How does smoking affect the body. How smoking affects the human body. Negative effect on the body

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Smoking and coronary heart disease

Can I smoke when coronary heart disease (CHD)?

Smoking in patients with ischemic heart disease is completely unacceptable, even in small quantities.

Smoking is a dangerous and widespread risk factor for coronary heart disease. According to various authors, when smoking, the risk of getting sick increases 2–7 times, smokers get myocardial infarction 2–6 times more often than non-smokers, and mortality increases 2–3 times among them. Among smokers in patients with coronary heart disease 5 times more often there is a sudden death on the background of external well-being than among non-smokers.

The harmful effect of tobacco on the cardiovascular system is as follows: smoking stimulates the release of highly active substances (adrenaline, norepinephrine, etc.) into the bloodstream, which in high concentrations contribute to damage to the vascular wall (its inner layer is especially affected).

This facilitates the penetration of cholesterol, triglycerides and other lipids into it from the blood and leads to the development of an atherosclerotic process in the arterial system, including in the coronary arteries, which contributes to the occurrence and progression of coronary heart disease. It is believed that in a person with a long history of smoking, the arteries wear out 10-15 years earlier than in non-smokers.

Smoking increases the number of heart contractions (one cigarette smoked increases the pulse by about 8-10 beats per minute), increases blood pressure, increases the load on the heart, and the need for oxygen in the myocardium, which is very dangerous for functionally defective coronary arteries in patients with coronary artery disease.

It is known that smoking also contributes to spasms of blood vessels (especially coronary arteries, vessels of the lower extremities), an increase in blood viscosity and a tendency to thrombosis, damaging the myocardium.

When inhaling tobacco smoke in the blood, the content of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) rises and the oxygen content decreases. Therefore, in smokers, the delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle is sharply disrupted, which is extremely important for the activity of the heart with narrowed coronary arteries, with its insufficient blood supply in patients with coronary heart disease.

Often patients complain that during smoking there is an attack of angina pectoris. There are cases when severe attacks and even death occurred in patients with coronary artery disease immediately after smoking.

Often, smokers are affected by the vessels of the lower extremities (atherosclerosis, obliterating endoarteritis), which causes serious disturbances in the blood supply to the legs. In such patients, pain first occurs in the muscles of the legs when walking, then at rest. In advanced cases, severe eating disorders of the extremities are observed, up to the appearance of ulcers. And only persistent treatment can save the leg from amputation.

When tobacco burns, harmful substances are released that have a detrimental effect not only on the heart and blood arteries, but also on many other organs and systems of the human body.

Regular long-term smoking contributes to the development of serious diseases:

Cancer of the lungs, bronchi, larynx, oral cavity, cave gland,
   - stomach, kidneys, bladder, etc .;
   - chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, pneumosclerosis,
   - emphysema;
   - chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
   - endocrine system disorder (affects the gonads, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, etc.);
   - adversely affects the nervous system.

Smoking is called delayed suicide.

Chronic tobacco smoke poisoning reduces performance, increases morbidity, often leads to early disability, and reduces life expectancy. Smokers harm not only themselves, but also those around them who are non-smokers (the so-called passive smokers).

The accumulation of tobacco smoke (tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, etc.) in closed rooms causes disorders of various organs and systems in non-smokers.

Smoking cessation in patientscoronary heart disease delays progressive diseases, reduces the risk of further development of myocardial infarction, sudden death, has a beneficial effect on health.

Female body and smoking

Among women, smoking began to spread after World War II. We can say that now the number of smokers is growing mainly due to women. In industrialized countries, 20 to 40% of women (especially young) smoke along with 30-50% of men.

Smoking among female adolescents is spreading more and more in most countries, and in many European countries the percentage of smokers among girls is higher than among boys.

Fashion and ignorance about the dangers of smoking are the main causes of this disaster. Young women do not imagine what retribution awaits them.

Previously, when smoking among women was not as widespread as it is now, women practically did not suffer from cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. Now this is not so. Smoking women die from these ailments in the same way as men.

For example, in Scotland and Japan, mortality from lung cancer among women is higher than that from breast cancer, while in the United States it has equaled breast cancer as the leading cause of death from cancer.

It is important to emphasize the causative dependence of lung cancer on smoking. So, in the USA over the past 20 years, mortality from lung cancer among non-smokers has not changed, and over the same period among smokers it has increased 5 times.

It has been established that nicotine has a stronger effect on the heart of a woman than on the heart of a man. An avid smoker has a 3 times higher risk of developing myocardial infarction than an avid man.

Women who smoke often experience headaches, weakness, and fatigue quickly occurs. According to world statistics, 30% of women smokers suffer from thyroid hypertrophy.

The frequency of this disease in non-smokers does not exceed 5%. Often, smoking women have symptoms characteristic of a basic disease: palpitations, irritability, sweating. Nicotine changes the regulation of complex physiological processes in the female genital area.

Acting on the ovaries, it disrupts their function in metabolism. This sometimes leads to an increase in body weight, but more often to its loss. For fear of being overweight, a woman may start smoking or continue to smoke, unfortunately, forgetting about many other, much more harmful consequences.

Tobacco smoking leads to a decrease in sexual desire. Nicotine, acting on the ovaries, can cause menstrual irregularities and even the cessation of menstruation. Under the influence of smoking (one pack per day), due to a decrease in immunological processes in women, the incidence of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs increases, a common cause of infertility.

By smoking, a woman is exposed to a 2 times greater risk of an ectopic pregnancy, a risk of dysmenorrhea and cervical cancer, and also provokes the onset of menopause (2 years earlier).

The harmful effect of tobacco on the body is universal, but it is especially detrimental to the body of pregnant women. When pregnant women smokes a, her baby smokes. Smoking has a negative effect on the course of pregnancy, childbirth, as well as on the condition of children born.

This is a premature birth, profuse loss of blood during childbirth. Gynecologists note that smoking before pregnancy also negatively affects the onset of pregnancy. In pregnant smokers, the placenta is less supplied with blood, often there is a low attachment of the placenta to the uterus. leading to complications during childbirth.

It was established that in pregnant women - habitual smokers - the fetal heart rate increases: nicotine penetrates the placenta and has a toxic effect on the fetus. When smoking every minute, 18% of the nicotine entering the body of the pregnant woman enters the fetus, and only 10% is excreted.

Nicotine is excreted more slowly from the fetus than from the mother. Thus, there is an accumulation of nicotine in the blood of the fetus. Here its content is greater than in the mother’s blood. Nicotine penetrates the blood of the fetus and through the amniotic fluid. Even when smoking 2-3 cigarettes a day, the amniotic fluid of the pregnant woman contains nicotine.

Nicotine causes an increased contraction of the muscles of the uterus. provoking miscarriages, as well as mortality of offspring (68%). Pregnant women who smoke are twice as likely as non-smokers to have spontaneous abortions and the birth of dead children. various developmental anomalies. An increased risk of congenital malformations has been established in proportion to the number of cigarettes smoked daily by a woman.

Swedish scientists have revealed a significant predominance of smokers in the group of women who gave birth to children with cleft palate and cleft lip. It was found that the body weight of children born to smoking mothers is 300 g less. Children born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy often have altered body reactivity, a weak, unstable nervous system.

The harm of smoking affects the development of the child if, after childbirth, the mother continues to smoke. Nicotine and other toxic substances enter the body of the child with mother’s milk, which causes serious changes in the most important physiological systems of the child’s body. Such babies do not develop well, they are weaker than their peers, more often (2 times) they suffer from colds (bronchitis and pneumonia, allergic diseases).

It has also been established that in women smokers, children are born with a predisposition to atherosclerosis, intellectual deficiency and addiction to tobacco in the future.

The mother woman is a role model for smoking for her children. In families where parents do not smoke, only 9% of boys and 11% of girls are involved in smoking, and where parents smoke, 67% of boys and 78% of girls.

In developed countries, more than 8,000 babies die every year due to smoking by their mother, father, and other family members.

Smoking women has negative aesthetic consequences: it has a bad effect on the skin. As a result of vasospasm from nicotine, there is a reduction in blood circulation in the skin and its supply of oxygen, and this contributes to the formation of wrinkles and premature aging.

