• CLITOCYBE INVERSA.
• Omphalia Inversa.
• Lepista Inversa.
• CLITOCYBE GILVA VAR. Guttatomarmorata.
• CLITOCYBE GILVA VAR. Tianschanica.

Description

Hat diameter 3-11 cm (sometimes up to 14 cm); Initially, convexed with faded edges, with age, it grips to flat or even acquires the shape of a shallow funnel or bowl; its surface is dry, almost smooth, matte, orange-brown or brick shade; Gigrofanna (when drying pale). The edge of the cap is often wavy, with pronounced recesses such as the spout of a jug, which distinguishes this view from the Voronell-like (CLITOCYBE GIBBA). There is evidence that sometimes govariuschy turned out, which appear already very late in the fall, the hat remains convex, without forming the usual depression in the center.

Plates Downward, narrow, rather frequent, first almost white, later pinkish-beige or pale orange, become dark orange or pink-brown.

Leg 3-10 cm high and up to 1.5 cm with a diameter, more or less cylindrical, dry, thinned; Painted in the tone of the Hats, only a little lighter; With the downsion of whitish mycelium at the base.

Flesh Thin (in a hat), whitish, with a sweetly smell, which is sometimes compared with the smell of frozen orange juice or bergamot, without a pronounced taste.

Crossprint From whitish to cream.
Spore 4-5 x 3.5-4 μm, from practically spherical to widescreen-elliptic, fine-rigged, non-formid. Custides are absent. Gifs with buckles.

Chemical reactions
Kon stains the surface of a hat in a yellow color.

Ecology and distribution

Saprofit, grows scattered or close groups on the coniferous litter, often at the foot of the anthills, sometimes on wet sawdust and chips. It is more common in coniferous and mixed forests, sometimes grows on a humus-rich soils, where it forms spectacular. Common view of the northern hemisphere, commonly in North America, mainland Europe and the UK. The period of active growth - autumn, up to the onset of cold weather, however, in some places it can shift for the winter (for example, California coast), or continue - in a soft climate - until January (for example, in the UK and Ireland).

What can be confused with the talker

CLITOCYBE GIBBA is characterized in the same biotopes (CLITOCYBE GIBBA) is characterized by more pale color, lack of wavy edge and significantly larger, elongated white disputes. In addition, she has a much thicker pulp in a hat.
Paralepista Gilva) has a lighter, creamy-yellow or brownish-yellow shade, and rounded watery spots are visible on the hat (in youth) or dark rust-brown specks (in more mature instances).
Significantly larger Lepista Multiformis occurs on open herbaceous places (meadows, roadside, parks and lawn), marked in Europe (the look is rare enough).

Edibility

According to one source, the govaruska is not a poisonous, but its food qualities leave much to be desired, and there is no point in collecting it.
According to other - poisonous (contains muscarin-like toxins).

Video about mushroom govaruska wasted:

Edible mushrooms are often easy to confuse with very similar inconsiderable or even poisonous (sometimes mortally) mushrooms, so you need to learn to recognize them. This is especially true in terms of happiness - the family of these fungi has about 250 species, of which some are very poisonous.

Govaruska (CLITOCYBE) - the genus of mushrooms from the family of ordinary (Tricholomataceae). Saprotrofs living in the soil. Hats in mushrooms of this type of very different size, mostly funnel-shaped, dry. Legs without ring, cylindrical. Plates are bright, bothering on the leg, clearly converging. Spore powder white, sometimes with a cream tint. Spores elliptical, smooth. Some species contain poisonous substances acting on the nervous system.

Mushrooms are found everywhere in the moderate zone of the northern hemisphere - Europe, North America. In Russia in Siberia and Primorye. Growing in the forests, on pastures, on the side of the roads. The fruit body is formed in summer and autumn.

Hovwashka - the genus of mushrooms from the family of ordinary

Description of the taste and nutritional value of govari

Govorukhi belong to the mushrooms of the fourth category, so we do not have to talk about their outstanding culinary features. As a rule, even edible representatives of the species are proud. Smell like flour, sometimes dust. Actually the mushrooms of this species are difficult to attribute to valuable.

However, they have one important feature. Some species contain a biologically active compound, called clutzin, which has antibacterial activity in relation to a number of bacteria, pathogenic for humans, such as Echinacerus bacillus and a hay stick. A number of studies showed antibiotic activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, typhoid typhoid (Salmonella Typhi), and cow brucellosis (Bruce ABORTUS). Clutocin allegedly stimulates apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells. Also in govascus contain phenols and flavonoids that have antioxidant activity.

Gallery: Honor Mushrooms (25 photos)

Where to collect govari (video)

How to distinguish govari mushrooms from false species

Among the growing mushrooms in the world many species suitable for eating. In practice, however, only very few species are collected, such that they know that they are delicious and safe. Many edible mushrooms, but not practical value, as they are either tasteless, or very small or found very rarely.

Govarushki is dangerous in large similarity among themselves. To distinguish a poisonous mushroom from edible easier in the forest than at home, so you should be especially attentive precisely, collecting mushrooms . The leg of the edible mushroom, in contrast to the poisonous on the cut, selects the Milky liquid.

In the govascus contain phenols and flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity

Edible govorushki

Despite the fact that the majority of govarus do not represent interest or simply dangerous, these mushrooms have fans. Usually collect the following mushrooms.

Giant gigantic

A large mushroom with a hat to 40 cm in diameter with a thickness of 1 to 1.2 cm on a half of the radius. Young individuals look like bulging caps, but with the age of a hat align the hat and eventually becomes a shallow funnel-shaped. The surface is smooth, white with a cream tint, but with age can be covered with brown stains and circular cracks. The creamy color plate is narrow densely located, falling along the entire length of the leg, with age darken to dark skin color. The leg of milk-white with reddish-brown fibers, has dimensions up to 4.5-6 cm high and from 1.5 to 3 cm thick, without a ring on the leg. At the bottom of the leg usually thick white. The flesh is solid and white. Spore powder - white.

Mushroom edible. Grows from summer to late autumn. Mature fragile mushrooms and it is difficult to collect without destroying.

Giant gigantic

Govitka gray

Hat - a diameter of 5-25 cm, first convex, then flat and slightly concave, surface smooth and matte. The edge of the hat is wavy, stronger. Color blue-gray, ash smoky, sometimes brownish. Plates of white-colored light cream shade. At the leg, threw out, falling. Gusto are located, a width of 3 to 6 mm. The leg is the colors of the cap, but brighter, thick, at the base extended, male-shaped, with dense white mycelium. Surface longitudinally fibrous. The flesh is whitish, fleshy. The taste is light, a little earthy, the smell is strong, milder-burned. Spore powder - cream.

It is growing, like other govari, from the end of August to late autumn, singly, in groups, sometimes forms "Windy Circles". In the forests of various types and thickets. Edible.

Govitka gray

Hovwashka redhead (bent)

Hat - with a diameter of 8-25 cm, originally convex, bell-shaped, with a rustic agent age. Along the edge is thin, fascinated. Colors are pale-ocher, beige, pale-body. The plates are first white, then whitish with a beige tinge, dense, thin, coming far into the leg. The leg is the colors of the cap, thick, cylindrical, in the lower is thicker, as a rule, longitudinally corrugated massive. The flesh - from whitish to beige. On a break color unchanged. The flesh is rigid, in young fungi shine, with age, fibrous. The smell is intense, fragrant, sweetish, resembling almonds, taste soft. Spore powder - white.

Grows in light forests of coniferous and hardwood, in meadows and pastures. Especially on limestone soils and wet places.

