Scheme of winter water supply for an unheated summer cottage. Do-it-yourself water supply in the country: water supply diagram and the process of self-connection. Prices for a range of water heaters

To organize water supply in the country, water from a well is most often used. An autonomous source allows you to establish a life with all the benefits of civilization. In order not to have to carry water in buckets, summer residents are installing a water supply system. If a country house is operated all year round, it will be necessary to ensure the laying of communications that exclude freezing of water at negative temperatures. Do-it-yourself winter water supply from a well must be installed taking into account all the requirements and building codes.

Well - an autonomous source in the country

Water supply from a well - pros and cons

Digging your own source - for many summer residents, this is the only way to provide themselves and the garden with life-giving moisture. For autonomous water supply, a well or a well is built. The first option is easier to arrange with your own hands, so it is he who is chosen for the summer residence. Among the advantages of using a well:

• no permission to settle down is required;
• the source serves for a long time;
• when the bottom is silted, you can clean it on your own;
• shallow depth allows you to install cheaper models of pumping equipment;
• in the absence of electricity, water can be easily obtained using a swivel mechanism.

Given the numerous advantages of a hydraulic structure, one should not forget about the disadvantages:

• seasonal fluctuations in fluid levels;
• annual cleaning;
• the likelihood of contaminated surface water ingress.

Features of the device winter water supply

At the design stage of the water supply, it is necessary to decide which system option to choose - for summer or year-round use. A seasonal water supply system requires less effort and implementation costs. Do-it-yourself installation of a winter water supply system from a well is performed according to special requirements:

1. Mandatory insulation of the well.
2. Laying communications below the level of soil freezing.
3. Thermal insulation of pipes with special materials.
4. Compliance with the slope during the installation of the pipeline, ensuring the drainage of the liquid during conservation.
5. Providing the possibility of complete drainage of water and shutdown of pumping equipment.

Water supply scheme from a well

Attention. Pipe depth limits vary by region. You should focus on the data on the level of soil freezing.

Well thermal insulation methods

Timely insulation of the winter well will help avoid problems with freezing of the underground section of the mine. The formation of an ice crust leads to negative consequences:

• the pump and other equipment fail;
• ice puts pressure on the walls of the concrete rings, causing cracks to form.

Attention. The freezing rate of a liquid depends on its level; the higher it is, the sooner ice forms.

Installation of expanded polystyrene

You can insulate the structure with plates of expanded polystyrene or other material with similar properties. For the effectiveness of insulation, the rings are dug up to a depth of 1.5 m, and then pasted over with insulation and covered with earth. This option has several advantages:

• affordable cost;
• durability;
• the foam is resistant to moisture and decay.

Polystyrene foam is used to insulate the well.

Making a well house

Installation of a wooden well house is an effective but expensive method of insulation. Wood serves as a good heat insulator, eliminating the risk of freezing the upper part of the shaft. The original wooden structure, in addition to practical use, serves as a decorative decoration of the suburban area.

Such a house is one of the options for insulating a water supply source

Spraying polyurethane

One of the methods of protecting the source from winter frosts is spraying the outer part of the trunk with polyurethane foam. The result is a solid monolithic layer that reliably protects the concrete rings from the cold. The work is quite laborious, you will have to dig out a mine of 1.5-2 m, and after the foam hardens, fill it up again.

Spraying polyurethane

Attention. If the length of the straight section of the highway exceeds 30 m, then the installation of a viewing well will be required.

Components of water supply

At the design stage, a diagram of the water supply system is developed, the amount of material required is calculated. For a reliable water supply, the system must include the mandatory elements:

1. Pump - submersible or surface model. The performance of the equipment depends on the needs of the owners of the cottage and the depth of the source.
2. A hydraulic accumulator is a membrane tank necessary to maintain a stable pressure in the system.
3. Pipes - polymer or metal products are used to transport water from the well to the house and wiring to points of consumption.
4. Pressure switch and pressure gauge - automation that controls the operation of pumping equipment.
5. Check valve - the device is used for draining the liquid before winter storage.
6. Filters are devices for water purification, which are installed in front of the storage tank. They are selected after analyzing the liquid, but a coarse filter must be included.

Water supply scheme

Any water supply scheme is composed of these elements. The winter option requires insulation of the pipeline and the pit in which the pumping equipment is located.

Pipeline installation

So that the water supply in winter does not stop due to the ice plug, the pipes are laid below the freezing mark or they are insulated. The first method requires digging a ditch up to 1.5 m deep. A sand layer 10 cm high is poured at the bottom of the trench, it will ensure the stability of the soil. It is better to choose pipes made of polypropylene, this material does not corrode like steel and is not afraid of pressure like polyethylene. Among the advantages of the products:

• light weight;
• durability;
• affordable cost.

They are laid at a slope of 3 cm by 1 m, directed towards the well. The optimum pipe diameter is 32 mm.

Trench pipeline

Council. Pour an insulating layer up to 30 cm from expanded clay, slag or broken brick on top of the highway.