Smoke settles on the skin, leaving an unpleasant odor and clogging the pores. The hair is also affected, since the blood supply to the scalp decreases, smoke settles on them. Hair becomes brittle. Conjunctivitis is more likely to occur due to eye irritation by smoke. The appearance of the teeth suffers from deposits of nicotine and resins. Smoking also increases the risk of gum degradation.

It is easy to recognize a smoking girl or woman by the pale, stale face skin with early wrinkles, an unpleasant hoarse voice, and tobacco breath. On the hand holding a cigarette, nails and fingers turn yellow. Before the time, the whole organism is aging: a woman loses her attractiveness.

The effects of secondhand smoke on humans

Previously, passive smoking was associated only with the appearance in people of non-smokers of a number of symptoms (headaches, dizziness, irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, etc.), which cause certain discomfort and reduce performance, but in recent years it has been proved in various studies that it can cause the occurrence of some serious diseases.

“Exhausted” tobacco smoke contains approximately the same components as smoke entering the lungs when smoking. Being within an hour in a poorly ventilated, smoky room, a person inhales on average the same amount of harmful substances that he would have received by smoking 4 cigarettes.

As it turns out, smokers find themselves even in a slightly more advantageous position, since a cigarette filter holds up to 20% of various smoke components, while non-smokers have to inhale unfiltered smoke.

The fact is that together with smoke, 40-50% of toxic substances (nicotine, carbon monoxide, etc.) get into the environment, and their concentration in the air very quickly creates a concentration dangerous to human health - 0.5 mg / m3. Even in a ventilated room for only 1 hour from seven cigarettes smoked, the concentration of CO in the air reaches 20 * 10 -6 (the maximum permissible level at industrial enterprises is 50 * 10 -6).

With its high electric potential, tobacco smoke builds up around people. As a result, a non-smoker is exposed to both the smoke of a burning cigarette and the smoke exhaled by a smoker. It was established, in addition, that the smoker inhales more uniform particles of tobacco smoke than those that fall into the lungs of passive smokers.

In the process of burning a cigarette, the temperature of the tobacco smoke entering the environment becomes lower. As a result, the concentration of harmful organic substances (ammonia, gasoline, CO, nicotine) and a number of carcinogens increases per unit of burnt tobacco.

Of particular danger are the combination of aerosol particles of tobacco smoke with radon, which accumulates in closed rooms. This is especially significant in residential buildings, where its concentration can exceed the norm by 100 or more times.

It is established that radon enters homes from the soil through cracks in the foundations and through ventilation shafts. It accumulates in poorly ventilated areas, creating a risk of lung cancer.

The compounds of the carcinogens of tobacco smoke and aerosols of radon lead to simultaneous effects on the human body and, therefore, increase the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, the presence of even one smoker in the house significantly increases the levels of airborne particles of tobacco smoke, radon and other carcinogens.

The effect of tobacco smoke on non-smokers is determined by both the length of time spent in the environment containing tobacco smoke and the concentration of tobacco smoke contained in this environment. It is important to note that on average, people spend 80-90% of their time indoors.

13 epidemiological studies on the effects of second-hand smoke on lung cancer have confirmed a 35% increase in lung cancer risk among non-smokers living with non-smokers. Lung cancer occurs in 1/3 of non-smokers who live with smokers, and in 1/4 among other non-smokers.

Children are especially sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke. A case of fatal carbon monoxide poisoning of a 7-month-old child as a result of smoking by parents is described (father - 30-40 cigarettes per day, mother - 5 cigarettes).

Accumulated data on the relatively high prevalence of cancer among children whose parents smoke. The frequency of complaints of cough and sputum in non-smoking students in grades 5–10 is progressively increasing with an increase in the number of smokers in the family.

The same tendency is observed in relation to complaints of shortness of breath with mild exertion. Respiratory difficulties and the presence of shortness of breath in childhood and adolescence can serve as the basis for the development of further serious chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems.

In children - passive smokers, especially in young children, acute pneumonia and acute respiratory viral infections are more difficult to treat, often a tendency to their more prolonged course is noted.

When comparing the number of smokers in the family with the incidence of respiratory diseases in children, it turned out that in families with one smoker, 68.35% of children were often ill. Where there were two smokers, only 16.24% were practically healthy, and 83.76% of children suffered from frequent bronchopulmonary diseases.

In the families in which the three smoked, there was not a single practically healthy child: they all suffered from repeated pneumonia, frequent bronchitis. The most vulnerable are children - passive smokers under the age of 5 years.

This fact is explained not only by the age-related characteristics of their respiratory systems, but also by the fact that most of them are in the parents' bedroom during the first years of life.

Materials provided by the World Health Organization indicate that smoking cessation could reduce mortality:

From bronchitis and emphysema of the lungs at 10%;
   - from lung cancer - by 19%;
   - from coronary heart disease by 31%;
   - from other cardiovascular diseases by 21%;
   - from all other diseases - by 19%.

Dalasyuk R.I., Kamrat L.P., Shevchuk T.F.

Tobacco smoke, unfortunately, contains not only nicotine, but also many other harmful substances. Wrong one who believes that the harmful effects of tobacco is determined only by nicotine. Of course, nicotine, as a poison of a neurogenic nature, carries enormous harm to the body. But do not forget that it contains more than 4 thousand toxic substances that, to varying degrees, have a harmful effect on the body. No wonder they say that smoking a cigarette is equivalent to a person breathing in car exhausts. The point of application of all these poisons is the cellular level at which they cause irreversible destructive changes.

Sad statistics

Among the women of our country, each of 11-12 female representatives smokes. Among men, 58% of the stronger sex are friends with a cigarette. Moreover, the experience of the heavy smoker is far rather long in its duration. The addiction haunts him for 15-20 years of life.

Naturally, an irreconcilable struggle is waged against this phenomenon at the state level. Advertising of cigarettes is forbidden, age for their sale is limited. In some places, smoking is completely prohibited. Anti-tobacco advertising is widely used, including packaging in which cigarettes are sold.

This is not accidental. This social evil is the cause of high mortality from diseases caused by the entry of tobacco smoke into the body. Statistics data speak for themselves:

The annual mortality from pathology due to smoking is more than 450 thousand people.
Smokers are more likely to die at the age of 40-45.
In the working-age population, one in five people suffers from a disease caused by smoking.

A similar problem is characteristic not only for our country, but also for the whole world. It is hard to imagine, but every 5 seconds from smoking in the world 1 person dies.

Smoking is the cause of hypoxia

Tobacco smoke acts selectively on the respiratory system. With an increase in smoking history, a condition called hypoxia gradually forms. Its main manifestation is a lack of oxygen with all the ensuing consequences. In the body when smoking comes from the atmosphere is not oxygen, but carbon monoxide.

Schematically, the process of tissue respiration can be represented as follows:

When oxygen enters together with the inhaled air, it binds to the hemoglobin of the blood. As a result of this, a compound is formed, which is called oxyhemoglobin.
Due to the transport function of blood, the final destination for its delivery are various tissues.
After oxyhemoglobin reaches the final point of its path, it undergoes decay. This releases the oxygen in it.

Replacing oxygen with carbon monoxide leads to the fact that instead of oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin is formed - a substance that is extremely harmful to the body. Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin three hundred times faster in comparison with oxygen. At the same time, its decay is much slower, and, therefore, it has a more harmful effect.

The formation of carboxyhemoglobin leads to a chronic lack of oxygen. Hypoxia forms a symptom such as shortness of breath. At first, it can manifest itself during physical activity, then it can be observed at rest. Important organs instead of oxygen receive carbon monoxide. Naturally, the suffering of their function is observed from this.

The process of urbanization has led to a deterioration in the quality of the atmosphere in large cities. This phenomenon is inevitable and is one of the components of the process of scientific and technological progress. You have to pay for everything in life. Even if a resident of a large city does not smoke at all, then his blood contains carbon monoxide (CO) in an amount of 0.92%. It is worth smoking only one cigarette, as this amount will increase by 6 times.