What does the govarus look like (video)

Inedible and poisonous govari

Among the govascus are incredible and deadly mushrooms. And if the first is just, to put it mildly, useless, then the second can lead to a fatal outcome. Therefore, it does not hurt to know their description.

Govitka is stuck

Hat with a diameter of 3-8 cm, convex, with age flat, a little later concave, funnel-shaped. The edge twisted beloved. The color is whitish, with a gray-cream tint, on the edge darker. Sometimes covered with dirty pink spots. Plates - whitish color, with aged cream, old mushrooms are dirty-yellow. Pretty dense and very narrow, poorly coinciding. The leg is from whitish to dirty-hive, cylindrical, sometimes curved. The young mushroom has dense, with an empty or "wadding" age. Mycelium sprouts thickly at the base. The flesh is white or dirty and white, elastic, tough. The smell of woody, floral, slightly anise. The taste is soft, indefinite. Spore powder - cream with an orange tint.

It is often found in coniferous and deciduous forests, often under fir trees, pines, beats and oaks, from summer to autumn. Grows in groups, on a deciduous litter. Mushroom is deadly poisonous. Muscarin poisoning.

Govitka is stuck

Govorshka is reddish

The hat is a diameter of 2-5 cm. At first, the convex shape with the wrapped "fields", later flat, then the recess in the center is formed, sometimes with a small tubercle at the bottom of the depression. The young fungus it is white, as if covered with the items, later with concentric zones of corporal color, under the layer of Inea, as a rule, pale bodily, smooth. Lovely stains on the hat are very characteristic of this species. The plates are first white, then dirty-white, dense, densely located, directly fragile. Pretty low converge on the leg. The leg with a height of 2-4 cm, 4-6 mm thick, cylindrical, complete, slightly fibrous (in the longitudinal direction). White color with a bodily tint. The flesh is white, elastic, does not change the color after being damaged. The taste is indefinite, the smell resembles freshly ground flour or recently spoken tree. Spore powder - white.

The fungus is widespread in Europe, but also meets in North America. The fruit bodies appear from the middle of the summer until the end of autumn, in the thickets of grass, on the cultivated meadows, pastures, fields, near the road or on the edge of the mixed forest, also under the shrub in the parks. May grow singly or in small groups.

Also, as well as the hawk, very poisonous (Muscarin poisoning). Contains quite a lot of muscarine, poison affecting the nervous system. Symptoms occur after 1/4-4 hours after meals. Symptoms: strong sweating, tearing, violation, vision, vomiting, colic, gastrointestinal disorders. Strong poisoning can lead to death. The mushroom is extremely dangerous, for people with light insufficiency or heart disease. The first symptoms of poisoning appear after 15-30 minutes after the use of mushrooms, and often pass after 2 hours. Atropin is used as an antidote.

Govorchka sorry refer to the family of govars and to the family of row. Quite often in the people, it is also called: Honor Gray, smoky or rogue.

These names of the mushrooms were obtained thanks to the smoky rapt, which accumulates on the surface of the Hats. With visual inspection, they are usually gray.

Govorchka refers to the conditionally edible form of mushrooms. Experienced mushrooms are careful not to collect this species, since with improper preparation there were cases of severe poisoning.

Description of type

Description and photos of the govarus allow you to have a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe external properties of this type.

With visual inspection, the following characteristic features of this type of fungi can be distinguished:

An adult hat has quite large sizes. It varies from 5 to 25 cm. The form is presented in the form of a hemisphere cooped inside the edges.

As the fungus grows it, it gradually straightens having a convex base near the center of the leg. In the rain period, these mushrooms have a pronounced gray color.

On the surface of the cap there is a gentle skin, which accumulates a large number of leaves and fir needles. With age, the amount of smoky raid gradually decreases. On the photo of the mushrooms of the govarus, the changes in the appearance of an adult mushroom are imprinted.

The base of the leg has a cylindrical shape that provides a dense fixation of the fungus. The height is about 10-15 cm, and the diameter in the region is 5 cm.

The pulp of an adult mushroom has a fibrous structure. In the field of the Hats, it is more fleasting. This breed has high hygroscopicity. During the rain, its mass significantly exceeds the permissible norm.

Under the Hat there are plates that have a beige-gray shade.

The main disadvantage of these mushrooms is that they quickly collect all the compounds of harmful metals.

Distribution of type

Gift mushrooms prefer location in a temperate zone. Quite often, the whitish can be found in a conifer or mixed forest.

The main element of the nutrition of this mushroom is old and destroyed wood. This material contains the largest amount of nutrients.

Extreme humidity is needed for rapid glow growth. That is why the process of fruiting this species begins on the rainy season.

The ripening of the planting material occurs from the beginning of September and until the end of October.

Favorable weather can provoke a protracted spread of mushroom microspores. The unusual location and appearance of these mushrooms make it quite popular among beginner mushrooms.

Quite often they form a cluster in the form of rings or clearing. This type of mushrooms stand out against the background of others.

Hovwashka Serovaya has a large external similarity with another, more dangerous mushroom is an enholic. With visual inspection, it really looks like a govar. The only difference is the subtle pinkish disputes and a more dense pulp of the caps.

The amount of poisonous substance contained in one mushroom exceeds the allowable rate of 5 times. By consulting such a food product, a person is experiencing strong inxication of the body.

The fact is that sometimes not every mushroom can be visually determined by a safe option. Even in ancient times, in the process of making fungi, many hostesses added a whole purified bulb onion.

If it is at the end of cooking, then there are poisonous compounds in the container, which can lead to the strongest poisoning. If the bulb does not change its color, then the boiled product is completely safe for eating.

Useful and negative qualities of tale

These mushrooms contain a large amount of natural a potent antibiotic - nebulin. It is used to treat such serious diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis and inflammatory processes of the human respiratory system.

Frequent use of them in food may become the main cause of serious poisoning. The minimum number of these mushrooms in the diet helps to fill the body with the useful substances and microelements.

Experienced mushrooms advise to collect them no more than once a month. On the photo of the Mushrooms of Govorushek, depicted all the elements of which consists of an adult.

Photo Govorushki

Mushroom pickers, collecting goggles, know perfectly - among these mushrooms and inedible species come across. Before sending a find to the basket, you need to know exactly what kind of govars it belongs. If at least the slightest doubt arises in the fact that this is an edible mushroom - it is better not to take it. Below we will look at the characteristics of various types of govarus: orange, winter, anise, glassworm and other types (edible and inedible).

General characteristics and description of the kind

In the people, these hat mushrooms are known under the names of Govorushka, or a row. In Russia, the mushrooms are named after a heap growth: next to one representative of this species will definitely be still a dozen of his relatives of different sizes, as if all this crowd was going to talk with each other.

Scientific classification of govari:

• genus - clitocybe;
• belong to the Basidiomycete Department;
• class affiliation to agaricomycetam;
• ordinal name - agricultural;
• belonging to the family of ordinary.

Important! It is not uncommon when the mushrooms are mistaken and rank with the govari very similar mushrooms from other families. Collect the govari (rogues) preferably mushroom pickers "with experience", as it is very easy to make a mistake in the species diversity.

• edible;
• conditional and edible;
• poisonous.

Fruit body

Rarely when the fruit body reaches large sizes, more often there are mean and small, with hats not more than five centimeters. While the mushroom is a young, white fruit body elastic. Old mushrooms have it grow up, loses its elasticity and becomes crumbly.