Piping in the house is done in one of 2 ways:

1. Consecutive - the main line runs throughout the cottage, and water intake points are connected from it. The system is used for buildings with a small number of occupants 2-3 people.
2. Collector - a separate pipe is suitable for each plumbing fixture. The method allows you to keep the same pressure everywhere.

Pipeline insulation options

If the features of the relief do not allow the pipeline to be lowered to a sufficient depth, then a trench of 50-60 cm is dug and insulation is performed. It is possible to organize pipe insulation from frost with hard and soft materials. Rigid insulation for pipes is a polystyrene shell, which is affordable and has excellent thermal insulation properties. Other materials are popular as a soft energy-saving shell:

• foil-coated basalt wool cylinders;
• polyethylene foam sheath.

Insulation materials are not susceptible to low temperatures and are easy to install. It is enough to put them on the pipe and seal the seam with metallized tape.

Insulation pipes are soft ...

Attention. For pipelines in regions with cold climates, a pipe with a ready-made factory insulation and a channel for installing a heating cable is recommended.

Heating cable

Pipe with heating cable

If the pipes are laid close to the surface of the earth, then they are threatened by freezing. Heat-insulating materials partially protect the pipeline from low temperatures, but cannot withstand severe frosts. The most unprotected section is the point where the pipe passes through the foundation of the summer house. The water temperature at the entrance to the house is close to zero, therefore it requires additional insulation. An uninterrupted water supply will be ensured by using a heating cable. For installation on a water supply system, 2 types of devices are used:

1. Resistive cable - metal conductors heat up when current flows. The wire temperature is constant, it depends on the installed power. Installation requires the installation of a sensor. Do not allow the intersection of the turns of the cable, otherwise it will burn out.
2. Self-regulating cable - its action is based on the properties of a metal-polymer matrix. The device independently regulates the temperature in different areas. The plus of the cable is low electricity consumption.

Self-regulating cable

The heating cable can be laid along the entire length of the winter plumbing, but this is an expensive procedure. You will need to buy a cable and protective thermal insulation. To save money without sacrificing quality, it is enough to install a self-regulating cable at the place where the pipeline enters the building.

To organize water supply to a country house on your own site, you need a water source. If there is already a well on the territory of the dacha, then it will not be difficult to connect it to the water supply system. It is only necessary to follow the recommendations of the master - plumber.

Previously, it was necessary to irrigate using ordinary buckets, in which water was collected from a well. Moreover, this process was physically tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, now, with the development of technologies and the emergence of new materials, it is possible to organize your own water supply at the summer cottage if there is a well.

This is a very effective way to establish water supply to any point of the site and directly to the house. You don't have to think about where to drill the well. It is enough just to make the correct connection of the water supply system to the well and you can use water.

This option will also be profitable from an economic point of view, since there is no need to spend money on well equipment. It is enough just to insulate the well and the water supply system. This will require much less money than equipping a new water source on the site.

At the same time, the presence of a well has its advantages when organizing a water supply system.

1. If there is a power outage at the site, then there is no need to worry that there will be no water. The very design of the well involves taking water from there and manually.

2. The water that is in the well is much cleaner than the water that is extracted from the well. This is due to the fact that it contains a smaller amount of impurities of various substances. This is due to the quality of the formations that contain water extracted from the well.

3. Over time, the channels through which water enters the surface tend to clog. Therefore, they must be periodically cleaned. It is much easier to do this in a well than in a well. In the second case, you first need to establish for what reason water does not come in, and then search for specialists to clean it.

4. If a well is used as a source of water, then it is much easier to install a submersible pump in it. Then there can be no situation associated with stuck unit as is sometimes the case in the well.

5. If a well is used as a source of water, then the water during conservation can go both into the well itself and into the sewer system. This is due to the small volume of pipe in the well. Therefore, it is not always effective to conduct water supply from the well to the house. This problem does not exist for a well.

Below is a diagram of the organization of a water supply system using a well at a summer cottage with the possibility of supplying water to the building. At the same time, it is recommended to use polyethylene water pipes in such a system. HDPE pipes and fittings for water supply will also be needed.

Now there are two main options for organizing the water supply system of the site using a well.

1. Summer version of the water supply from the well. It involves the installation of water supply on the ground without additional pipe insulation.

2. Winter option. This option provides for the laying of a water supply system on a site underground. In this case, all pipes are equipped with additional elements for warming up from possible freezing. This option allows you to equally efficiently supply the site and the building with water at any time of the year.

It is recommended to carry out winter water supply in the country according to a permanent scheme. In this case, it becomes necessary to insulate such a water supply using special devices. Therefore, the installation of the water supply system should be carried out using additional materials.

In order to exclude the possibility of freezing of the water supply system in winter, a special system is used to warm up the pipes. For these purposes, it is recommended to use a self-regulating heating cable for the water supply. With its help, it is possible to carry out heating, if necessary, of the entire system or its individual parts.

In this case, there are two options for laying this cable.