If smoking is intense, then the content of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood reaches 18%. If this figure reaches 20%, symptoms appear from the side of impaired brain function. The heavy smoker is familiar with these symptoms:

Dyspeptic symptoms occur, the smoker often has nausea.
Headache appears.
Dry coughing attacks may occur with pain in the chest.
The heart begins to beat much more often.
Pressure rises, a sensation of ripple is noted in the temples.

When a cigarette is smoked, not all tobacco smoke enters the lungs of a smoker, but only 20% of its quantity. The remaining 80% are in the room or in the surrounding atmosphere. It is not necessary to smoke a cigarette yourself. One has only to breathe this smoke and become a passive smoker. But a person inhales all the same harmful substances into the body as one that does not release a cigarette from his mouth.

It is no coincidence that a lot of attention is paid to passive smoking. If the family has at least one smoker, the nicotine content in various biological media can already be found in other members. This includes blood, urine, saliva, and other substrates. With passive smoking, the nicotine content in them can reach up to 2%.

As a result of secondhand smoke, there is a decrease in the working volume of the lungs to 10%. Atherosclerotic processes begin to proceed more intensively. This entails the emergence of a number of undesirable conditions:

Infant mortality is increasing.
The birth rate of children with a deficit in body weight is increasing.

Cancer incidence is growing rapidly:

women have breast cancer;
increased risk of brain cancer in childhood;
diseases of bronchial asthma become a frequent companion.

Destructive processes in the brain are intensively developing, and the result is senile dementia in people older than 50 years.

Cardiovascular disease

As a result of smoking, processes leading to an increase in blood viscosity are observed. This entails an increased risk of blood clots. And this is the cause of heart attacks. To push the viscous blood of a smoker through the vessels, the heart is forced to work with greater intensity. It speeds up its contractions, hence the pronounced tachycardia. With ischemia of the heart, the left ventricle is hypertrophied, peripheral blood pressure rises.

Heart palpitations are also due to the fact that tobacco smoke provokes the release of more adrenaline and dopamine into the blood. Of course, the heart is just a muscle, not an iron bar, and wears out quickly. It cannot work for a long time with a heavy load. Sooner or later it openly declares itself.

A smoker develops pains of varying intensity in a cardiac projection. Sometimes the pains are piercing in nature like dagger pain. The heart works at an accelerated rate. All these phenomena are due to hypoxia, which develops due to the presence of carboxyhemoglobin formed under the influence of tobacco smoke.

Vascular apparatus

Under the influence of carboxyhemoglobin, the arteries are in a state of constant spasm. In addition, nicotine is a powerful vascular poison. It selectively acts on the endothelial tissue, which is so rich in blood vessels. This leads to the deposition in the wall of the vessel and its lumen of plaques of atherosclerotic origin. In other words, the phenomena of atherosclerosis become apparent.

The blood of a smoker is abundantly saturated with prostaglandins, and they are known to be inflammation factors. They further enhance atherosclerotic phenomena.

Smoking, as a factor in the development of atherosclerosis, leads to the following phenomena in the body:

Increases pressure associated with kidney damage (hypertension of a renovascular nature).
Affected arteries of the brain carry a risk of ischemic stroke.
Cardiac vessels are destroyed, which entails the development of angina pectoris.

Under the influence of nicotine, an atherosclerotic plaque can rupture. As a result, its contents pass into the lumen of the vessel and may clog it. This site does not receive the necessary amount of blood, and with it oxygen, being exposed to the phenomena of necrosis. In other words, a heart attack develops.

Nicotine does not disregard peripheral blood vessels. Often, it is the cause of the development of obliterating endarteritis. In smokers, a persistent narrowing of the vessels of the foot area is observed. The main symptom of this disease is intermittent claudication. The result is sad and consists in the development of gangrene and amputation of the foot.

Skin, sensory organs, brain

There is not a single organ in the human body that does not suffer from the effects of nicotine.

Organ of vision
Nicotine significantly affects its function:

Perhaps the development of angiopathy of the retina. This is due to insufficient blood supply. In addition, small vessels are constantly in a state of spasm.
It is quite possible the occurrence of tobacco amblyopia. It can be observed, including with passive smoking.
The formation of cataracts of the eye.
The presence of allergic conjunctivitis.

Organ of hearing
Nicotine is also not ignored, and this important organ for humans:

Under the influence of smoking, the occurrence and development of sensorineural hearing loss occurs.
There is a deterioration in the ability to perceive speech.

Leather
Nicotine has a pronounced effect on the skin and appendages of the skin:

Due to insufficient blood supply, the skin becomes dry, its elasticity is lost, which leads to the early appearance of wrinkles.
The face takes on a gray tint.
Hair loses its stability, and a tendency to hair loss appears. In addition, they lose their luster, splendor, begin to break.

Tooth tissue
The smoker provokes the appearance of changes in the structure of the dental tissue:

The color of the teeth turns yellow.
Gums lose their health. Their bleeding may appear.
Teeth may fall out. About half of smokers aged 40 lose all natural teeth.

central nervous system
Brain tissue is very sensitive to nicotine. Smoking can cause a number of negative conditions:

Sleep disturbance and the formation of persistent insomnia.
The appearance of headaches.
The development of atherosclerotic phenomena in the brain tissue.
Increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
The risk of developing oncological pathology of brain structures increases.

Reproductive function

Smoking contributes to the development of infertility. Among female smokers, 42% of women are affected by this condition. The likelihood of miscarriages increases. Under the influence of nicotine, the quality of the egg decreases. The period of reproductive function is reduced. In men, smoking is one of the significant reasons for the development of erectile dysfunction. Nicotine also affects the quality of the seed stock.

In conclusion, it should be said that smoking is a social evil. Nicotine negatively affects literally every cell in our body. This addiction can and should be fought. The smoker must opt \u200b\u200bfor abandoning this habit. Having gathered the will into a fist, it is quite possible to abandon it. Otherwise, then it will be just too late.

Video: how smoking affects the human body

Does your child smoke? Alexander Alexandrovich Alexandrov

Myth 11. Smoking contributes to the development of only a few diseases, and it’s too late to give up cigarettes after many years of smoking - you can’t improve your health

Saying this, people forget that tobacco is to blame not only in most cases of lung cancer, but also in diseases such as cancer of the larynx, kidney, stomach, and leukemia. We have already written about the many pathologies caused by smoking. However, there is no such thing as a statute of limitations for those who wish to abandon the harmful effects of their many years of habit.

No matter what age you quit smoking, your health benefits are certain. It is known that nicotine begins to be eliminated from the body within two hours after quitting tobacco, after 12 hours the level of carbon monoxide in the blood normalizes, and the person ceases to feel lack of air. Within two days, taste and smell will become sharper, and after 12 weeks it will be noticeably easier for a person to walk and run due to improvements in the circulatory system. Up to 9 months, it is necessary for breathing problems to disappear - coughing and shortness of breath.

Within 5 years, the risk of myocardial infarction will decrease by about half. It has been proven that smoking cessation before the age of 50 years halves the risk of many diseases associated with smoking.

We should not forget about another, purely economic benefit: how much money you save and can spend on more pleasant and useful things!

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Can smoking improve health? No, not at all, our Ministry of Health warns on every pack of cigarettes. Like the US chief surgeon. And any sane physician, even if he smokes himself, knows that this health habit does not bode well. How do you order

Cigarettes help people relieve stress temporarily. Nicotine even has a mild analgesic effect. But the consequences of addiction can be very dangerous for health, incommensurable with a minute of pleasure. From school, children are taught that smoking is harmful. At the same time, the number of heavy smokers in the world is growing every year. However, mortality from diseases caused by tobacco addiction is constantly increasing.

Each smoked cigarette shortens life by 10-11 minutes. This statement has long been proven by scientists who have conducted hundreds of studies. The most famous diseases of smokers are lung and larynx cancer, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis. But the real list is much longer. The toxic compounds contained in one small cigarette have a destructive effect on almost every internal organ. But even this information does not stop smokers.