Hat

In conventional species of robes of hats small, up to 6 cm wide, although, for example, govarushki giant diameter hats can be 20 cm.
At only the mushroom showed from under the ground, the hat is round, its edges are faded inside. Over time, the hat straightens and increases in diameter. In aging mushrooms, she can cross in the opposite direction and even take a glassworm form. The outer surface of the mushroom hat is without growths, without shine, smooth, but there may be incomprehensible spots on it, in the form of mold - these are the remains of mushroom mycelium. It can have a variety of coloring: dirty and white, gray-brown, fawn, brown-pink or all sorts of shades of ocher. The color has a more rich color hats, and at the edges - as if fading, pale.

Leg

The leg is not thick, in the form of a cylinder, its height depends on the type of row and their age. The usual length of the leg is from 3 to 8 cm, its thickness varies from 5 mm to 2-3 cm. Often it is often encountered by the octoral thickening of the mushroom leg.

Plates

The plates in the robes have a light color of different shades, are connected to the leg of the neglection, downward.

Spore powder

Ready for reproduction (caused) disputes look like white or white pink powder.

Did you know? One of the features of the fungi belonging to the govascus are their unusual forms of growth. In the Middle Ages, mushrooms growing in the form of circles, were considered a sign of an unclean place and was not different as« witch rings» . Then they thought that there were such celebrations without fail. After driving a unclean power of rounds.

Distribution and ecology of happiness

The genus CLITOCYBE consists of 250 varieties of ordinary. In Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, there are about 100 species of this mushroom, some of them are fatally poisonous. To distinguish toxic views from edible or conditionally edible is sometimes very difficult, so they are similar to each other.

Gift mushrooms are found everywhere in the countries of the average climatic zone: in the Russian Federation (from the Far East to the Moscow region), Ukraine, Belarus, Britain, Belgium, and in some Asian countries. CLITOCYBE can be found on pastures, in the fields, in spruce.

Edible types of mushrooms

Edible varieties of row in cooking are used as:

• when cooking mushroom soups;
• fry with vegetables;
• gribna stew stew;
• based on them are preparing mushroom podlivals and sauces;
• salted by a barrel dance;
• marinate and roll for the winter;
• some varieties are dried.

• vegetable proteins;
• cellulose;
• amino acids;
• minerals;
• b vitamins B;
• macroelements;
• trace elements.

Did you know? Giant Mushroom of Armillaria takes almost 15 hectares of soil. Scientists have established that all this area is permeated under the earth and on earth the processes of the same mushroom organism. This was reported to readers of the New York Times newspaper in 1992.

Voronechatte

Hovwashka Voroneque, Latin name CLITOCYBE GIBBA, is quite suitable in food mushroom, and perhaps the most common in our forests.
Characteristic and description

• The hat in an adult mushroom is turned up in the form of a bowl, width from the edge to the edge - 10-12 cm. The thickness of the hat closer to the edge felt and becomes wavy. Color may vary from brown (reddish) to a variety of shades of ocher (yellow, fawn). Meakty has a pleasant white or soft cream, light almond smell, it breaks easily.
• The leg is smooth, in the form of smooth or slightly expanding up the cylinder with longitudinal furrows. The height of the leg usually reaches 6-6.5 cm. Color on one or two tones lighter color hats.
• Plates are narrow, often located. The young mushroom has white, the old - yellowish, from the edge of the hats gradually descend to the leg of the mushroom.
• Distribution Area - Russia, European countries, North America.
• Where meets: in parks and forest stations. Loves both deciduous landings, so Elniki. It prefers well-lit places, so most often the scattering of robes can be found on the side of the forest road, in the meadow or edge of the forest.

Smoky white

Smoke white, Latin name, Clitocybe Robusta, is a tasty and edible mushroom.

Characteristic and description

• The hat is fleshy and thick, width from 5 to 20 cm. Young hemispherical hat, bent down the book, as it grows it to flat-convex, or can look a little immutable with straight or slightly curved edge. Color - from dirty white (gray) to dirty-yellow, in the old mushroom, the coating of the hat fades almost white, on the surface - weak raids. Ripe disputes look like white powder.
• Leg. On young mushrooms there is a thickening at Earth (Maulamoid), as the roundness is smoothed, but the leg acquires wider outlines closer to the root system. Young flesh is a loose, fibrous, without voids. The old mushroom has a leg becomes a soft, white gray, faded color and with a strongly expressed smell of fruit.
• Plates - often located under the Hat, slightly descending. On young mushrooms - white, on outgrowth - yellow or slightly cream.
• Distribution Area - European Region, Far East.
• Where it is found: prefers forests with a predominance of fir or mixed planting ate and oak. Loves well-lit places (edges, glades) and deciduous or coniferous litter. Grows groups from 5 to 40 pieces, mushrooms are located rings, semi-rings or rows, are not fruitless every year and are rarely found.
• With which it is possible to confuse: inexperienced mushrooms can confuse with a poisonous rogue white, a strong distinctive feature is an unpleasant fragrance in a poison mushroom.

Did you know? Some species are able to emit phosphorescent light, for example, hacking reddish (CLITOCYBE RIVULOSA) at night glows with a ghostly pale-green color.

Winter

Govitka Winter, Latin name CLITOCYBE BRUMALIS, - Good edible mushroom.
Characteristic and description

• The hat is 5-6 cm wide, only the mushroom from the soil, it has a spherical, bent the shape of the book. In a large mushroom, she moves to a flat (spread), the old again takes a cupid shape. In the middle the hat is thick, it is thinned to the edges and becomes wave-like. Color hats marsh, brown-smoky, with age brightness is lost. The mushroom body is gentle, elastic with a flour aroma. The pulp when drying becomes white, like completely ripe disputes.
• The leg is longitudinally fibrous, in the form of a cylinder. Height - 3-4 cm, thickness - up to 50 mm. The color legs usually coincides with the color hat, with the time of color and the other it becomes a few tones lighter (faded).
• Plates are frequent, narrow, directed downwards. Color plates gray or yellow-white.
• The territory of distribution is the European part of the Russian Federation, the pops of the Far East, the foothills of the Caucasus, Ukraine, Poland, Germany, Denmark, Africa (North) and America.
• Where it is found: the row of winter is perfectly growing on the rotting plant litter. Especially likes to grow in pineplate.

Conditionally edible

The difference of conditionally edible mushrooms from edible is that they are categorically impossible to use without prior processing. Some species require pre-boiling (perhaps several times) and further washing in clean water. Other species of mushrooms just soak for several hours in one or more waters. These mushrooms can be fascinated, but they will definitely be subjected to thermal processing.

Anisova

Hovwashka Anisova, the name sounds like CLITOCYBE ODORA. Often, this mushroom is called a fragrant or spacious rogue.
Characteristic and description

• A hat width from 4 to 9 cm, the form initially slightly convex, grown, straightened to an even state. Sometimes in the middle of the hat is formed an indulged pit. Coloring unusual, faded blue, coating smooth. Mushroom pulp has a thin watery consistency, a grayish color and an obviously tangible aroma of anise droplets. This smell served as the basis for other above names.
• The leg brown, grayish or olive tint, in the form of an elongated cylinder thickened downstairs. The body legs at the soil is slightly pubes with mycelium.
• Plates are densely located under the Hat, wide. Color - pale green.
• Distribution area is Far Eastern Soping, the foothills of the Caucasus, Europe.
• Where is found: in spruce and deciduous landings. Peak growth of mushrooms falls in mid-September.
• With which it is possible to confuse - on the row (govorchka) anise externally looks very similar to the govarusha fragrant. You can distinguish them in color: the latter is yellowish.

