Building a flat roof is a budget option for a reliable roof with your own hands. Projects of houses with a flat roof Flat roofs how to do

QIHE Jewelry Bee Kind Pin Honey Brooch Bee Lapel ...

RUB 87.47

★★ ★★ ★★ ★★ ★★ (5.00) | Orders (2256)

Flat roof houses - options and projects

Recently, there has been a growing interest in low-rise flat roof projects. Architects and developers are attracted by these unusual buildings, where you can equip an observation deck or even create a real hanging garden. Of course, in practice, everything turns out to be more complicated than in theory.

The design of a flat roof raises many questions regarding its cost, the choice of materials for insulation and waterproofing, the organization of water flow, maintenance and operation of the roof. Finding answers to them is not so easy. The fact is that domestic under row firms working in the field of cottage and summer cottage construction are well aware of the most demanded design - pitched, and, as a rule, they do not have experience in erecting flat roofs, arranged in a completely different way.

Which roof will come out cheaper?

The fact that the area of \u200b\u200ba flat roof is less than that of a pitched roof immediately draws attention to itself, which means that less materials will be required, and the work will be cheaper. However, this statement is true only for regions with a warm climate and low snow load, moreover, if we are talking about an unexploited roof. In central Russia, to ensure the reliability and durability of a horizontal roof, it is necessary to apply rather expensive engineering solutions.

It turns out that 1 m 2 of a flat concrete or steel base, the bearing capacity of which will allow to withstand the weight of the snow cover, costs 2-2.5 times more expensive than a wooden girder structure of a pitched roof. The difference in the volumetric consumption of the insulation is leveled out due to the fact that a more expensive high-density material is needed for a flat roof. There is still hope to save on roofing, however, modern polymer membranes - the optimal waterproofing for horizontal roofs - are not cheaper (and sometimes much more expensive) than shingles.

There is no need to install snow guards, but you cannot do without a roof hatch and drainage system. If you try to reduce costs according to the estimate, then later you will have to pay with the need to repair the roof every 10-15 years.

Finally, it should be taken into account that flat roofs are appropriate only for houses of modern architecture - with a large glazing area and sophisticated finishing with the latest facade materials. Then and the other isn't cheap.

Overlap under a flat roof

As a rule, in low-rise housing construction, a flat roof ceiling is a precast or monolithic reinforced concrete slab.

Reinforced concrete slabs (PB, hollow PC, PV, etc.) can cover a span up to 9 m long and withstand a pressure of 8, 9 or 12.5 kPa (this value is indicated by the last digit in the product labeling). They can serve as a "base" for any roofing pies, including those with a top layer of paving slabs or fertile soil. However, for the installation of the structure, it will be necessary to provide access to the site of the truck crane (while the steel beams and flooring are easy to lift with the help of winches). The depth of support of the ceiling on the wall depends on the material of the latter - for example, for a brick, this parameter should be equal to the thickness of the slab. Before proceeding with the installation of the roof, it is important to seal the joints of the elements with mortar and additionally seal them with an elastic polymer tape. A monolithic w \\ 6 floor is erected from heavy concrete using removable (for example, from OSB slabs on jack stands) or non-removable (from corrugated board) formwork. It is reinforced with a two- or four-level welded frame made of rods with a diameter of 12 mm. The dimensions of a monolithic slab are not regulated (unlike a prefab), which provides the architect with freedom in designing a building; other advantages are the absence of seams, the comparative simplicity of the device of the passage units (chimney, ventilation ducts) and high bearing capacity (subject to the technological regulations).

Beam floor

In principle, when erecting a floor, you can use a combination of beams (wooden, steel) and load-bearing corrugated board. However, experts do not recommend the use of wooden beams (with the exception of those made of LVL beams with a section of 200 * 100 mm) in regions where the snow cover pressure exceeds 1.2 kPa (about 120 kgf / m2) - that is, in most of the territory of the Russian Federation. The roof covering made of steel I-beams and corrugated board with a wave height of 60 mm and a wall thickness of 0.7 mm allows covering a span of up to 12 m and withstands a pressure of at least 6 kPa. But in general, it is less durable than concrete, and is relatively rarely used in individual construction. It is wiser to use corrugated board as a fixed formwork, which, by the way, does not eliminate the need to build a reinforcing cage.

Flat roof types

In the low-rise sector, mostly non-attic flat roofs are in demand, because the attic requires additional costs and violates the architectural proportions of the house. This means that the roof must protect from winter cold and summer heat. In this case, a common feature of flat roofs is that the heat-insulating layer is located on top of the supporting structure (in pitched roofs, it is usually located between the rafters). If the room is insulated from below, the dew point can shift into the thickness of the floor, which will reduce the service life of the latter.