First of all, the lungs are exposed to nicotine. They experience stress, their capacity decreases, and air alveoli gradually collapse in the bronchi. This leads to shortness of breath, more superficial than in a healthy person. Then harmful substances are absorbed into the bloodstream and spread throughout all cells of the body, causing disruption of the organs.

Within a few minutes after smoking a cigarette, the vessels suffer from severe spasm, the pressure rises by 5-10% of the age norm, and the heartbeat increases. There is an increased production of cholesterol, which accumulates on the walls of blood vessels in the form of fatty plaques, significantly narrowing the lumen. Because of this, the heart muscle wears out faster, blood circulation is disturbed.

These processes and the action of toxic chemical compounds lead to the development of diseases of varying severity.

Tuberculosis

To pathologies caused by smoking, often include "consumption". Direct smoking does not affect the development of the disease. But it contributes to the inhibition of the protective functions of the mucous membranes, epithelium of the lungs and bronchi, their damage. It turns out that nicotine creates favorable conditions for the penetration of Koch's bacillus (the causative agent of tuberculosis), its active growth and reproduction in tissues.

The frequency of infection in smokers is several times higher than in people leading a healthy lifestyle.

The danger of tuberculosis lies in the absence of pronounced symptoms. Often, patients believe that they have a normal cough. Moreover, they are a source of infection for all people around.

Statistics say that smoking is the main factor that provokes the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Carcinogens contained in smoke and combustion products, cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the bronchopulmonary system, impair the functioning of the epithelial layer. Accumulating in the body, they lead to impaired blood circulation and cell renewal. Then, deformation and replacement of healthy cylindrical epithelial cells begins on flat, multilayer ones.

According to research, it is clear that the incidence of this terrible disease in regular passive smokers is 1.5 to 2 times higher. Irreversible processes lead to slow destruction of the lungs and death.

The occurrence of the disease depends largely on the experience of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Prolonged exposure to nicotine and other toxic carcinogens with each cigarette increases the number of disorders that occur in the lungs. At the same time, the work of the epithelium is inhibited in the bronchi, which is responsible for their purification. This also contributes to the transformation of healthy cells into malignant.

Obstructive pulmonary disease

The disease begins with a banal cough, and in advanced cases it can lead to death.

The disease develops gradually. When smoked, the body secretes enzymes that break down toxic substances. In this process, healthy tissue cells also suffer. Over time, scars form in the bronchi. Connective tissue gradually replaces healthy epithelial. In this case, the organ loses its elasticity, and the patient cannot take deep breaths. In severe cases, serious respiratory failure occurs.

The danger is that the symptoms of the disease begin to appear when irreversible changes in the bronchi begin. The patient develops shortness of breath during the simplest physical exercises, for example, when walking slowly. The inability to fully breathe deeply leads to the development of oxygen starvation of the whole organism, which is manifested by weakness, dizziness, migraines.

Laryngeal cancer

With a violation of the mucous membrane of the throat, the likelihood of developing an oncological process is extremely high. Toxic substances with smoke irritate and disrupt the mucous membrane. This leads to cell degeneration. The first symptoms of the disease are difficulty swallowing, a lump in the throat.

Obliterating Endarteritis

Vascular diseases of the lower extremities suffer from Buerger’s disease (the second name for obliterating endarteritis). Smoking causes spasm, narrowing of the lumen of the veins and arteries. This leads to their blockage. The walls of the vessels become less elastic, stretch in weak areas. The blood supply to the legs is disturbed.

The first symptoms of the disease are blanching of the skin over the affected vessels, coldness and numbness of the fingers. The process progresses rapidly and pain appears during exertion. The main symptom of endarteritis is intermittent claudication. It is characterized by frequent patient stops when walking for respite. In the initial stages, the pain goes away after a short rest, later it manifests itself even at rest.

The result of the running process is gangrene. Due to blockage of blood vessels, blood stops flowing into the tissue, and they begin to die. The only treatment for dead cells is limb amputation.

Heart attack

Processes associated with the harmful effects of toxins on the body affect the cardiovascular system. Under the influence of nicotine spasm of blood vessels occurs, increased cholesterol production. Fatty plaques form on the walls of veins and arteries, which greatly narrow the lumen. Due to the lack of oxygen supply in the myocardium, disorders begin to occur that provoke a heart attack.

The risk of vascular blockage in the brain in smokers is 9 times higher than in those who are not prone to addiction.

The condition is characterized by severe pain in the chest, giving under the shoulder blade, to the left arm or neck, a feeling of panic fear, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness. If the affected area is too large, then the person dies. With a small area of \u200b\u200bthe violation, a scar appears on the myocardium, which in the future does not allow it to fully contract. Smokers have a risk of recurring heart attack 5-6 times higher, and the likelihood of death is as much greater.

The disease develops due to blockage of cerebral vessels or hemorrhage. In this case, cell death occurs. Smoking is the main factor in the occurrence of this pathology. Chemical compounds in the process of burning a cigarette, penetrating into the blood, cause an increase in blood pressure, narrowing of blood vessels, loss of their elasticity, and blood thickening. These processes lead to a stroke.

The outcome of the disease depends on which part of the brain has been affected. In most cases, people remain disabled. There is a loss of hearing or vision, paralysis of the limbs.

Stomach ulcer

Nicotine inhibits the body's immune functions, increases the production of acid in the stomach, disrupts the mucous membrane, which serves as a protective barrier. Gastric juice begins to attack unprotected tissues, forming ulcers.

The main symptoms of the disease are heartburn, pain, nausea, and frequent burping.

Ulcerous processes are dangerous for their complications:

bleeding;
the degeneration of healthy cells into malignant.

Impotence

Toxins reduce the production of male hormones responsible for sexual activity. They also cause vasoconstriction due to spasm and atherosclerotic plaques on their walls. This leads to impotence.

Smoking also affects sperm formation. Under the influence of toxic substances, the number of viable spermatozoa decreases. Therefore, smokers often face the problem of conceiving a child.

Female reproductive system diseases

For women, tobacco smoke has an even greater effect. Smoking is a risk of developing the following pathologies:

The death of healthy eggs. This leads to the inability to conceive a baby;
The occurrence of late toxicosis (gestosis) when smoking in late pregnancy;
Miscarriage, fading of the fetus in the early stages, intrauterine death in the last trimester;

Beginning of preterm birth.

Cataract

Oxygen starvation of body tissues due to the harmful effects of smoking leads to a violation of metabolic biochemical processes in all organs. Eyes are no exception. There is a gradual destruction of protein components and clouding of the lens. This process impairs vision and often leads to its absolute loss.

In advanced cases, cataracts can be cured only by replacing the lens.

This list of diseases caused by the harmful effects of substances released during smoldering cigarettes is far from complete. Fortunately, giving up a bad habit in most cases will restore health.

Smoking contributes to the development of diseases of all organs of the body. Its harmful effects are the reproductive functions of men and women, the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary systems, and the brain.

What is the cause of pathologies in smokers

When smoking cigarettes in the lungs, and then into the blood, thousands of harmful chemicals that slowly begin to kill from the inside. 400 of them belong to the group of toxic substances, and 60 - have the status of powerful carcinogens.

A large amount of harmful substances enters the smoker's body with smoke, some of which have the ability to provoke the growth of malignant neoplasms.

The danger to society lies in the fact that the smoker harms not only himself, but also the people around him. Scientists have proved that a person who is in a smoky room breathes a several times greater concentration of poisons than a tobacco user.

The composition of cigarette smoke:

Nicotine. This is the main component that causes addiction. It also provokes vasospasm, increased blood pressure, the production of bad cholesterol and its accumulation on the walls of veins and arteries;

Resins Their concentration is always indicated on a pack next to nicotine. A viscous substance envelops the bronchi from the inside, inhibits their work, causes a constant cough;
Tar (tar). It provokes the development of cancer;
Arsenic. Poison that is used in the fight against rodents;
Heavy metals. They have carcinogenic properties, disrupt the activity of the kidneys, liver, stomach;
Formaldehydes. Mummify living cells, used in morgues;
Polonium. One of the radioactive isotopes causes cancer of the blood, kidneys, stomach;
Carbon monoxide. A deadly chemical compound, provokes hypoxia of all body cells, inhibition of metabolic processes in the body;
Hydrocyanic acid. Poisonous substance, paralyzes the respiratory system.