Fragrant

Honor fragrant, name in Latin CLITOCYBE FRAGRANS.

Characteristic and description

• The medium-sized hat, the width from the edge to the edge - from 3 to 6 cm. At the beginning of the growth, spherically convex, it is later straightened and bend in the opposite direction, it acquires curved edges. The coloration of the hat varies in the color scheme from yellowish gray to the color of the light eloch, shades can be different. Watery flesh gentle, very brittle, white. With fault, the pulp felt the smell of anise droplets. Ripe disputes look like white powder.
• The leg in height reaches 3-5 cm, the thickness is from 50 mm to 1 cm. The shape of the legs is classical, in the form of an elongated cylinder, smooth. The color always coincides with the color of the Hats, mostly these are variants of yellowish gray tones.
• The plates are narrow, arranged on the hat often, gradually descend to the leg. The color is dirty-white, old mushrooms are gray-brown.
• Distribution Area - European Region, South America, North Africa.
• Where it is found: in conifer and mixed landings, mass fruction begins in mid-September. Mushrooms are growing to the end of the first October decade, in particular warm and rainy autumn fruiting can last until the end of October. The row is growing fragrant by a large group or rows, from 5-7 to 50 mushrooms in one place.
• With which it is possible to confuse: with edible mushroom rob in anise, the main difference between these species is the yellowish color of the hats of happiness fragrant.

Govitka glasswood, the name of Latin sounds like a Cyathiformis CLITOCYBE. Few people know that these mushrooms can be eaten.

Characteristic and description

• Hat width from 4 to 8 cm, in the form of a deep cup or funnel. The edge of hats is uneven, wavy, surface - gentle and silky (in dry weather), and hygrofanne in the rain. Color - brown, grayish, the color of the pulp is the same (on a couple of tones lighter). The consistency of the pulp is a watering. Ripe disputes look like white powder.
• The leg is quite high (4-7 cm), thin (up to 50 mm), inserted from the ground. Its color is the same as the hat plate, or on 2-3 tones lighter. The pulp legs fiber, hard.
• Plates are rarely located, gradually descending from the hat to the leg, their color is one shade with a hat plate, but a little lighter.
• Distribution area - European countries and the European Region of the Russian Federation.
• Where it is found: fir and mixed landings, forest belts and urban park areas. Mycelium germinates perfectly on wood peeling and coniferous pillow. Grow groups and a single way.
• What can be confused with: Mushrooms are a bit like a row to the villager, but still differ from her shape hats, a brown-brown color, thin with a hollow leg and dark pulp.

Baslavonogaya

Hovwashka Plotonogaya, Latin name CLITOCYBE CLAVIPES. It has a few more names (Tolstonogaya, Maulasovoidal).

Characteristic and description

• The hat is quite wide, up to 8 cm. Young has a convex shape, then gradually frames up to absolutely smooth, the grown mushrooms are decorated with a coolest hat. "Hat funnel" with a thin edge, its color is a mixture of brown and gray colors, with time pale. The pulp of the cap is water, gentle and brittle, has a flour smell.
• The feet of the ground is round, further is cylindrical, the general form resembles a turned the flaw. Height - from 5 to 8 cm, thickness - 50-70 mm. The pulp legs fibrous, gray-brown, without voids. On the swollen lower part, you can visually notice the fungne in the form of a fence.
• The plates are located negly, originally gray-whitish, as the mushroom agrees, get a light yellowness. Located at the bottom of the hats and gradually descend to the leg.
• Distribution Area is the European Region, the foothills of the Caucasus, the Nights of the Far East and South Siberia.
• Where is found: in leafy landings and mixed with birch conifers. Hovorchka pins can be seen growing in large quantities and one one. The first mushrooms grow in the second decade of August, the greatest fruiting comes in September, the last mushrooms can be found even at the end of October.

Important! If it is assumed to be a feast with the use of alcoholic beverages, no hawk-like, in no case cannot be supplied to the table - in combination with alcoholic beverages, this mushroom becomes very toxic.

Smoky

Govitka smoky, on Latin its name sounds like a clitocybe nebularis. This type is also called smoky-gray hacking. Pharmaceutical enterprises recycle nebular antibiotic contained in these mushrooms and prepare on its basis medication.

Characteristic and description

• The hat is medium or very large, its diameter reaches 23 cm, the surface is smooth, glossy. Its color can be of all shades of gray, pale brown or fad-yellow. Hat of young mushrooms spherical, slightly bent down the book, the center is visible explicit convexity. After some time, the hat becomes smooth, its edges are thin and bending. In the fault, the flesh is dense, unwashed, appetizing white. The color of the pulp in the air does not change, the taste is pleasant. The smell of robes in the smoke suggests on the thought of rotting fruit, although sometimes reminds of a strong floral fragrance.
• The leg is round-elongated, the lower part is round and twice the bulk, height - from 5 to 15 cm. It can be absolutely smooth or covered with white-gray bell. Young mushrooms have a dense leg, overgrowing it becomes hollow. Color on a couple of tones lighter hats coloring.
• The plates are thin and frequently located, different shades of sandy color, are not attached to the mushroom leg, and very poorly attached to the hat.
• Distribution area - in countries located in the northern hemisphere, these mushrooms love a non-friction climate.
• Where meets: in forest parks, forest stations, in parks, in coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. Fruit from the first decade of August to mid-November (with soft autumn). The mushroom likes to be located on rotten wood, next to the Christmas tree and birch. Growing large groups, often "witch circles."
• With which it is possible to confuse: the smoking has a similarity with the roller entoloma rush (entoloma sinuatum). The difference is that the entoloma sinuatum plates of pink color and a dark-yellow shred hat.

Orange

Govitka Orange, Latin name Lepiota Aspera, this large conditionally edible mushroom is named after his bright hat.

Characteristic and description

• The hat is thick, the width - from 5 to 22 cm, the surface is lacking, smooth. The color is bright: all shades of orange, the girdle mushrooms have a hat fond and acquires a dirty-yellow color, or rusty stains appear on it. The young copies of the hat in the shape of an outbound bell, as aggravated and it becomes smooth immediately, and a little later acquires an indulged form. A small tubercle is visible in the center, the edges are bent. On the fault, the body's body is white, when exposed to oxygen, the color does not change, almond aroma appears.
• The leg of a cylindrical shape, height from 6 to 15 cm, its fibrous flesh is dwelling. Color color usually coincides with the colors of the hat, or has a slightly lighter tone.
• Plates brown or cream.
• Distribution area is the country of Eurasia, in which the climate is inclined to moderate.
• Where is found: on the side roads, forest edges, large forest glades. Loves mixed forests (deciduous trees and ate), good lighting.
• With which it is possible to confuse: Orange has a similarity with a giant giant, but it is distinguished by a lump in the middle of a hat, and a poisonous rogue whitish, whose hat is covered with light beet (resembling a flour).

Did you know? One of the most unusual fungi in the world is a hydnelum of the pitch, the second name of which is translated as« tooth from which blood» . It should be noted that the name accurately transmits the appearance of the fungus. Amazing mushroom is absolutely non-toxic, but scares animals and people with extravagant views and bitter taste. It grows this miracle in Europe and on some of the Pacific Ocean Islands in coniferous forests.