1. In the first case, the cable can be laid along the pipe along its entire length.

In this case, less cable is required, which means that the costs for such a system will be minimal. However, with this heating option, there is a likelihood of uneven heating of the pipe section, which can affect the performance of the water supply system in winter.

2. In the second case, the cable is wound in a spiral along the entire length of the pipe.

Of course, in this case, more cable is required, and the cost also increases.

However, the efficiency of heating will be much higher, which means that the probability of system failure will be minimal. In this case, the installation of the water supply should be done only by a specialist who can correctly connect the plastic pipes for water supply.

He can also use polypropylene pipes for cold water supply, which will be laid on the site. Then you don't have to think about how to insulate the water pipe on the street. You need to use standard insulation, and the cable will do the rest.

In order to ensure the required level of water pressure in the water supply system of the summer cottage, it is recommended to use water pumps for domestic water supply that can increase the pressure.

Such a pump is installed directly in the water supply system. For this, an additional box is made. During its operation, this pump can increase the pressure level up to one or even up to three atmospheres.

Now there are several types of such pumps.

• Dry rotor pumps. They have high performance, but at the same time, high noise levels and large dimensions.
• Wet rotor pumps. They are characterized by small dimensions and low noise levels. Moreover, they are less effective, but for a summer cottage they may be quite suitable.

Also, these types of pumps are distinguished by the method of connection.

1. Pumps that are included in the work with the help of the operator or the owner of the site. In this case, constant monitoring by a person over his work is required.
2. Automatically connected pumps. They are very convenient, since you do not need to constantly monitor their work. Automation will do everything by itself.
3. Combined pump type. In this case, it is possible to turn on the unit in operation, both in manual and automatic mode.

Answering the question of how to make a water supply system from a well, you should pay attention to the depth of the system pipes. The depth at which pipes should be laid when organizing a water supply system for a site depends primarily on the latitude at which the dacha is located.

For example, in a metropolitan area, a depth of 1.6 meters is considered normal. This will be enough to ensure that the system does not freeze under the influence of frosts, which are possible in winter. At the same time, such a depth will also give an answer to the question of how to conduct water from the well into the house, since you will not have to think about the possible freezing of the system.

If we take the regions of the south of the country, then the depth of laying water pipes of 0.85 meters is recommended there. In the conditions of northern latitudes, experts recommend laying the water supply system to a depth of no less than 2.75 meters.

The cost of laying a water supply system per meter

The cost of laying a water supply system depends on many factors. First of all, the cost is determined by the complexity of the soil in which the water supply should be laid. The method of digging trenches is also important. If it is created manually, then the price will be one. And when creating a trench using mechanisms, the cost will be different.
Now the average price for laying is 200 rubles for the installation of one meter of polypropylene pipe

In order to organize water supply on the site and in the house, it is necessary to make the right choice of pipes. It is on the diameter of the pipe that the stable supply of water to the house with the required pressure will largely depend.

Below is a table by which you can select pipes for the water supply system of a private house.

If there is a well on the territory of the site, you can create a system that can provide a country house with water at any time of the year. To do this, you need to seek help from specialists who will help you choose materials and install the system. As a result, you will have a reliable water supply system that can work for a long time without breakdowns.

Winter plumbing is necessary in the country if you are going to be there regularly or live there.

It can be used not only in winter, it will be relevant at any time of the year.

It is also noteworthy that such adaptations in the country will not stop functioning, even if you do not visit it.

If every time you have to drain the water from the pipes in the country so that they do not freeze, winter is the best solution.

It will not freeze because it is laid below the freezing depth - which is usually below 2 meters.

Devices for creating a winter water supply

The main devices are:

• pipes;
• surface or submersible pump;
• drain valve;
• pressure switch;
• hydroaccumulator;
• water heating cable.

Pipes for winter water supply

It is better to choose polypropylene pipes, because they have several advantages:

• do not rust;
• durable (up to 50 years);
• low thermal conductivity;
• low weight;
• easy to install;
• acoustically isolated.

Installation is carried out by thermal welding, which ensures the integrity and safety of the entire system.

Surface or submersible pump for winter water supply

The best option would be to use. It supplies water well to the system and is economical.

You must independently choose a brand that depends on the depth of the water source and the type.

The motor is naturally cooled automatically and does not generate any noise during operation.

Drain valve for winter water supply

The valve is installed after the pump, and water can be drained into a source or into a well.

A bypass pipe can be built instead of the drain valve. This option is good when the winter water supply is located near the house.

Pressure switch for winter water supply

The device is necessary to maintain the pressure in the water supply, within a certain range.

When the maximum pressure is reached, the relay will turn off the pump. If the pressure drops to a minimum, then the relay will close the contacts and the pump will resume.

Hydraulic accumulator for winter water supply

This device will protect the water supply from water hammer and will stabilize the pressure.

If it suddenly turns off, you will still have water, since the water that has accumulated in the tank will enter the system.

It is better to use a pressure accumulating tank with a membrane.

Winter water heater

In practice, storage water heaters cope best with this process.