Topic video

The army of smokers has exceeded 1.3 billion people and continues to increase. And this is despite the fact that almost 5 million people die every year from smoking. Damage like a cigarette does not cause humanity a single war or epidemic. But people stubbornly continue to pay millions of dollars for killing them.

The first cigarette brings no pleasure to anyone. After smoking, unpleasant sensations appear: dizziness, nausea, cough. But if for some reason a person decided to continue smoking, the body gets used to nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke. The first months of smoking can cause mild euphoria, mobilize internal resources, or vice versa, soothe. But over time, these sensations disappear. Nicotine, although it is naturally poisonous (toxin), is involved in metabolism. Simply put, the body gets used to the fact that this substance is constantly in the blood. When its concentration decreases, the nervous system gives a signal that it is time to replenish supplies. Then there is a desire to smoke another cigarette. Most often, from the first cigarette to the formation of nicotine addiction or tobacco addiction takes 1 year.

How does smoking affect the human body?

Tobacco smoke consists of 4000 components. The most famous of these are nicotine and tar. But other components are no less dangerous: poisons, radioactive substances, heavy metals. Do not hope that you are protected by a cigarette filter. Even the most modern of them capture only 20% of the substances contained in the smoke.

How do harmful substances enter the body?

When you drag on, the temperature at the tip of the cigarette reaches 800 degrees. Under such conditions, dry distillation of tobacco occurs. This means that the inhaled air, passing through a layer of heated tobacco, carries with it volatile substances and the smallest solid particles. They with a stream of air penetrate the mouth, trachea of \u200b\u200bthe bronchi and enter the alveoli of the lungs. Due to the fact that tobacco smoke is an aerosol of fine particles, they quickly reach the most distant parts of the respiratory system. Through the wall of the alveoli, penetrated by the vessels, harmful substances easily penetrate into the blood and are carried throughout the body. So, 8 seconds after the first puff, the brain already feels the effect of nicotine on itself.

Components of Tobacco Smoke	Their effect on the body	Effects of exposure
Nicotine - one of the strongest drugs, a toxic alkaloid addictive along with heroin. This poison is the natural defense of the plant from being eaten by animals.	Affects acetylcholine receptors, resulting in increased secretion of adrenaline. This substance causes: acceleration of the heartbeat, narrowing of blood vessels, rapid breathing, increased pressure, activation of metabolic processes. It has a stimulating effect on the nervous system: attention concentration and performance increase, short-term memory improves, anxiety disappears, and pleasure centers in the brain are stimulated. But after 20 minutes, the concentration of nicotine in the blood begins to decline. This is accompanied by inhibition of the brain, inhibition of thought processes. Smoker's acetylcholine receptors get used to nicotine stimulation. The absence of it in the blood causes discomfort.	The first reaction is brain stimulation, increased concentration of attention and reaction speed, moderate euphoria. Then the excitement is replaced by inhibition: inhibition of thinking, weakness of skeletal muscles, trembling in the hands. In smokers, brain cells die faster than in other people. There is a theory that nicotine can cause schizophrenia. From the cardiovascular system: heart attack, stroke, aortic aneurysm, arterial hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease. Digestive system: circulatory failure leads to gastritis and peptic ulcer, the formation of gallstones. Cancerous tumors. Nicotine changes the structure of cell DNA and causes cancer. Nicotine leads to the development of mental and physical dependence.
Tobacco tarcomposed of aromatic substances and resin.	They contain substances that cause mutations in the cells, leading to the formation of malignant tumors. Resins condense and are deposited on the teeth, the mucous membrane of the mouth, the vocal cords, the walls of the bronchi and in the alveoli of the lungs. They disrupt the ciliary epithelium responsible for cleansing the bronchi, damage the alveolar sacs. Particles of soot make the lungs susceptible to infectious diseases. Resins inhibit the functioning of the immune system. It does not kill bacteria and cancer cells efficiently enough.	Cracks and yellowing of tooth enamel. Hoarseness of voice, cough. Bronchitis and emphysema. The likelihood of pneumonia and tuberculosis increases. Malignant tumors of the larynx, esophagus, lungs.
Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) - a product of burning tobacco. It makes up 8% of tobacco smoke and is 200 times more active than oxygen is absorbed by hemoglobin.	In smokers, carbon monoxide combines with blood, taking the place of oxygen and causing oxygen starvation. The lack of oxygen affects the brain the most. Carbon monoxide has a toxic effect on nerve cells and disrupts the passage of a nerve signal through them. To provide organs with oxygen, the heart works with an increased load. Gradually, it increases in volume and wears out.	Memory impairment, decreased intelligence, exacerbation of mental illness, headaches, decreased sensitivity. Angina pectoris, arrhythmia. Myocardial infarction, cardiac asthma. Damage to the walls of the coronary arteries that provide the heart leads to heart attacks. Pneumonia.
Carcinogens: benzene, cadmium, aminobiphenyl, beryllium, arsenic, nickel, chromium.	Penetrate into the cell and damage the genetic material contained in the nucleus. As a result, there is an increased risk of the formation of malignant cells that give rise to cancerous tumors. Penetrating through the placenta, cause mutations in the fetus.	Cancer of the lips, tongue, larynx, esophagus, stomach, lungs. Physical and mental abnormalities in a child.
Hydrocyanic acid(hydrogen cyanide) is a toxic substance that interferes with the absorption of oxygen in tissues.	Deteriorates the supply of tissue with oxygen, disrupting its transmission from hemoglobin to the cell. It has a toxic effect on the nervous system. Together with ammonia, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde, it disrupts the ciliary epithelium of the bronchi, which is responsible for self-cleaning of the respiratory tract. This leads to an accumulation of tobacco tar in the lungs.	Mental abilities worsen. Increases the risk of heart attack. Emphysema.
Arsenic- deadly poison.	It has a toxic effect on the kidneys, digestive and nervous system. Damages the genetic material of cells, causing mutations and the development of malignant tumors.	Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. Loss of strength and muscle weakness. Cardiovascular failure. Oppression of the central nervous system, impaired thinking and memory. Cancerous tumors.
Radioactive components: lead-210, polonium-210, potassium-40, radium-226, thorium-228 and cesium-134.	They are absorbed into the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, becoming an internal source of radioactive radiation. Radioactive isotopes contribute to cell mutation and the appearance of cancerous tumors. In the first trimester of pregnancy, abnormalities in the development of the fetus are caused.	Provoke asthma. Toxic effects on the kidneys. May contribute to the development of toxic nephropathy. It makes bones brittle, leading to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. Abortion. Cancerous tumors.
Free radicals very active oxygen molecules lacking one electron.	Once in the body, they take away the electron from the molecules that make up the cells of the body, thereby damaging them and causing oxidative stress.	Premature aging of the skin, other organs and tissues. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease. Heart diseases, atherosclerosis, phlebitis, thrombosis. Chronic lung diseases. Cancerous tumors.
Nitrosamines highly toxic nitrogen compounds that are formed from tobacco alkaloids.	Change the structure of the DNA molecule and lead to the growth of cancer cells.	Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland, esophagus and lungs.

The main danger is that most substances found in tobacco are not excreted from the body, but accumulate in it. Thus, the more cigarettes you smoke and the more solid your experience as a smoker, the more harmful ingredients will affect you. For example, if you smoke for more than 10 years, then the likelihood of lung cancer and adenoma increases by 5 times. Therefore, the sooner you give up this addiction, the higher the chance to maintain health.

What is the harm of smoking?

Skin condition. Tobacco smoke contains a large amount of free radicals. They damage the molecules that make up skin cells, which leads to premature aging. Vascular spasm, which occurs 30-90 minutes after one cigarette is smoked, disrupts skin nutrition and slows collagen formation by 40%. Due to the deficiency of elastic fibers, the skin acquires a flabby, wrinkled appearance and a grayish tint.