Bucked

Humor bent, Latin name Clitocybe Geotropa.
Characteristic and description

• The hat is large and fleshy, gray-yellow, diameter - from 12 to 20 cm, originally a spherical form with a small hill, then becomes a funk-shaped (with a shaskha in the middle). Power hats dense. On the fault of young mushrooms, the body has a dry, loose, white, in old - brown color, with an unpleasant aroma.
• The leg has a dense pulp and pin-shaped (sulcified mycelium) thickening at the base, length - from 10 to 20 cm, diameter - 2-3 cm. The same colors with a hat.
• Plates are often arranged, gradually descending to the mushroom leg. Color on young mushrooms white, on old - yellowish.
• Distribution Area - European countries, Far Eastern region.
• Where is found: in the bushes and forest stations, on forest edges. Loves mixed forest parks and containing lime soil, grows wide rings, in which there are from 20 to 50 mushrooms (large and small). Begins fruiting in the summer, from the middle of the summer and continues the growth of mushrooms almost until the end of October.
• With which it is possible to confuse: a slightly similar to the Entola poisonous. They are easy to distinguish, since the intolerable mushroom does not have: hats with a shader in the middle and in the form of a flip of the funnel, its leg without rounded thickening downstairs, and the flesh smells unpleasantly. If you make mistakes and eat an anthole, you can get a serious stomach disorder.

Snowy

Govitka Snowy, in Latin pronounced as CLITOCYBE PRUINOSA.

Characteristic and description

• Hat width from 3 to 4 cm, the original form is a convex sphere, a little later - wide concave, with bent, sometimes waving edges. The color is grayish brown or in gray-brown tones with a brighter hat. The pulp on the whiteflower, dense. It has a well-distinguishable smell of cucumber. Disputes ready for reproduction look like a white powder substance.
• The leg is a thin, rather long lightweight cylinder, up to 4 cm long, up to 30 mm thick. The leg without voids, the curved, smooth, its color merges with a mushroom hat.
• The plates are non-scribe, often located, gradually descending to the leg. On old mushrooms - yellowish, on young - white.
• The distribution area is the countries of the European Region.
• Where it is found: fir, pine and mixed with deciduous forests with an abundance of sunlight. It grows early in spring (the whole of May), it falls across and not annually.

Important! Unknown fitness for food - information in different sources is often contradictory.

Giant

Giant giant, scientific name Leucopaxillus Giganteus, - rarely found mushroom from the category of conditionally edible.

Characteristic and description

• A spherical hat, over time frames and turns into a funnel looking upwards, the edges of thin, bent up. The most common caps reach 13-15 cm, but sometimes the giants with a diameter of hats are 30-35 cm. The surface without shine, smooth, but (depends on the composition of the soil) is covered with small scales. The color of hats is snow-white, sometimes there are light beige colors, the flesh on a white break, has a slight flour aroma and a pleasant taste. If you try the raw pulp of old mushrooms taste, it will be bitterly.
• The leg is high (8-10 cm) and fat (3-4 cm) white on a break.
• Plates beige, as agrees become yellowish, are located down from the hat to the leg.
• Distribution area - European countries and European territories of Russia.
• Where is found: on the open light of forest edges, pastures. The mushroom is developing annually, abundant fruiting begins with the second decade of August and lasts until the first Nizhny Names. The mushroom is located in the form of large in the diameter of the "Withe Circles".

Inedible poisonous govari

We must not forget that any mushrooms over time are able to accumulate heavy metals and toxins in the fruit body, and no exceptions. This is exactly what is justified by the ban of the gathering of happiness (robes) next to large industrial enterprises and high-speed tracks. Eating such mushrooms can lead to severe intoxication.

Poisonous types of govari - Musarine sources, which is a very strong toxin. The first symptoms of intoxication are manifested for three hours:

• nausea, vomiting diarrhea, spasms in the stomach and intestines;
• pressure drops to critical and sinus bradycardia arises;
• throws into the cold sweat, the uncontrolled selection of saliva begins;
• man suffocating.

Important! The most dangerous of the whole CLITOCYBE is a poisonous govirushka fought or erased. This mushroom has a good taste and pleasant smell, but after such a treat, a person dies in five days almost without manifestations of poisoning - he just refuses the kidneys.

Whiteish

Hovwashka whitish (white), scientific name CLITOCYBE CANDICANS, - Extremely toxic mushroom.
Characteristic and description

• The hat is small, width - from 1 to 4 cm, spread or slightly convex, contains muscarine (strong poison). The head of the hat faded red, closer to the edges goes into faded-gray. On young hats there is a light (wax) raid, which is absent on the glowing mushrooms. The pulp in fault will pleasantly smell, there is a clear similarity in the smell with crushed green leaves in the hand.
• The leg is thin, cylindrical, with a flat or fibrous surface, height 2- 4 cm. Color - gray-pink, closer to the ground - dark gray.
• Plates are light beige, go down from the hat to the leg descending.
• Distribution area is the European part of the continent, North and Latin America.
• Where is found: on a sheet or coniferous last year's pillow, in coniferous and mixed landings, in open areas. Fruption begins with the middle of the summer and lasts until the third decade of September.

Pale-painted (gray)

Govitka pale, or gray, the name of Latin is Clitocybe Metachroa, is very poisonous.
Characteristic and description

• Hat wide from 3 to 5 cm, originally spherical, with central tuberculk, edges bent; Later - painted, with a pressed middle and the in the middle of the hill. The edge is thin and wavy, in the rain it becomes sticky. The young mushroom has a gray hat with in the middle of white tormenting raid, a little later becomes a water and changes the color to a grayish-brownish, in the absence of rains brightened, becomes whiteish-gray or whitish-brownish. In any change, the middle of the middle always remains much darker of basic color. Power with gray hats, water-free, having smell. Ripe disputes look like white and gray powder.
• A leg length from 3 to 6 cm, thick - 30-50 mm. Smooth, or a narrowing book, the hollow, initially grayish with light raid, in the future it becomes a grayish-brownish color.
• The plates are narrow, often located, which have grown to the hat and gradually descending to the leg, pale gray.
• Distribution area - Europe, the foothills of the Caucasus, Far Eastern Nights.
• Where is found: in fir, pine, mixed landings, is located groups. Fruption begins from August and lasts before frosts.
• With which it is possible to confuse: it has a similarity with a govirushka groove, which has an obvious flour aroma. Young talena pale look like a hazelnik winter (Clitocybe Brumalis).

Important! With the slightest suspicion of poisoning mushrooms, urgently assume emergency care.

Buro-Yellow

Hovwashka Buro-Yellow, Scientific name CLITOCYBE GILVA, - a poisonous mushroom, having other names: a row of waterfront, the row is golden.

Characteristic and description

• The hat is dense, but thin, on the fault is white-yellowish with a tangible aroma of Anisa, according to unverified data, the taste of her slightly bitter. The diameter of the cap - from 3 to 9 cm, the form is originally spherical with hill and bent steps, in the future - a bit intended inward, with thinned wavy edges, the surface is smooth. On the rain after the rain, the apparent shallow wet spots remain on the hat - this is the feature inherent only in this kind. In the rain and fog, the hat becomes a water-free, without shine. Coloring in yellow brown tones, to old age fades and pale to almost white, on which red-rusty specks are visible. The disputes ready for reproduction look like a dirty white powder.
• The leg with a thickness of 50-100 mm, length from 3 to 5 cm, smooth or curved, thinning to the soil, was found in the ground with a white mycelium, without voids. The color of all shades of yellow, one color with plates or several tones is darker.
• The plates are narrow, arranged dense, descending to the leg, sometimes wavy. The color of the plates of the young mushroom is light yellow, with age changes on a brown-brown.
• Distribution area is European regions, the Far East.
• Where is found: in coniferous and mixed forest plants, it fertures all summer and until the end of October. Peak falls in mid-August. Grows groups.
• With which it is possible to confuse: the governing of the brown-yellow is very similar to an ordinary inverted, unlike which has a larger color of all parts. Since both varieties of robes of poisonous, they cannot be assembled and their differences are insignificant for mushrooms. Also, the drow-yellow has some similarity with an ordinary redhead (Lepista Inversa).