Thermal insulation for flat roofs has special requirements. The material should not only have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, but also resist well mechanical loads - both distributed (pressure of the upper layers of the roofing cake, equipment, snow) and local, arising during installation. In addition, it is important that the material is hydrophobic and non-flammable. At the moment, there are several ways to install thermal insulation: using mechanical fasteners, adhesive and free installation. In addition to the traditional two-layer insulation, laying in one layer is becoming an increasingly popular solution.

As for the roof options, there are dozens of them. Suffice it to say that only in SP 17.13330.2011 more than 40 "recipes" are given. At the same time, manufacturers of coatings and insulation offer more and more new engineering solutions. However, they are always based on one of two basic schemes - traditional or inversion.

Traditional flat roof construction In general terms, a vapor barrier film (polypropylene, polyethylene, 6-bitumen-polymer) is laid on top of the supporting base, followed by insulation, for example, mineral wool slabs with a compressive strength at ten percent deformation of at least 30 kPa, in one or two layers of total thickness from 200 mm. Above, there is a separating layer (for example, made of polyethylene film), over which a reinforced slope-forming screed is poured (a flat roof must be given a slope of 2-3% to the center or edges to ensure water drainage). A dried screed serves as the basis for a roll or mastic waterproofing coating.

Other options are also possible.

For example, a slope-forming screed can be placed at the very bottom of the cake; in this case, the roofing waterproofing is fixed with gravel ballast, paving slabs on supports or special dowels. Some materials, for example the "ROOF UKLON" (Rockwool) or "TechnoNICOL Slope" system, allow you to do without a screed at all: the slabs have variable thickness, and with their help it is easy to create smooth level drops to ensure water flow.

Flat roofs are classified into unexploited and exploited... The former visit only for revision, maintenance and repair; for this purpose, a roof hatch is equipped, to which an attic staircase leads. The operated roof in cottages most often serves as a terrace, that is, a durable wear-resistant coating must be laid on it, and the supporting base is designed for increased loads. A kind of exploited - a roof with greenery, lined with a sod layer on top of the main thermohydro-insulating cake; usually they arrange paths and a recreation area on it. A convenient exit should be provided to the operated roof, for example, from the vestibule superstructure.

Inversion roof it is arranged differently: in it, a heater resistant to constant exposure to water (as a rule, extruded polystyrene foam - EPS) is located on top of the waterproofing. At the same time, the latter is reliably protected from mechanical damage and is located in the zone of positive temperatures (freeze-thaw cycles are destructive for almost any material). It is easy to turn an inverted roof into an exploited one, for example, by filling the insulation with a drainage layer of sand gravel and laying paving slabs. The disadvantages of the design include a more complex drainage system. However, gutters need to be discussed separately.

The inversion scheme is ideal for operating roofs, as well as roofs arranged in regions with harsh climatic conditions. Since the waterproofing layer is located under the thermal insulation, it is protected from mechanical influences, as well as from temperature changes and UV radiation, which significantly extends the life of the roofing system. Waterproofing materials based on modified bitumen must be laid in at least two layers - this technology is more widespread, and in addition, it allows you to level out possible errors when fusing the material. For a polymer membrane, one layer is enough, and reliability is provided by automatic welding equipment, which greatly increases the speed of work. In addition, no open flame is used when installing the polymer membrane, therefore the technology is considered safer.

Roll materials based on modified bitumen, as a rule, are fused with a gas burner (a), while it is difficult to prevent minor flaws that can cause leakage (if there is no second layer). Welding quality of PVC strips (6) is much easier to control

Flat roof gutter and water protection system

A flat roof is equipped with a parapet (attic) 30-90 cm high, which helps to ensure an organized drainage of water; on an exploited roof, it also serves as a safety fence. At the same time, the design of gutters should be approached very responsibly, because in the event of an error, a huge puddle can form over your head, which threatens leaks and damage to the supporting structures.

As a rule, the choice is made in favor of an internal drain. Such a system is less exposed to the atmosphere and therefore more durable and reliable than an outdoor one. Let's talk in more detail about its main elements. Water intake funnels are installed in lowered sections of the roof. As a rule, two funnels are mounted on roofs with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 150 m 2 - the main one, connected to the riser, and the emergency one with water discharge through the hole in the parapet. With an increase in the number of funnels and risers, the reliability of the system increases, but its cost also increases.

Flat roofs are in demand in modular construction. Among the advantages of this method are the affordable cost and high speed of housing construction, as well as the possibility of a phased increase in its area.