The development of caries. A stream of hot air with tar particles damages the tooth enamel. It turns yellow and becomes covered by microcracks. Gradually, cracks increase, bacteria and acids penetrate into them, destroying the deeper layers of the tooth and causing caries. This leads to the fact that 45% of smokers over 65 do not have their own teeth. Among non-smokers, this figure is 2 times lower.

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. Tobacco smoke, saturated with caustic particles, irritates the mucous membrane of the mouth, larynx, trachea and bronchi causing its atrophy. It becomes thin and performs its protective functions worse. The villous epithelium, which should remove foreign particles and microorganisms, does not cope with its task. The lungs become clogged, favorable conditions are created for the reproduction of bacteria. Therefore, smokers often suffer from bronchitis and pneumonia. So, 90% of people with smoking experience of more than 7 years suffer from “smoker's bronchitis”.

Chronic pulmonary emphysema. In small bronchi and lung alveoli, tobacco tar is deposited. This substance leads to the destruction of cells. Small bronchioles subside and when you exhale, the pressure in the lungs increases dramatically. The walls of the alveoli become thinner and collapse, leading to the formation of cavities. The lung tissue ceases to be elastic and stretches, which leads to an increase in the volume of the chest. Gas exchange in the lungs is disturbed. They do not sufficiently enrich the blood with oxygen, the body experiences oxygen starvation. According to statistics, 9 out of 10 people with emphysema are smokers. The disease develops over 10-15 years if you smoke a pack of cigarettes per day.

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. From smoking, the production of saliva decreases, which partially neutralizes the effect of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Tobacco smoke causes the release of digestive juices in the stomach and small intestine, even if there is no food there. Active substances corrode the mucous membrane of the digestive system, leading to erosion. These minor injuries do not heal, but turn into ulcers due to poor blood supply and decreased immunity. Therefore, gastric ulcer in smokers occurs 2 times more often than their peers.

Poisoning of the nervous system. Nicotine is a poison that has a toxic effect on the nervous system. This toxin affects the nervous system: the brain and cells of the intermediate nerve nodes that control the functioning of internal organs. Nicotine disrupts the passage of nerve impulses from the brain to organs and muscles. This leads to a decrease in all types of sensitivity. Smokers do not feel the taste and aroma so clearly, their sense of touch is impaired, and chills are often observed. Violation of the nervous regulation leads to indigestion: constipation and painful intestinal cramps.

Stroke.In smokers, the risk of ischemic stroke (associated with circulatory disorders) is increased by 2 times. This is the result of a sharp narrowing of the vessels of the brain or blockage of one of them by a blood clot. Weakness of blood vessels and a short-term increase in pressure during smoking cause a rupture of the vessel, accompanied by hemorrhage in the brain - hemorrhagic stroke. In smokers, it happens 4 times more often than their peers.

Cancerous tumors. The carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke enter the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body. They damage the DNA of cells. Such cells with altered genetic material become the basis of a cancerous tumor. Inhibition of immunity leads to the fact that insufficient killer cells are produced in the body. Their task is to recognize and destroy mutated cells. For smokers, this mechanism of protection against cancer is impaired, and they often become victims of cancer. So 90% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking. Cancer often affects other organs: lips, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, kidneys, prostate, rectum, pancreas and thyroid gland.

Osteoporosis. Tobacco toxins stimulate the production of two proteins that are responsible for leaching calcium from bones. These substances activate osteoclast cells, which are responsible for the destruction of old bone tissue. Therefore, in smokers, bones are destroyed faster than restored.

Disorders of blood vessels. Under the influence of the products of tobacco combustion, the walls of the vessels become dense, not elastic enough, brittle and become cracked. The blood cholesterol increases, which is deposited on the walls in the form of atherosclerotic plaques. They narrow the lumen of the vessel. The likelihood of a blood clot and inflammation of the vein wall around it increases. A blood clot can cause sudden death. The narrowing of the coronary vessels that provide the heart with a robot provokes the development of coronary heart disease and heart attack.

Obliterating endarteritis. In smokers, blood flow in the limbs is reduced by 35-40%. The reason lies in the chronic spasm of blood vessels and the deposition of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of blood vessels. In addition, a violation of the conduction of nerve impulses leads to a decrease in sensitivity. The disease begins with rapid fatigue, intermittent claudication. Later, tissue deprived of blood supply and innervation die off, and gangrene begins.

Slow healing of wounds. The deterioration of blood circulation and a decrease in metabolism lead to the fact that skin cells do not divide quite actively. As a result, wound healing is slower. It is noted that smokers have 50% more width of the scar formed at the site of surgical sutures.

Visual impairment and tearingcaused by the irritating effect of tobacco smoke and atrophy of the optic nerve. With increased sensitivity, smokers may experience swelling of the eyelids. The narrowing of the vessels of the eyeball violates the function of the retina, leads to the death of its cells, which negatively affects visual acuity.

Sexual problems. Premature ejaculation, decreased potency, deterioration of sperm quality - these problems are associated with a violation of the blood supply to the genitals. Due to narrowing of blood vessels and damage to arteries, the blood flow to the penis worsens, which reduces the quality of the erection. Sperm smokers are not sufficiently mobile and less able to fertilize, as they were exposed to nicotine and other substances. If the fusion of the egg and the sperm damaged by nicotine did occur, the fetus attaches worse to the uterine wall.

What are the social and psychological causes of smoking?

Thanks to the films, the image of a brutal man or a fatal woman is inextricably linked with smoking. In adolescence and youth, young people tend to make the same impression. They are trying to improve their social status with this “attribute of adulthood." In addition, young people are not convinced by data on long-term health effects. Therefore, the army of smokers is mainly replenished by people under 21 years of age.

Sociologists conducted a study to identify the social and psychological causes of smoking. Young people were asked, “Why did you start smoking?” Opinions were divided in approximately this way.

Curiosity 40% In the head of most non-smokers, the thought periodically arises: “What kind of pleasure does a smoking person get, what kind of sensations does he have?”
The desire to join the company is 20%. A person is led by a fear of becoming an outcast in a smoking company. This applies to groups of adolescents and adults who have come to the new team. It seems that the most important issues are resolved in the smoking room. And who does not smoke, that remains behind the board of public life.
Peer pressure is 8%. Peers who smoke often agitate to “try”, ridicule those who do not smoke.
Stress relief - 6%. The life of adolescents is full of stress, internal conflicts and quarrels with others. Their nervous system is not yet stable and young people resort to smoking in order to relax.

Psychologists who study nicotine addiction, identify a number of socio-psychological reasons.

Self-affirmation in the eyes of peers, the desire to become cooler.
The desire to be an adult. Prove your "adulthood" to yourself and others.
Extra fun. They begin to smoke in a comfortable situation: on vacation with friends, drinking alcohol.
There is nothing to occupy yourself. Smoking helps pass the time, replaces computer games.
Impress and live up to expectations. To create the image of a tough guy, young people have to smoke.
According to Freud, smoking is a consequence of “oral fixation”. Up to a year, all pleasant moments are associated with sucking. If for some reason we deprive his child, then psychological trauma remains for life and oral fixation occurs. An adult who has experienced this situation continues to suck on a pen, bite his nails or smoke.
The pleasure of the process, playing with a cigarette, the opportunity to purchase beautiful accessories: ashtrays, lighters, smoke emitting rings.
Increased concentration and performance. The first 15-20 minutes after a smoked cigarette, the brain works more productively. Some use this effect to improve performance.
Conditioned reflex. For some, a break at work, drinking alcohol, coffee can be associated with smoking. A man reaches for a cigarette only in these situations.
Fear of gaining weight. Smoking activates the metabolism. Therefore, people who are trying to lose weight at any cost, resort to, including smoking.
Lack of awareness of the dangers of smoking. So most young women do not know how dangerous smoking is for future offspring.
Heredity. There is a theory that if a mother smoked during pregnancy, then her child, having matured, will be prone to smoking, as she constantly suffers from a lack of nicotine.

Smoking ban law

02/23/2013 Federal Law N 15-ФЗ "On the protection of the health of citizens from the effects of ambient tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption" was adopted. He is called:

protect non-smokers from the effects of secondhand smoke;
protect young people from the temptation to join the ranks of smokers;
help get rid of addiction, those who already smoke.