Estimated

Walked wait, on Latin CLITOCYBE PHYLLOPHILA. The mushroom is very poisonous, containing a high percentage of poison Muscarine. Other names also have: hacking a fooling or grayish.

Characteristic and description

• Hat wide from 6 to 8 cm, with a completely smooth surface, painting in white colors, rapids wavy and wrap up.
• The leg with a height from 3 to 4 cm, thin, cylindrical shape, color is identical to the color of the hat. In the place of contact with the feet of the earth, there is a thickening, on which the white chopper of mycelium is visually visible.
• Distribution area - Eurasian countries.
• Where is found: deciduous, spruce or mixed landings, grows on needle or leaf pillows. Fruiting throughout the autumn, until the first frost.

Important! In Russia there is an opinion that even not quite edible mushrooms used by "under one hundred grams" are not able to cause harm to the taste. This is not the case at all, many types of govari are absolutely incompatible with alcohol, in this case, even the advent of the conditionally edible mushrooms can lead to severe intoxication of the body.

Velothenaya

Gotcharged govarus, the name on Latin sounds like CLITOCYBE VIBECINA.

Characteristic and description

• The hat is small, smooth, width - up to five centimeters. Spherical initially, later becomes concave and smooth. Takes a slightly leacing shape with a dark deepening in the center. Color gray-brown or gray-white, which burns out to the old age mushroom. The flesh is a loose, white in fault (in the rain - grayish). It has an unpleasant taste and torment smell. In the heat of the hat it is bored and becomes pale-sand, in the rain, the wavy edges acquire the strips of dark color. Ripe disputes look like white powder.
• The leg is a wavy-curved or straight, in the form of a cylinder or smooth, the old mushrooms becomes hollow. The color of the upper part is whitish (with a flour spraying), down - gray, at the junction with a soil covered with mycelium. In the heat becomes dirty brown.
• The plates are narrow, often located, descending to the leg, their length on the same mushroom can be different. Painting of fad-gray or gray-brown blurred color.
• Distribution area is European countries.
• Where is found: grows by a team from 5 to 10 mushrooms in sprouts of pines, it is rare. He loves pillows from moss and rotting bark. Fruit from November to January. Prefers scyed, poor organic soil.
• With which it is possible to confuse: it is similar to the govascus of a slightly injection (CLITOCYBE DITOPA), it is distinguished by the fact that the second hat is covered with a wave and does not have striped edges, the leg is also much shorter. Also for govaruschka, the groove is similar to Govoruk Metachroa, which prefers to grow in deciduous landings and does not have a flour aroma.

Valido

Humor is pouring, scientific name of CLITOCYBE PHYLOPHILA.

Characteristic and description

• Hat with a diameter of 4 to 10 cm, originally spherical, having a high hill centered, stewed steels. Subsequently, it takes a weakly pressed form (the surface of the tube), with lowered down, thin and curved edge. The coloring is white or gray-brown, with a light bent, in the rain becomes a water-free, with clearly released wet brown spots. Matched spore powder acquires hidden-cream color. The flesh in the fault is water-white, but fleshy, spicy smelling.
• A leg length from 4 to 8 cm, a width of 50-100 mm. The form can be different: a cylindrical, extended book, with a pin-shaped blown or a tapering book. The leg of the fibrous, in the place of contact with the soil, pubes with the White Mycel, as aging becomes a hollow. The color is first white, then becomes gray-brownish or yellow-brownish with a transition to pale pink.
• The plates are wide, rarely located, descending from the hat to the leg, color - from white to cream.
• Distribution area is the European Region.
• Where it meets: in birchings, fir and pine forests, prefers to grow on sheet puff. Grows circles, rows, groups. It is not found too often, fruiting begins in September and ends with November freezes.
• With which it is possible to confuse: it has similarities with a glow-in-law (Clitocybe Cerrussata), the hat of which, when failing, exudes an unpleasant flavor, and whitish hacking (CLITOCYBE DEALBATA), smaller in size and growing on meadows.

Inverted

Govitka turned outward, the name on Latin sounds like CLITOCYBE INVERSA. This poisonous mushroom has another name for having a greene-brown, in the melt mushroom there are poisons similar to Muscarin.

Did you know? Truffles are considered the most expensive mushrooms in the world, they are carrying out real hunt with the help of specially trained animals (dogs or pigs). The time of such a hunt is a deep night, it is at this time search animals better feel the smell of truffles. These amazing mushrooms are growing underground.

• A hat with a diameter of 4 to 10 cm, a small mushroom is spherical, soon it grows and takes the kind of a wide funnel, the edges of which are bent. Rust color painting, brown or redhead, red brick colors, with well-visible little trifles. Ripe disputes look like white powder. The flesh in the fault is light-facal, dense, smell sharp, specific.
• The leg is from 4 to 6 cm long, a width of up to 100 mm, dwelling and fibrous, a little lighter hats.
• Plates are densely located, elegant, gradually descending to the leg. Young mushrooms have cream, as agrees take rusty color.
• Distribution Area - European Region, Far East, Caucasus.
• Where is found: in fir and pine forests, a little less often this kind can be found in mixed landings. Fruiting begins from August and lasts until the end of October. It is found quite often, grows by group landings (ranks, "witch circles").

Weaklyakhulya

Honor a weakness, the scientific name of CLITOCYBE DITOPA refers to the inedible toxic mushrooms.

Characteristic and description

• Hat up to 6 cm wide, young mushrooms - spherical with bent edges, subsequently becomes smooth or strifting in the opposite direction and takes a slightly cup-like species, its thin and translucent edges become curved. Coloring can vary from beige to gray-brown, on a hat there is a white or gray rack (wax), the central part of the hat has a more rich and dark color. With a disadvantage of moisture, the color of the robes of weakly injection changes to the gray-beige. Ripe white spores. White-gray flesh, with a pleasant flour aroma, without bitterness.
• The leg is 5-6 cm long, a diameter of up to 100 mm, the shape is cylindrical or slightly flashed, over time it becomes hollow. Coloring legs and caps are almost the same, down - the insertion of mycelium.
• Plates wide, densely located, having different lengths. Color - shades of gray.
• Distribution area is the European part of the Russian Federation and other European countries.
• Where meets: coniferous-deciduous forests. Fruit in winter time (December and January).

Hovwashka, or Clitocibe, ( Clitocybe.) - the genus family, which includes both edible and fatally poisonous hats mushrooms. Govoruska refers to the department of basidiomycetes, the class of agaricomycetes, the order of agricultural, the family of robes. Often to the govascus mistakenly attribute to them in the appearance of mushrooms from the genus Lepista. or Leucopaxillus..

The origin of the name, which gave the Latin definition of the genus, is not fully clarified. Some researchers associate it with the Greek word "κλιτύς", which is translated as a "hill" or "slope". What caused such a comparison is unknown. The Russian name "Honor" may have happened due to the fact that these mushrooms are usually growing quite closely, large groups, as if talking to each other.