For inversion and green roofs, special funnels with drainage rings have been developed to collect moisture from the intermediate layers. The reception rooms must be equipped with electric heating based on a self-regulating cable - then they will regularly perform their function when alternating thaws and frosts.

In systems of a new type, the so-called siphon-vacuum, special funnels are used to prevent air from being sucked in by the water flow. Thanks to them, the speed of movement of the liquid in the pipe (and hence the throughput of the latter) increases, which makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the system elements. However, for low-rise buildings, the savings turn out to be insignificant, moreover, such systems require more accurate calculations than gravitational ones.

The downpipe is made of sewer pipes - polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and it makes sense to use sound-absorbing products, for example RAUPIANO Plus (REHAU), or soundproof the downpipe, otherwise you will hear the murmur of water for hours. The riser is connected to the funnel using an elastic coupling. When laying pipes, the number of elbows and the length of horizontal sections that reduce the throughput of the system should be minimized. The drainage pipe, laid in the basement or insulated underground, connects the riser to the rainwater drainage or provides water discharge into the linear drainage tray.

In the second case, there is a risk of blocking the outlet with ice, therefore, the riser should be equipped with a “winter” outlet to the domestic sewer (the latter should be equipped with a water seal). The branch pipe is cleaned through a dismountable joint or an inspection module.

When choosing a standard size of elements of a traditional gravity system, one proceeds from the intensity of rains in a given area, focusing on SP 32.13330.2012.

The external drainage system is more vulnerable than the internal one, and also affects the appearance of the facades, but it does not require holes in the roof and ceilings and does not eat up the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Water is discharged through parapet funnels or nozzles embedded in the parapet, under which classical funnels (like on a pitched roof) and downpipes are installed, attached to the walls with brackets. The calculation is based on the fact that for each square meter of the roof area there should be 1-1.5 cm of the drainpipe section. Elements of the outdoor system can be made of PVC, steel, copper, zinc-titanium.

Flat roof landscaping

Since ancient times, turf-covered roofs have been used in countries with moderately cold and humid climates, and the green carpet performed the main moisture-protective function in them.

As part of the modern concept of green roofing, a layer of fertile soil with plants is needed to give unusual features to the appearance of the building, to decorate the roof terrace and to extend the life of the coating by blocking it from UV rays. In addition, it absorbs rainwater, relieving gutters, dampens the sound of rain, protects the upper floors from overheating in summer and reduces heat loss in winter. Greening is believed to almost double the lifespan of a roof. Its disadvantages include an increase in loads on the supporting structures of a building and an increase in construction costs.

In addition, the green carpet needs maintenance, the intensity of which depends on the selected plant species. If you do not pay due attention to the plantings, they will freeze and die from drought.

For greening the roof, an additional cake should be laid on top of the main waterproofing layer (with an inversion scheme, on top of the insulation), an additional cake made of materials that will protect the waterproofing layer from roots, filter and drain rainwater. For these purposes, special films, dense geotextiles, gravel bedding or drainage-moisture accumulating membranes made of high density polyethylene, for example PLANTER GEO or Delta-Floraxx, are used.

Then a mixture of minerals and fertilizers is poured - the so-called soil substrate. It can be prepared independently by adding fine expanded clay (5-15%), sand (about 20 96) and fertilizers to a light soil mixture of neutral peat. As for plants, the easiest way is to restrict ourselves to meadow grasses and drought-resistant ground covers - sedum, herbaceous carnation, thyme.

They do not need to organize an irrigation system, and the thickness of the soil layer can be only 6-12 cm (this type of roof is called extensive). If you plan to walk on the roof among ornamental shrubs, you will have to provide watering and increase the thickness of the soil to 20-40 cm. Such a roof is called intensive, it creates a significant additional load on the floor, so it should be provided at the design stage of the building.

Which coating is best for a flat roof

Sheet and piece coverings are unsuitable for flat roofs: water will inevitably seep through the joints of the elements. Therefore, roll materials and mastics are used. Let's give a brief description of them.

ROLLED REINFORCED POLYMER-BITUMEN ROOF.

The mechanical strength of these materials is several times higher than that of roofing cardboard (roofing felt, roofing felt). And modifying additives increase resistance to moisture, air and ultraviolet radiation. The material is glued to the base with mastic, fixed mechanically or (most often) fused. There are coatings for the lower layers of the roof (Technoelast EPP, Uniflex EPP, Bireplast TPP, etc.) and for the upper ones (Technoelast EKP, Uniflex EKP, Gidrostekloizol TKP, etc.). The second ones are sprinkled with mineral chips that reduce the risk of fire and additionally protect against mechanical damage and UV exposure. The cost of waterproofing both types is low, respectively, from 65 and from 150 rubles. for 1 m 2 and the average service life of a roofing carpet is 15-30 years.