This law successfully fulfills its mission. Cigarette consumption has already fallen by 8%. Experts say that the document will save 200 thousand lives a year. And this, you see, is a significant figure.

What methods are used to combat smoking, according to the law?

No smoking in public placeswhich entered into force on June 1, 2014. No smoking at workplaces, in rooms where they teach, treat and provide a variety of services. The ban applies to trains, platforms, train stations, airports, restaurants, clubs, beaches, playgrounds, stairwells of apartment buildings, and places of trade. Smoking a cigarette is permitted only in designated areas or in rooms equipped with ventilation. Although such restrictions caused a storm of indignation among the smoking part of the population, they nevertheless helped to significantly reduce the number of cigarettes smoked.
Rising cigarette prices. Minimum cigarette prices were established and excise taxes on tobacco products increased. The government believes that a standard pack of cigarettes should cost at least 55 rubles so that demand for them will significantly decrease.
Marking on a pack of cigarettes. Each pack should contain true information about the content of nicotine and other harmful substances, as well as one of the warning labels about the dangers of smoking. They are located on the front side and occupy 50% of the area. The inscription on the back of the pack should occupy at least 30%.
The informational fight against smoking. Education should be provided in the family, at school and at work, as well as in the media. The goal is to teach people to take good care of their health and provide comprehensive information about the dangers of smoking.
Ban on tobacco advertising. Commercials and promotions that are aimed at popularizing smoking or any brand of tobacco products are prohibited. Smoking is forbidden in films and programs for children. But in programs for an adult audience, smoking scenes should be accompanied by anti-advertising captions.
Medical care aimed at combating nicotine addiction. Doctors are required to diagnose a smoker's psychological and physical dependence on nicotine. It is the duty of the health worker to explain to the person what risks he is exposed to and to help get rid of the bad habit.
Restriction of trade in tobacco products and prohibition of illicit trade. It is now possible to sell tobacco products only in stores or trade pavilions. Spreading packs of cigarettes in a display case is prohibited. Instead, there should be an alphabetical list with prices, but without product logos and other advertising elements. It is forbidden to sell cigarettes for one hundred meters from educational institutions. It is forbidden to trade at railway stations, service enterprises, and on premises occupied by government bodies and youth organizations.
Protecting children from tobacco use. It is forbidden to sell cigarettes to minors. Therefore, the seller has the right to require a passport to make sure that he does not commit a crime.

For violation of this law, various types of liability are provided. For example, for smoking in the wrong place you will have to pay a fine of up to 50 thousand rubles. But if your health has been harmed due to non-compliance with the law, then there is the opportunity to demand compensation from the perpetrator.

How to quit smoking?

E-Sigs

Electronic Cigarette - A high-tech device that simulates the smoking process. Its main parts:

indicator light - imitates the fire of a cigarette;
battery for the operation of a cigarette;
steam generator - a spray device that creates steam;
replaceable cartridge that contains a liquid that determines the taste of steam. One cartridge replaces a pack of regular cigarettes.

When you take a puff, the air stream passes through the steam generator and aromatic vapor is formed, consisting of the smallest particles of liquid for smoking. Its advantage over a regular cigarette in the absence of tobacco combustion products: resins, carcinogens. In addition, others do not suffer from tobacco smoke.

Electronic cigarettes are seen by some as a cessation aid. With it, you can reduce the physical dependence on nicotine. In the initial stages, an e-cigarette high in nicotine is used. After a while, it is replaced with another liquid with a lower nicotine content. Thus, they gradually switch to a nicotine-free filler.

The negative side of electronic cigarettes

Experts argue that these devices are no less harmful than traditional tobacco products. It is possible that they are much more dangerous than anticipated.

Facts about the dangers of electronic cigarettes:

To create fluids, synthetic components and flavors are used that penetrate deep into the lungs. Regular inhalations of such substances can lead to bronchial asthma and other undesirable consequences.

It is proved that steam contains glycerin and its esters, propylene glycol, products of combustion of flavorings and substances released by the materials from which the cigarette is made. These components are harmful to health, they have a toxic effect on the body and cause kidney pathology.

Smoking is a bad example for children. They don’t care what exactly their parents smoke. Therefore, there is a high risk that children will become addicted to this bad habit.

WHO experts propose banning the use of electronic cigarettes until serious clinical trials have been conducted and the law governing their production has been enacted.

Since June 1, 2013, the sale of electronic cigarettes in accordance with the law on the prohibition of smoking has been banned in Russia. These devices fit the description of “tobacco products that mimic tobacco products,” so they are banned.

Quit smoking medications

Drug name	Mechanism of action	Reception scheme
*Nicotine-like drugs for the treatment of persistent physiological nicotine addiction*
Tabex (Citizin)	The drug contains a substance of plant origin - cytisine. It activates the respiratory center, increases the level of adrenaline and excites the nervous system. Tabex has a nicotine-like effect. This allows you to alleviate the unpleasant symptoms after quitting smoking, to achieve improved concentration and working efficiency without cigarettes. Cytisine binds to the same receptors as nicotine. Therefore, if you smoke while taking the drug, then nicotine remains in the blood in an unbound state and causes unpleasant sensations: nausea, dizziness. This causes a desire to completely stop smoking.	The first three days take 1 tablet 6 times a day, every 2 hours in the daytime. Take a break at night. The less smoking during this period, the better you feel. 4-12 day of treatment - 5 tablets per day. One every 2.5 hours. 13-16 day - 4 tablets, with a break of 3 hours. 17-20 - 3 tablets per day. One at an interval of 5 hours. 21-25 days, 1-2 tablets per day. If it was not possible to reduce the craving for smoking, then the treatment is stopped and repeated after 2-3 months.
Lobelin	Lobelin is a plant alkaloid derived from Indian tobacco leaves. It has the same stimulating properties as nicotine, but it does not have harmful properties. Lobelin binds to nicotine-sensitive receptors and attenuates withdrawal symptoms that occur after quitting cigarettes. It weakens irritability, headache increases performance.	Take 10-15 drops or 1 tablet 4-5 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days, in some cases it can be extended up to 3 weeks. With prolonged treatment, the drug is used 2-3 times a day.
Gambazin (Anabazine)	A substance of plant origin similar in properties to nicotine. Stimulates the respiratory and vasomotor centers in the brain. The active substance - anabazine is contained in a leafless blackberry. It binds to nicotine sensitive receptors. Therefore, in order not to cause poisoning, it is necessary to stop smoking during treatment.	Tablets. 1-5 day - 8 tablets per day. Dissolve under the tongue. 6-12 day - 6 tablets per day. In the future, every 3 days the dose is reduced by one tablet. The total duration of treatment is 25 days. Chewing gum. This form can be used if you decide to stop smoking immediately or to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. The first 5 days of treatment, 1 gum 4 times a day. It must be chewed and laid on the cheek. When the feeling of bitterness and tingling disappears, chew the gum a little and place it again on the cheek. Thus, nicotine will be released in small portions. Every 3-4 days, the dose is reduced by 1 gum. The course of treatment is 12 days. Film. The film is glued to the gum or the inner surface of the cheek. The first 3-5 days use 4-8 films per day. From the 5th to the 8th day 3 times a day. Next, the dose is reduced every 4 days. The course of treatment is 15 days.
Nicorette Nicotine Patch Analogs: nicotine patches Nicoderm, Nicotrol, Habitrol, Nikvitin.	The patch consists of a translucent synthetic material and contains nicotine. Its use allows you to get rid of withdrawal syndrome. Eliminates sleep disturbance, increased appetite, irritability, decreased attention. In order to get rid of addiction, it is necessary to gradually reduce the dose of nicotine. For this, 3 types of adhesives are available with high, medium and low nicotine content.	For people with high nicotine addiction (up to 2 packs of cigarettes per day), the following scheme is recommended: Nicorette 25 mg - 8 weeks. Nicorette 15 mg - 2 weeks. Nicorette 10 mg - 2 weeks. Those who smoked 1 pack per day are recommended to start treatment immediately from the 2nd step. For patches from other manufacturers, the treatment regimen is similar. The patch is glued to clean, dry skin in the morning and removed in the evening. In order for nicotine to be absorbed unhindered on the skin, there should be no thick hair.
*Nicotine-free drugs used in people with smoking experience less than 5 years*
Champix	The active substance blocks receptors, making them insensitive to nicotine. As a result, a person ceases to enjoy smoking. Unpleasant sensations associated with intoxication of the body appear.	1-3rd day, 1 tablet in a dosage of 0.5 mg. 4-7 days, 2 tablets of 0.5 mg. From day 8, you must stop smoking. From this moment, take 2 tablets (1 mg each) for 11 weeks.
Velbutrin (Bupropion) (Zyban)	An antidepressant used to combat nicotine addiction. It has a stimulating effect on the psyche, accelerates the release of energy in cells, increases sex drive, and promotes weight loss. In addition, relieves anxiety and depression, which may accompany smoking cessation.	From the 1st to the 7th day, 1 tablet after a meal. After that, take 2 tablets per day. The duration of treatment is 7-9 weeks.