Hovwashka (mushroom) - Photo and description

Hat

Hand tamper small or medium size. Its diameter ranges from 3 to 6 cm, however, there are instances of which this figure reaches 10-15 cm. Young hacks have a hemispherical shape. As it grows it levels, and the mature mushrooms often have an indulged form, right up to the funnel-shaped. In normal weather conditions, the surface of the Hats is dry and smooth. Its painting can be whitish, grayish-brown, palee, pinkish-brown and even different shades of ohlogen color. The intensity of the color is uneven, brightening from the center to the edge of the hat. Often, the residue of mycelium is detected on its upper surface, similar in appearance with mold stains.

Plates

Plates, located on the bottom surface of the hats, white, yellow, yellow as the mushroom agrees.

Leg

The height of the leggings depends on the speciesity of the fungus and can reach 8 cm, and its diameter ranges from 0.5 cm to 3 cm.

Flesh

The flesh of the fruit body is usually white, dense consistency, but as the mushroom agrees it becomes loose.

Spore powder

Spore beer powder is usually white or cream-white.

Types of govascus, titles and photos. Edible and poisonous govari

CLITOCYBE includes more than 250 types of govascus. About 60 species are studied in the territory of the Russian Federation. There are both edible and fatally poisonous gods, so this mushroom is recommended to collect only experienced mushrooms, as it sometimes happens very difficult to distinguish.

Below is a description of several types of happiness:

• Humor bent (redhead) ( CLITOCYBE GEOTROPA., Infundibulicybe Geotropa.)

edible mushroom with fleshy bell-shaped meat caps, which later take a view of a wide funnel with thin, lowered down the edges. In the middle of the hat there is a tubercle, which is clearly visible in young mushrooms and remains noticeable in mature fruit bodies. Smooth skin covering the top surface of a hat, painted in yellowish-brown color. As it agrees, it fades to pale tones with severe rusty spotting. White dry pulp of dense consistency over time acquires a fawn color and has a characteristic low-rise almond smell. The pulp on the cut does not change the color. The leg is quite high, slightly pubescent, has a shape of a cylinder with thickening to the bottom, painted into light yellow color. Old mushrooms have almost no different from the hat. Frequent plates, highly descending on the leg, have a width of less than a millimeter and painted in white or cream tones. Bending govari grow in Germany, France, Poland, Spain, Italy, Russia, Belarus and other countries of the northern hemisphere with a temperate climate. The beginning of fruiting falls on the first days of July, and ends at the end of October. It is found along the edges of the paths, on forest edges and grassy glades, in the depths of deciduous, coniferous or mixed forests on the litter of false foliage or moss. Forms large clusters in the form of arcs, tracks, or so-called "widen circles". Only hats of young mushrooms are going to culinary treatment, as the legs and the fruit bodies of adult govets are not suitable (they are heavy for the stomach and poorly digested).

• Clitocybe Gibba.)

edible mushroom, the most common view of the happiness. The adult mushroom hat has a deep funnel shape with a diameter of about 10 cm with a thin winding edge. Its painting can be brownish-fawn, yellow-ohlogen or reddish. The flesh is a loose, white or slightly creamy color with a pleasant almond fragrance. Smooth or with small longitudinal grooves The leg with a height of up to 6.5 cm has a cylindrical or slightly expanding to the surface of the Earth. Its color is almost no different from the color of the hat. White pulp legs are tougher, consistency resembles rubber. Often, the narrow plates of the hymenophore are painted in white or cream color (depending on age) and are quite high on the leg. Honor Voroneque is widespread in coniferous and deciduous forests of the European territory of the Russian Federation, the North Caucasus, Western Siberia, as well as the majority of European countries. Govoruska grows on forest edges, glades and along the roads. Only hats of young mushrooms go to culinary treatment, as the legs and fruit bodies of adult govaris in food are unsuitable.

• Govorchka smelly (Hovwashka Anisova) ( CLITOCYBE ODORA.)

edible mushroom. Thanks to a specific anise smell, this is one of the brightest and recognizable species. Mushroom flesh fleshy, pale gray with a greenish tint. In young mushrooms, a convex hay-greenish hat with time becomes a grayish yellow and has a near-flat surface with numerous deep wpads. A concrete leg length up to 8 cm has a significant thickening at the base. Its coloring coincides with the color of the Hats, although it may be a little paler. The plates located on the lower surface of the Hats are painted in a pale green color and pretty much fall on the leg. The mushroom is plentifully fruits, starting from the first decade of August to the second half of October. Golovashka plowing in deciduous, mixed or coniferous forests of the European part of the Russian Federation, Western Siberia, Central and Eastern Europe.

• Hovwashka Plulavonogaya (Maulamoidal) ( Clitocybe Clavipes.)

edible mushroom, but when used, together with alcohol, can lead to poisoning. Hat 4-8 cm in diameter, thick-fleshy, first convex, then flat, in the center dull or with a tubercant, sometimes conical, dark ashes, the edge brighter, whitish, smooth. The leg is 3-6 cm long, cylindrical, at the bottom of the blooming, shaped resembles a belaw, one-color with a hat or white, fiber. The flesh of the shocks ash-gray, with a pleasant mushroom smell and taste. Low-playing plates, rare, wide, first white, later yellowish. Plotovoid govitka grows in coniferous forests from July to October. Sometimes it is found in deciduous and mixed forests.

• Leucopaxillus Giganteus.)

edible mushroom, which refers to the genus of a white-wing. It has a large hat with a diameter of 8 to 30 cm of milk-white or cream color. In the center of the handcraft can be slightly darker. The shape of the hat is convex in a young mushroom, and then becomes an indulged and funnel. The height of the whitish leg is 4-7 cm. Cylindrical leg shape, no bedspread. The flesh of the giant giant is white and dense, does not have a special aroma or taste. Gimentoor plate, plates are designed to the leg and have white or cream color. Giant giant is growing in North America, European countries and in Russia. It occurs from the end of August to October. With good weather fruits and in November.

• CLITOCYBE METACHROA.)

inedible mushroom, some sources include mushroom to poisonous. The shape of the hats hats changes with age. The young mushroom has a slightly convex hat, almost flat. In old age, the hat becomes an indelible and reminiscent funnel with a curved edge and a surface covered with pretty deep holes. Its diameter does not exceed 5 cm. The flesh of a grayish or whitish color of a water consistency, without a pronounced smell. When drying the mushrooms of the govari acquire a resistant smell of sharpness. Hollow leg, low, cylindrical, 3-6 cm diameter, gray or grayish brown. Slightly expanded base leg has a whiskers. Frequently located pale gray plates are quite low descended on the leg. Govitka pale-painted widespread in Spain, France, Sweden, Italy, Belarus, Poland and other European countries. From the second decade of August to the beginning of November, there is a gloomy, since the European part in Russia, since the European part and ending with the seaside edge. The most comfortable mushroom feels in fallen birch or oak leaves, although there are populations growing in mixed and purely coniferous forests. Unlike other representatives of the genus Clitocybe, forming quite large clusters, a pale-painted govarus is growing alone. However, single cases of the formation of "width circles" were noted, in which there were more than a hundred fruit bodies.

• Smoking tamper (Gearing Gray, Govarushka Smokato-gray) ( Clitocybe nebularis.)

mushroom, which refers to a conditionally edible category. Some scientists consider mushroom to poisonous. The use of smoky govari in food can cause serious failures in the work of the digestive system due to the content of nebularin cytotoxic substance in the mushroom. Smoke hazel hat medium sizes, up to 15 cm in diameter. Its painting, depending on the weather, can be gray-brown, yellowish brown or ash-gray. On the surface of the young mushrooms caps, it is often noted easily shot by a grayish-whitish flare. White pulp in gray govari is a fleshy, dense consistency that does not change its color on the cut, has a characteristic fruit or floral fragrance. The pulp on the cut does not change the color. The mace-shaped leg with a smooth or slightly fibrous surface has a length of up to 10 cm at a maximum thickness of 3 cm. The young talex consistency of the pulp is quite dense. However, as the fiber-spongy substance, the filling leg, is reborn, and it becomes a hollow. White or slightly yellowish garmenophore plates are freely separated from the bottom surface of the cap and legs. The mass fruction of govaruschi smoking lasts from the second half of August to the last decade of November. This species is found in all types of forests of all countries of the northern hemisphere. Usually forms quite large populations in the form of long rows or "witchcours".