The power and volume of the boiler must be selected from the account of your water consumption. Usually, for a family of 5, 100 liters are enough, with a capacity of 2.5 kW.

If the winter water supply is carried out near the house, then you will need a water heating cable. You can place it in the basement or under the floor.

What to connect the winter water supply to?

There are only three options:

• from the well;
• when connected to a central highway;
• from the well.

The most convenient and easiest way is in winter. It has a number of advantages over the above:

• with inadequate care, aquifers rarely silt;
• no need for a powerful pump;
• during conservation, water can be drained directly into the well.

To drill a well, you need a decent amount of money, and its maintenance is even more expensive, respectively, a winter water supply from a well is a profitable way to get hot water.

Winter water supply project

It is almost impossible to create a correct water supply without a project and schemes.

It is important to consider when creating a project of the route and the place of connection to the plumbing.

Here are examples of circuits and projects that you can use

How to make a winter water supply yourself

If you want to make it yourself, then you need to stock up on basic tools:

• soldering iron (iron) for pipes;
• gas wrench # 2 (for assembly with fittings);
• grinder or saw for metal;
• cutter (hacksaw);
• shovel and bayonet shovels;

We lay pipes for the winter water supply

First you need to dig a trench. Since we are talking about creating a winter water supply system from a well, the depth of the trench should be up to 2 meters.

It is imperative to make a slope towards the well.

We lay the polypropylene pipe in the trench and attach it to the pump.

We seal the pipe coming out of the well with liquid glass. This will prevent your well from flooding with groundwater.

After the pipe is laid, we fill it with 15 cm of sand, and upward there is still soil that remained after digging.

If you dug a trench to the required depth, you do not need to insulate the pipes. If it is not possible to dig the required depth, put on the bottom of the trench insulation that does not absorb water (slag, expanded clay) and lay a pipe on it, covering it with a 30 cm layer of insulation on top.

Cover with sand or soil and compact.

Now you always have warm water!

Winter water supply and sewerage for a country house

Many summer residents and owners of village houses in Russia in the cold season are deprived of the elementary and most important amenities in the house: the ability to use water supply and sewerage. The reason for this is very simple - when the air temperature drops below 0 ° C, the water freezes. So you have to draw water in a bucket from a well in the old fashioned way, collect it on a public water pump, and to think about the frailty of life, run to a separate house on an area with an environmentally hazardous cesspool or, at best, use a peat composting toilet or a mobile dry closet.

Meanwhile, it is quite possible to make the local water supply and sewerage system suitable for year-round use in cold climates. In this article, we will consider the main aspects of creating a year-round water supply system and preventing water freezing in the pipes of an existing water supply and sewerage system.

Water supply and water intake for operation in cold climates.

Water can be supplied to the house from various sources: a storage tank for imported water, a reservoir, a well, a well or a water supply network. The main task of the water intake device is to prevent water freezing, both in the source itself and in the external water supply system for supplying water to the house.

Frost protection for outdoor water supply

Methods of protection against freezing of water in the supply pipeline are universal for any source of water supply. The pipeline can be protected against freezing of water using various combinations of the use of thermal insulation, protection by a layer of soil and geothermal, using heating elements (electric heating cables and tapes), intraluminal expansion joints, using a direct current of water through a loop, or with an outflow, drainage of the pipeline (only with periodic use).

In practice, the following methods of laying pipelines from the source of water supply to the house are most often used:

1. Pipes insulated with a layer of heat-insulating material and equipped with cable heating are laid along the surface. This method is used on rocky soils and on permafrost.
2. Pipes insulated with a layer of heat-insulating material and equipped with cable heating are laid in the ground above the freezing depth. This option is used on heavy soils and with a high level of groundwater.
3. Uninsulated pipes are laid in the ground below the freezing depth. This method is applicable when it is possible to dig deep trenches in the absence of high-standing groundwater.
4. Insulated or non-insulated pipes are laid in an insulated or non-insulated underground channel.
5. Insulated or non-insulated pipes are laid in an insulated surface box.
6. Insulated or non-insulated pipes with a constant flow of water into the sewer or drainage system. The method is often used for public water taps.
7. Insulated or non-insulated pipes with constant movement of water along the loop using pitot tubes or a circulation pump. The method is used for additional protection of pipelines from freezing when it is impossible to bury the water pipeline in the ground, for example, on rocky ground or in permafrost conditions.

Illustration №1 Methods of laying external pipelines in cold climatic conditions.

The traditional way to protect pipelines from freezing is to bury the pipes in the ground below the depth of seasonal freezing of the ground. The depth of winter freezing of soils depends on the geographic region and winter air temperatures, the thermal insulation properties of the soil (its density, thermal conductivity), the presence of groundwater at the depths of the pipeline, the nature of the vegetation cover and the looseness of the soil layer, the presence of fallen leaves on the soil surface, and the thickness of the snow cover.