Remember that all of the listed drugs are medicines, have contraindications and can cause side effects. Therefore, be sure to consult your doctor about which remedy and in what dosage is right for you.

Psychological help to quit smoking

90% of smokers try to get rid of nicotine addiction on their own. To do this, it is enough to make a firm decision and create a sustainable motivation.

Think about which of the consequences of smoking you are most afraid of. There are a lot of them:

Gangrene and leg amputation;
Cancerous tumors;
Decomposition of the lungs;
Sudden death due to a stroke or heart attack;
Asthma and bronchitis in children who become victims of secondhand smoke.

Write on one half of the sheet a list of unpleasant consequences that await the smoker. On the other half there is a list of “bonuses” that you will give up smoking: beautiful skin, white teeth, fresh breath, healthy lungs ... Place this leaflet so that it is constantly in sight and supports your motivation.
Get yourself a piggy bank. Put aside the amount you spent on smoking daily. Periodically make yourself nice gifts for your money.

Do not look for signs of withdrawal. Studies have shown that the likelihood of developing withdrawal is not so great. If you still notice that the memory has worsened, and it has become more difficult to concentrate, then take a tincture of ginseng or eleutherococcus. These natural stimulants, not worse than nicotine, activate the activity of the nervous system and metabolic processes, and in addition help to quickly cleanse the body of toxins.

Who can help fight nicotine addiction?

For individual or group psychotherapy, you can contact a narcological clinic or a psychologist specializing in getting rid of addictions. Statistics say that psychotherapeutic help increases the chances of success by 1.5 times.

Get free help from a psychotherapist It is possible in state and municipal medical institutions. A prerequisite is the referral of your doctor from the clinic. In addition, free consultations can be obtained at rehabilitation centers.

Paid consultation can be obtained from public health facilities without a referral. And also in non-governmental psychiatric and neuropsychiatric institutions and at a private practicing psychotherapist.

Many effective psychological techniques have been developed to help quitters.

Methodology of Vladimir Zhdanov
The technique is known as Four Smelly Inhalations. Its purpose is to cause a persistent aversion to smoking. To do this, try the taste of tobacco smoke, chew it.
When you want to smoke, do not breathe smoke into your lungs, but hold it in your mouth. Throw back your head, cover your nose, and chew smoke intensively with your mouth closed. After 20 seconds, a nasty taste will appear in the mouth. Continue to chew for another 10 seconds, and then push the smoke into your lungs. Unpleasant sensations and urges to cough will appear - these are the receptors that are designed to protect you from tobacco smoke. To fix the result, make 2 more puffs of “chewed” smoke.
The fourth breath - drag on full lungs. After that, cough the smoke, tensing the abdominal muscles. After that, write down on the pack the date and time when you took 4 smelly breaths. After this, no smoking. If the desire to drag out becomes irresistible, then repeat the reception of chewing smoke.
Video lectures of Professor Zhdanov help strengthen motivation. They act in two ways: they clearly demonstrate the harm from smoking and create the necessary psychological mood.
Allen Carr "An Easy Way to Quit Smoking"
The technique was developed more than 30 years ago. Statistics say that every year, 1 million people quit smoking thanks to it. The purpose of the methodology is to help a person quit smoking without willpower, drugs, or other auxiliaries.
The essence of the methodology is described in the book of the same name. This method can be briefly described in 2 points.
1. Make the firm informed decision that you will never smoke again.
2. Rejoice at your new life and don't get depressed.
The book very reasonably shows why you should give up smoking and what benefits you get by choosing a healthy lifestyle. This helps to get rid of doubts and temptations to smoke a “last cigarette”.
Smoking coding
This method is based on hypnotic suggestion and a bio-electric effect on the subconscious. Coding helps to develop a conditioned anti-smoking reflex.
The purpose of coding is to inspire a person with an aversion to smoking. Coding is carried out by psychologists and psychotherapists. In some cases, this method is owned by priests and healers.
You can only encode a person who has already decided to quit smoking. In the event that he came following the entreaties of relatives, the effect of the coding will be short-lived. Another condition for successful coding is the qualification of a specialist.
Hypnosis and acupuncture help strengthen the effect on the psyche. Some successfully use the placebo effect. The patient is told that after he has taken a mega-effective drug, he will never again have a desire to smoke. And although under the guise of a medicine there may be regular sugar in the capsule, the idea that there is no longer any attraction to tobacco is firmly rooted in the mind.
Neuro-linguistic programming. Wave technique
This technique is based on the reprogramming of the subconscious. Its purpose is to create in the subconscious mind a vivid image of what you want to become. It is suitable for almost all people and helps to simultaneously get rid of different types of addiction. Psychologists use NLP, but you can get rid of bad habits on your own.
The wave technique consists of five stages.
Stage 1. Answer the questions.
- Why am I smoking?
- How does this change my life?
- What benefits does smoking bring me?
2 stage. Determine the motive for quitting smoking.
- What will I achieve by quitting smoking?
- What benefits will it bring me if I give up smoking?
3 stage. The formation of a negative image of the "start key"
Imagine a not-too-nice picture of smoking. For example, a yellow bony hand holding a cigarette.
4th stage. The formation of a "positive image"
Imagine a positive picture of how proud you are, telling friends that you have managed to overcome your addiction.
5 stage. Change of images.
Imagine a negative image, and then replace it with a positive one. Take a short break and repeat the exercise. Gradually increase the pace of the change of pictures. You can accompany them with a wave of the hand or a click of your fingers. The positive image should become more vivid in your mind, and the negative should be clouded until it disappears completely.
Acupuncture
This anti-smoking technique was developed more than 40 years ago by the Chinese neurosurgeon H.L. Venom. It is based on the fact that smoking is a conditioned reflex - the path that a nerve impulse passes in the brain. When nervous excitement once again passes along this path, there is a desire to smoke.
The goal of acupuncture is to eradicate this reflex. By acting on reflex points on the auricle or wrist, the specialist interrupts the passage of impulses along the reflex path.
Sessions should be performed by an experienced reflexologist. Duration of sessions is 20-80 minutes. To obtain a lasting result, one alone needs 2 sessions, while others require 10-20 sessions.

Remember that the only condition that will allow you to quit smoking once and for all is your firm and conscious desire to get rid of this bad habit. If you are firmly determined to get rid of addiction, then you will definitely have success!

How does smoking affect the body. How smoking affects the human body. Negative effect on the body

Smoking and coronary heart disease

Female body and smoking

The effects of secondhand smoke on humans

Sad statistics

Smoking is the cause of hypoxia

Cardiovascular disease

Vascular apparatus

Skin, sensory organs, brain

Reproductive function

Video: how smoking affects the human body

Tuberculosis

Obstructive pulmonary disease

Laryngeal cancer

Obliterating Endarteritis

Heart attack

Stomach ulcer

Impotence

Female reproductive system diseases

Cataract

What is the cause of pathologies in smokers

Topic video

How does smoking affect the human body?

What is the harm of smoking?

What are the social and psychological causes of smoking?

Smoking ban law

How to quit smoking?

E-Sigs

Quit smoking medications

Psychological help to quit smoking

Smoking coding