• Govorchka translucent (Hovwashka Diatreta, Govorushka Avaid) ( Clitocybe Diatreta.)

poisonous mushroom with a small rounded corporal, nut or ohloque hat, with a slight reddish tint. Its surface after the rain becomes slippery and sticky. Thin translucent edges of the hats are wrapped down. The fleshy pulp of whiteish-fawn color with high humidity can increase in volume. Unlike most other govari, translucent govarushka does not have a pronounced smell. The leg of the cylindrical shape, often narrowing to the base, does not exceed 3.5 cm. Its surface, painted in light beige, pale or red-brown tones, as the fungus aging is becoming darker. Straight plates have a width of 1 to 6 mm. They are painted in cream-white color and partially increased to the leg. Govorchka translucent is widespread in Western Europe, North Africa and in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The Russian Federation meets not only on the European part, but also in Western Siberia, in the Caucasus and the Far East. Fruit bodies of govarus translucent can be found from the middle of spring and at the beginning of autumn in coniferous and deciduous forests. Growing a habit of large groups on non-fermented soils with a large sand content, forming rather long rows or arcs.

• White tamper (white) ( Clitocybe Candicans.)

this is a poisonous lamellar mushroom with a small (from 1 to 4 cm) flat or slightly pressed cap. The color of the caps on the edges of a pale gray, in the center of pale-red, with a whiten wax-like raid, disappearing as aging. The flesh of the fruit body has a pleasant smell, resembling an aroma, published by tomato leaves. Contains poison - muscarine. Frequently located plates of the hymenophor pale cream color are designed along a cylindrical leg, the height of which ranges from 2 to 4 cm. The surface of the leg can be both smooth and fibrous, and its color is light gray with a light pink tint. At the base, the color of the legs are grayish. Hovwashka whitish is widespread in Germany and France, Poland, Romania, Spain and Portugal, Belarus, Russia, as well as other European countries. Govorchka and on the North American continent. Blesley govars grow on meadows, in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests on the nutrient substrate from false foliage or needles. Fruit bodies appear in the middle of summer and meet until September.

• Govarushka is a seasoned (firing, grayish) ( CLITOCYBE PHYLLOPHILA.)

poisonous mushroom from the genus of govarus. Contains a very high concentration of musarine poison. The smooth hat has a diameter of 6-8 cm, painted into dirty white tones, its wavy edges are wrapped up. A low leg has a cylindrical shape, its color coincides with the color of the hats. A small thickening, located at the base of the leg, has a light white edge. Govarushka is widespread in all countries of the moderate belt of the Eurasian continent. It can grow both in deciduous and coniferous or mixed forests, occurs in the litter of rotting foliage and needles. It almost does not grow alone, usually forms large groups in the form of tracks or circles. Fruit from early September to mid-November.

• Clitocybe Rivulosa.)

poisonous mushroom with a small hat (no more than 4 cm in diameter), changing its shape as agreed. Its painting is milder-white, pinkish-fawn, pinkish-brown or ocher. Often in adult govars of this species on the surface of the cap, a thin muccious raid and stains of a grayish color are observed. The fleshy pulp of elastic consistency has a slightly sweet and pleasant aroma. A short thin leg with a cylindrical shape, a somewhat narrowing to the base. In young mushrooms, it is filled with a dense fibrous material, however, at old govars it becomes a hollow. The garment plates with a width of 2 to 5 mm wide, painted in whitish, and later in light yellow tones, rather low on the leg. The fruiting season begins with the second half of July and continues until the beginning of November. The reddish govarus is found on forest glades and edges, in places of industrial and sanitary cuts, as well as in urban parks. Usually forms large clusters in the form of "width circles". Govaruska reddish grows on an extensive territory, which includes almost all countries of Europe, North America, the European part of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia, Primorye, China, etc.

Where are the gummy mushrooms grow?

The agricultural agriculture area is very extensive and includes all the countries of the northern hemisphere with a temperate climate. Gift mushrooms grow among meadows, fields and parks. Rod forms sustainable mycodes with deciduous or coniferous trees of forest arrays of the European part of Russia, France, Italy, Portugal, Poland, Germany, Denmark, Belarus, Spain and other worldwide countries. It is found in the territory of Western and East Asia. Populations of talkers are marked in Turkey, China, Primorsky Krai. Separate species grow on the expanses of the North American continent.

Useful properties of Govorushek

Edible types of govascus are used to prepare soups, sauces, they are also used in fried or stew. Hovorchka smoke can even sore or dry. The fruit bodies of the fungi of this kind are used as low-calorie products, without which there is not a single professional diet undemnical.

• Hats of young edible govascus contain in their composition vitamins of group B, as well as macro- and microelements, being real storage copper, zinc and manganese.
• The pulp of govarus helps to bring accumulated slags from the body.
• The optimal ratio of plant proteins, vitamins, fiber, amino acids and mineral substances allows to reduce the risk of various diseases. Gift mushrooms reduce the content of cholesterol plaques in blood vessels, the use of them in food has a beneficial effect on the state of the digestive system.
• In addition, in folk and official medicine, antibacterial properties of the govarus are used. Honor decoction is used to remove tuberculosis manifestations, and the substance contained in them is included in the preparations for the treatment of epilepsy.

Harm Hovwick

It should be remembered that govari, like all mushrooms, can accumulate various toxins and heavy metals in the pulp. Therefore, it is impossible to use talkers in food from industrial enterprises and roads, as this can lead to food poisoning.

Poisoning poisonous govasci

In the pulp of poisonous govascus, a rather large amount contains a strong toxin, which is called muscarine. Symptoms of poisoning with govascus appear for a maximum of 3 hours:

• disorder of normal operation of the gastrointestinal tract, expressed in strong nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and spasmodic abbreviations of the stomach and intestines;
• violation of the function of the cardiovascular system, manifested by a sharp decrease in blood pressure and the occurrence of sinus bradycardia;
• increased salivation and sweating;
• difficulty of normal respiration, expressed in the form of bronchospasms or asthmatic manifestations;
• the most dangerous poisonous mushroom from the genus Clototsybe is a govaruska foughtful, it is stuck. Her flesh has a pleasant taste and smell. Often symptoms of poisoning practically do not manifest. However, on the fifth day, a person who hung up these mushrooms may die due to kidney failure.

There is usually no influence on the nervous system of tampering. The states of anxiety and unfortunate fear arise against the background of the general condition of the body. At the first signs of the withdrawal poisoning, you need to immediately apply to ambulance.

• Some kinds of govascus, for example, hacking reddish (Clitocybe Rivulosa) are capable of radiating a weak glow of pale green.
• Many types of govascus grow groups that form peculiar circles on the ground surface. Previously, their appearance was associated with manifestations of unclean strength. It was believed that in such places witch or other evil spirits at night they organized their dances.
• Contrary to the current centuries, the traditions of the Russian feast mushrooms are not compatible with alcoholic beverages. Combined consumption can lead to heavy food poisoning.