Table No. 1 Standard depth of seasonal soil freezing (m)

Burying pipes below freezing depths is a reliable way to protect pipelines from freezing. However, burying the pipeline may not be possible or economically feasible on rocky and heavy soils, in permafrost conditions. In these cases, pipes have to be laid either in shallow trenches or on the surface, and protected from freezing with the help of thermal insulation, heating and constant movement of water, since in the zone of freezing of soils the temperature usually drops to - 20 ° C, but in severe climatic conditions it can reach and - 40 ° C.

Modern industry produces special pipes designed for laying in cold climates. The water pipe is made of low pressure polyethylene or cross-linked polyethylene. Such pipes are flexible and better resist damage caused by water expansion during freezing. A self-regulating electric heating cable and a thermal sensor are laid along the water pipes and the pipe is enclosed in a layer of polyurethane foam insulation. Outside, the pipe is protected by a polymer or metal corrugated pipe.

With a shallow depth of the external water supply, it can be additionally protected by underground insulation of the soil over the course of the route. In order for the insulation to be really effective, the thickness of the insulation (EPS is recommended) should be at least 10-15 cm, and the sheets of insulation should extend at least 1.2 m in each direction from the running pipeline.

For additional protection against freezing, water pipes can be placed in concrete, metal, polymer or wooden insulated boxes filled with heat-insulating material (sawdust, foam chips) or without it.

For heating pipelines, self-regulating heating cables are used, which can be located both outside the pipe under a layer of thermal insulation, and inside the pipe lumen. Such cables can be used for heating and sewer pipes when they are shallowly laid, and even for heating a septic tank. Heating tapes are located on the pipe surface under a layer of thermal insulation. The peculiarity of using heating elements is that they must work constantly from the moment of cold snap - as a means of preventing freezing. It is not possible to defrost frozen pipes using electric heating systems.

An additional means of preventing pipes freezing is the use of pipes with a larger diameter than required, since during cooling, the viscosity of the water increases and the resistance to water movement increases.

A new modern additional means of protecting pipelines from frost damage is an elastic, compressible silicone ice-Loc cord that is placed inside the pipe lumen. In the event of an emergency freezing of water, the compression of the cord compensates for the expansion of the medium and prevents rupture of the pipe walls.

Illustration # 2 Prevention of freezing damage to pipes using a compressible silicone cord in the pipe lumen

In a harsh arctic climate, during the surface laying of insulated and heated water pipelines, passive or activated water movement in the inlet part of the water supply system is used as an additional measure to prevent water freezing. When the water supply system is connected to a main water supply system with constant water movement, the water movement in the supply water supply is activated using a closed loop from the water pipes. The movement of water in the loop is activated by the difference in the hydrostatic pressure of the water that occurs in the L-shaped Pitot tubes installed along and against the movement of water in the water supply system, as shown in the diagram below:

Illustration №3 The system for connecting the water supply of the house to the main water supply using Pitot pipes to create a loop of passive water circulation

The loop of passive water flow is closed by a bypass (shunt) up to the shut-off valve and water flow meter. When creating a water circulation loop under conditions of water supply from a source with still water (well, well, reservoir), a circulation pump is used instead of Pitot tubes.

Features of the design of water intakes from various sources in cold climates.

Illustration №4 Variants of sources of winter water supply for a country house

Wells and wells are the most common sources of water supply in rural areas of Russia. For operation in cold climates, the well head is placed in a buried, waterproof and insulated reinforced concrete, steel or plastic caisson, as shown in the illustration below.

Illustration №5 Winter water supply from a well and a well

A heating element can be located in the caisson, especially if a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the caisson. The caisson cover must be well insulated. Additional horizontal soil insulation around the caisson will not only protect the caisson from freezing, but also reduce the heaving forces acting on the caisson, which will serve to prevent its displacement or extrusion. Plumbing in the house is laid with a reverse slope to ensure good drainage when the water is drained.

Well insulation produced according to the same principles. The superstructure above the well, the walls of the aboveground and first underground rings and the soil around the well are insulated. In addition to reducing the possibility of freezing of the well, reducing the forces of frost heaving will protect the well rings from displacement and from leaks of the upper water. An effective way to prevent water freezing in a well at a high level of its standing is the use of aeration. A compressor for aerating ponds is installed in the well, designed for continuous operation or turned on by timer. The constant flow of air bubbles significantly reduces the possibility of water freezing. Also, aeration of water is one of the effective ways to improve water quality, due to the oxidation of organic impurities, under-oxidized metal compounds and inhibition of the activity of anaerobic sulfur bacteria, whose waste products give water a characteristic musty odor.

Water supply on imported water provides for the installation of a storage tank for water. For operation in winter conditions, a water tank can be installed in the house, or buried in the ground and additionally insulated around the perimeter and along the surface. Additional horizontal soil insulation will make the tank's thermal insulation most effective. A storage tank for water can also be used as an intermediate tank to collect water from a source with a small debit (for example, a well).

The most difficult is the device winter water supply from open reservoirs... When water supply from rivers, especially from shallow, with seasonal changes in water level, with a rapid current, perhaps the only effective is the device of water intake through the infiltration gallery, which is arranged at a deepening along or across the river channel of perforated concrete or plastic pipes, or, in a primitive version, from granular mineral filler in geotextile. Water is filtered from the river bed into the infiltration gallery and is collected in a receiving well (collector) from where it is supplied to the house as from an ordinary well.

To supply water from stagnant reservoirs, or from dammed rivers with a constant water level and a slight current, water intake by a pumping station on the shore, located in a heated building, can be used. With periodic or temporary use of the water intake (for example, when filling a storage tank in a house), water can flow through an external pipeline laid on supports on ice with a slope to the water intake for drainage after each use. A compressor with an aerator is used to prevent water freezing in the water intake area and the submerged part of the pipe.

Illustration №6 Winter variants of water intake in open reservoirs

To organize a permanent water intake in stagnant water bodies, it is preferable to use an underwater intake of water in the form of a submersible pump submerged with the help of anchors and floats below the ice formation level, or a water intake of a coastal pumping station. If possible, the water intake can be installed on a permanent base at the bottom of the reservoir. The onshore part of the water supply system must be laid using an insulated and heated pipe.

Features of indoor plumbing for operation in cold climates.

The scheme and design features of an intra-house water supply system are primarily determined by the mode of operation of the house. If the house will be used year-round for living, and the temperature in it will drop below + 17 ° C, then minimal adjustments to standard water supply schemes, such as those used in urban environments, will be required. If the house will be operated periodically, and the heating will have a variable mode with temperature drops to +3 + 5 ° C, then the internal water supply system will need to be additionally protected from possible freezing in the event of climatic extremes or an emergency power outage during the absence of people. Plumbing in houses that will permanently or periodically remain in the cold season without heating must be designed in such a way as to ensure quick and convenient drainage of water from all pipelines and systems of the house, to protect sanitary equipment.

Entering water into the house.In all cases, it is recommended to supply water to the house through a pipeline made of polymer elastic pipes of large diameter (1 inch), well insulated by one of the above methods, with backup heating using an electric cable. It is recommended to lay two pipes at once, so that in any emergency situation, you can use the second pipe, and not re-lay a new one. A double pipe is also needed to organize a loop of constant water movement. It is best to use HDPE insulated pipes in polyurethane foam insulation and protection with a corrugated pipe with a standard heating cable to enter water into a house. When the input pipe passes through non-insulated sections of the underground (if any), it is better to additionally protect the pipe with an insulated box.

The choice of pipes for laying intra-house water supply.In homes for permanent residence with stable year-round heating, there are practically no restrictions on the material for the plumbing, since the probability of freezing pipes is very low. However, if we take into account possible accidents and non-rocking situations, it is better to use polypropylene pipes of the original Western production. Such pipes, in contrast to pipes of Russian, Chinese, Turkish and Eastern European production, are made from a higher quality polymer with greater elasticity and strength. With a short-term freezing of water in such pipes, their destruction may not occur, unlike pipes made of a harder and cheaper polymer, which are destroyed in most cases of freezing of water in them.

Elastic high quality pipes are an absolute choice for houses with variable heating mode and intermittent residence, where the likelihood of accidents on the water supply is much higher.

But for houses that remain without heating for a long time, you can use inexpensive polypropylene pipes, since in any case, when you leave the house, you will have to drain water from the entire system.

In homes with a risk of water freezing in the pipes, Ice-Loc silicone cord can be used to compensate for the expansion of the water during freezing.

Taking into account the possibility of accidents and freezing of the pipeline and shut-off valves in houses that periodically remain without the presence of people in the cold season, it will be necessary to modify the shut-off ball valves, which are widely used today. The hidden danger of ball valves freezing is that in the closed position, the ball captures some of the water, which, when frozen, easily ruptures the valve. To avoid this unpleasant moment, you can drill a hole in one of the walls of the valve ball to drain the residual portion of water, as shown in the diagram below. The valve will perform its shut-off function due to the second wall of the ball.

Illustration №7 Modification of the ball valve for operation in cold climates

Layout of an intra-house water supply systemalso depends on the mode of operation at home. The fundamental difference between schemes for houses with constant, variable or periodic operation is to ensure the convenience and speed of drainage of the water supply system at home. For a house with a constant heating mode, when the likelihood of draining water from the entire system is minimal, you can consider the traditional scheme of laying a water supply system in a house with lower loops, laying pipes near the floor or underground. If there is a rare need to drain the entire system, it will be enough to provide for the possibility of draining the water through the supply pipe (when the water supply is not from the main water supply system) and the possibility of connecting a compressor to purge individual branches with lower loops of pipelines for draining water. In the absence of special valves for connecting the compressor, the purge of the water supply can be carried out through open taps in washbasins and sinks.

In homes where there is frequent drainage from the system upon departure, the plumbing scheme should be optimized for quick and convenient drainage. In particular, the distribution of the water supply can be performed with upper loops to facilitate the drainage of water. The upper water distribution scheme also allows you to quickly warm up the pipes when heating the house. In the inevitable bottom hinges, water drain valves are installed at the bottom points.

For convenient draining of water from the storage water heater, an air suction valve is installed on the hot water outlet pipe. The water can be drained through the cold water supply line and open taps in the mixers, or through the fitting installed in front of the safety valve with a valve for connecting a hose and draining water.

Prevention of freezing of water in the internal water supply system.

The main prevention of freezing is to maintain a positive temperature in the house and in the places where pipelines pass. When passing through unheated areas, all pipelines must be insulated and equipped with heated cables.

One of the ways to prevent water from freezing in very cold weather or in the presence of sections of the water supply that cannot be heated by other means is to use a closed circulation system of warm water. Such a system can be gravitational, using hot water from a storage water heater or heat accumulator, or forced, using a circulation pump or a special circulation and heating unit such as ReadyTemp, which is installed at a distant point of the water supply system, bypassing hot and cold water lines, pumping and heating water. The device consumes only 40 W of electrical power and can be operated from an uninterruptible power supply during a power outage in the house.

Illustration №8. Internal water circulation system to prevent water from freezing during the cold season in unheated areas of the water supply system.

In the presence of people in the house in severe frosts, you can simply open the hot and cold water taps and pour the water in a thin stream. Opening taps will reduce the pressure transmitted by the water already at the beginning of ice formation and will reduce the degree of damage to the water supply. It is also recommended to open cabinet doors under sinks and sinks to circulate warm air around the pipes. Place a piece of Styrofoam or soft wood in the water in the toilet, which dampens the expansion of the water in the drain and prevents the toilet from collapsing. Drain the water from the tank.

Methods for defrosting frozen pipes.

If the pipes are still frozen, then a steam generator can be used for external defrosting, or hot water can be supplied to the pipes under pressure from a Karcher-type washer. Qualified welders, subject to all safety measures, can use the electrode placement of the welding machine on frozen sections of metal pipes with a minimum current strength.

Methods such as heating pipes with a burner flame, a construction hairdryer, turning on heating cables, pouring hot water into pipes are usually ineffective.

Features of the construction of local sewage systems for cold climates.

In order for the local sewerage system to work properly in the cold season, the water in the sewer pipes and in the filtration fields should not freeze, and the temperature in the septic tank should be maintained at a temperature suitable for the life of the bacteria inhabiting it. Problems in winter rarely arise in a constantly operated house, the soil under which is warmed up or did not have time to freeze, and drains enter the sewer regularly, provided that the sewer pipes and septic tank are sufficiently insulated. Normally, in addition to geothermal heat, a septic tank is provided with additional heat generated during the biological decay of organic matter in wastewater. However, the situation may worsen with long interruptions in the operation of the sewage system and with insufficient insulation. In this case, the microflora of the septic tank is inhibited, and the amount of heat generated is reduced. Also, problems can arise with the surface laying of sewer pipes.

As measures to prevent the freezing of sewer pipes and septic tanks, it is recommended to carry out preventive soil insulation over the sewer pipes and septic tank. When pipes are laid on a surface (for example, with septic tanks of a surface structure), they must be removed into insulated boxes. Sewer pipes can be equipped with a cable heating system, in which the cable is placed in the inner lumen of the pipe and released into the septic tank. Such heating will serve to prevent the freezing of wastewater during rare and minor exploitation and will help preserve the biological activity of the septic tank microflora. In aeration tanks, the contents are protected from freezing due to active aeration and movement of the medium.

For additional protection of the septic tank, filtration fields and sewer pipes in winter, you should not remove the snow above them. On the contrary, it is recommended to expose snow shields. You can also pre-insulate the surface above the septic tank with bags of leaves, sawdust, grass, cover with hay.

Illustration №12. Winter sewerage.

Brief conclusions.

1. The operation of a country house in a cold climate requires special attention to preventing water from freezing in the plumbing and sewerage system.
2. When building a house in a cold climate, it is recommended to determine in advance the mode of its operation and, in accordance with it, to plan the water supply system of the house.
3. Modern technologies make it possible to find an adequate technical solution to ensure year-round water supply at home even in the most severe climatic conditions and to prevent significant losses due to freezing of water in the water supply in emergency and emergency situations.

Pressurized water can remain liquid even at temperatures below 0 ° C. Research from the University of Illinois has shown that, in fact, pressurized water freezes in non-insulated water pipes in basements when temperatures reach minus 6.6 ° C. Also, freezing of water at low temperatures is prevented by its movement through pipes.

Traditionally, it is believed that the dacha is intended only for summer holidays, and with the arrival of cold weather, the house must be mothballed until spring. But as the experience of FORUMHOUSE users shows, many continue to go to the dacha in winter, getting out there for the weekend. And so that a trip for 2-3 days does not turn into a continuous headache, it is necessary to prepare in advance for the operation of the dacha at negative temperatures.

So, from this article you will learn:

• What features must be taken into account before starting the winter operation of the cottage.
• Why it needs to be insulated.
• Than to heat in winter.
• How to install a winter water supply system.

Features of the winter operation of the cottage

To understand what the requirements are for the winter operation of a summer residence, you need to understand the concept of "comfortable living conditions". Electricity, heat and water are the three pillars of a comfortable life in any country cottage. The same applies to the dacha, with the amendment that the house will not be operated regularly, but on short visits. Those. in winter, the cottage may freeze, and upon arriving at the site, the building will have to be quickly put into operation.

But the warming of the dacha is the first step towards its winter operation. The second stage is the choice of heating the house.

Winter heating for summer cottages

A quick exit of heating equipment to a given temperature regime is the first requirement for a heating system for a country house. This is important because upon arrival at the dacha (for example, on Friday evening), the user will have neither the time, nor the energy, nor the desire to engage in the commissioning of the heating system, chopping wood or burning the stove for a long time.

Evgeniy2011 FORUMHOUSE user

I often go to the dacha on weekends in winter. I would like to take a break from the city and breathe clean air. Summer cottage, made of logs, but insulated. Of course, the building freezes over in a week. I heat a room of 25 sq. m brick heating and cooking stove. A heat exchanger is inserted into the firebox. Heating system with natural circulation of non-freezing coolant, plus 3 batteries are installed under the windows.

The following parameters of this summer cottage heating system are interesting. Depending on the outside air temperature, the heating rate is 3-5 ° C / hour. The comfortable room temperature (up to + 25 ° C) is set approximately 12-20 hours after starting the system, until the walls, ceiling and furniture are heated. You have to heat the stove 1-2 times every 24 hours.

As you can see, the system has a large temporal inertia. Therefore, another approach to the country heating system is interesting.

Alexander_S FORUMHOUSE user

You can't get heat right away with a brick stove. In my dacha (frame house, insulated with 25 cm of glass wool), a heating system based on IR panels, supplemented by a convection fireplace, is mounted. On weekdays, infrared heating, using a programmable thermostat, keeps the temperature in the house at + 5 ° C. By Friday evening, the thermostat gives a command to raise the temperature to + 20 ° C in the bedroom and + 15 ° C in the living room, and upon arrival at the dacha, I light up the fireplace stove.

As a result of such a scheme, at -15 ° C outside in 1-1.5 hours, it is possible to raise the temperature (on a total area of \u200b\u200bthe dacha of 55 sq. M) from + 15 ° C to + 27 ° C .

It is also possible to assemble a system based on a GSM socket and an IR ceiling heater for 1 kW. A few hours before arrival, we send SMS to the GSM outlet, and the house will warm up in advance for arrival at the dacha.

Note that such systems are volatile. In the event of a power outage, an accident at a substation, if the house is not assembled, arriving at the dacha, we risk, instead of rest, dealing with the elimination of the consequences of the accident.

Therefore, our users are guided by the principle: the simpler the heating system, the better.

WAAD FORUMHOUSE user

I have a dacha (frame for 90 sq. M.), Where I come in winter. I arranged a sauna in the house, in which I placed a 15 kW bath stove, made of good thick steel with cast-iron grates and with an elongated firebox, loading another 70 kg of stones from above. Moreover, in addition to its direct function, it helps me quickly warm up the house in cold weather.

It happens like this - upon arrival, the stove is first flooded. While the snow is being cleaned outside and other household chores are being done, after 15 minutes the temperature in the sauna is already above zero, because a small room warms up quickly. After about 20 minutes you can rest indoors, because it's already warm in it. Further WAADthrows more wood into the stove, accelerating the temperature in the sauna to + 45-50 ° C, and turns on forced ventilation, which creates excessive pressure in the sauna, driving air into the room through the nozzle.

As a result, when the door is closed, warm air begins to flow into the living room through a special hatch on the other side, and the house warms up quickly.

Features of the winter water supply system

So, we have warmth, but a comfortable stay in the country is impossible without a reliable water supply system. We have already written above that the water left in the pipes will rupture them when frozen. The water must be drained, and this will have to be done every winter visit to the cottage.

To somewhat simplify your task, you can use this trick. For example, in order not to pump out water from the knee of the toilet bowl with a syringe, and then plug the hole with a sponge for washing cars, which will help avoid the spread of unpleasant odors from the septic tank, you can use the "old-fashioned" method. In case of frost down to -10 ° C, pour a concentrated solution of table salt into the knee (salt can be dissolved in hot water).

WAAD

If there is no danger of large frosts, it is enough to throw 2-3 tablespoons of salt into the toilet bowl, and such salted water will not freeze.

Move on. The water supply requires a water source. It can be a well, an Abyssinian, or an ordinary well. We have already talked about all of them in detail. In the case of choosing a well, you can solve the main problem of the country water supply - freezing of water in the pipes.

This is how it is done. A well-insulated thermos box is erected above the well (as insulation for the walls of the sarcophagus, you can use expanded polystyrene 10 cm thick), which allows you to keep the heat of the water column in the well above 0 ° C in any frost.