ROLLED PVC MEMBRANES, for example Sikaplan WP, Logicroof, Ecoplast are durable and durable (up to 30 years without repair) and do not support combustion. However, they require a professional approach to installation (the joints of the strips must be carefully welded with hot air) and are relatively expensive - from 320 rubles. for 1 m 2. It is important to consider that this material does not tolerate contact with bitumen.

ROOF COVERING OPTIONS

Traditional with external drain
1 - overlap; 2 - slope-forming screed; 3 - vapor barrier; D, 5 - mineral wool insulation; 6 - waterproofing; 7 - drain
Inversion
with internal drain
1 - screed; 2 - PVC membrane; 3 - EPS; 4 - funnel with a drainage ring; 5 - drainage membrane; 6 - sand; 7 - paving slabs

The domestic consumer has long been familiar with the features of a flat roof, and believes that it is used for multi-storey government buildings. But modern manufacturers decided to expand their market and found a new field of application for it.

Surprisingly, they have appeared with a flat roof, featuring the same set of functional features. It is suitable primarily for an area in an area in which snowy winters and strong wind flows occur at a time accompanying their manifestation.

Their capacity will quickly blow off large layers of snow, and the roof will always be clean. And powerful hurricanes will not be afraid of such a roof covering. The fact is that it will not actually exist.

But this is only part of its capabilities. It will be possible to place many useful buildings for different seasons of the year. It might be a greenhouse or a small garden, or maybe a dance floor. Other options are available based on the strength of the wearer's imagination.

But in order for everything to work out well, it is necessary to study the nuances of creating such structures. Now we will consider many questions related to this topic. To begin with, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the photos of houses with flat roofs, which have already proven their suitability for various purposes.

What is the benefit of this roof structure?

If we talk only about a private house, then they lie in the following points:

This roof option will take up a smaller area in comparison with the most gently sloping pitched modifications. This will help save on the amount of materials.

The process of its construction is noticeably faster than the installation of a gable or hip version. Due to this feature, it is much more profitable to create modern houses with a flat roof.

The comfort and safety of performing the necessary rafter work processes is ensured. It is quite spacious; it is difficult to fall from it.

It differs from the gable structure in that there is no need to carry out dismantling work from an obsolete coating. It can be used as additional waterproofing or protection. This will help save energy and time.

Its surface is suitable for use as an additional territory for organizing a flower garden, a cozy terrace, a greenhouse.

You can mount various transparent elements to help organize a beautiful view of the open starry sky at night or clouds with the sun at daytime. And an enchanting view opens up to admire the rain or a strong storm - there are fans of this state of nature.

Helps to tailor the home to the foundations of the minimalist style. He has now gained noticeable popularity.

And what are the disadvantages? - Unfortunately they are ...

If there is no strong wind, this option generously collects a mass of snow on its surface. You will need to clean it often in order to use the territory for your own purposes. It can sometimes lead to noticeable leaks.

Snow cleaning will often have to be done mechanically. They can damage the roof.

The structure of the roof is particularly complex when compared to other types of shapes. For her, you will have to organize a lot of drains. They, in turn, often become clogged.

From the pitched version of the roof covering, water flows off on its own and this happens very quickly. She does not have time to cause noticeable damage.

On the flat version, water usually stands still and accumulates as the rainfall lasts. You will have to control the moisture content of the insulation and make the coating at a small angle so that the water gradually finds the drains.

It will require less materials than pitched. But the creation itself is much more complicated. There are many subtleties about which not everyone knows, and therefore often this roof option does not come out the way it was intended.

Because of this, many believe that a flat roof in a private house is not the best option. But now domestic manufacturers have learned about the positive Western experience and have learned how to create the right materials.

And the installation specialists adopted the methods of high-quality work in this direction, and the situation began to change for the better. This approach has already been able to take root in Russia.

Is it suitable for frame versions of houses?

Yes, today you can see a frame house with a flat roof, more and more often and it is perceived as a common thing. This roof can be in two directions. For operation and without it.

If the roof is to be used, then it will adapt for the comfortable movement of people on its surface. For this, a rigid version of the screed or another version of a rigid base is used. Due to the pressure from the movement of people, the roof can leak. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the creation of reliable insulation from water.

But there is a version without human exploitation. Usually no one walks on it or rarely appears to clean its surface. The load on its area is distributed over the entire surface. But she has one significant problem. Its service life is too short. Although such a version is often used because of possible features that satisfy the situation.

There is also a classic version of a flat roof. It is often referred to as the soft roof option. It is formed by a carrier plate. Thermal insulation is laid on it on top of the vapor barrier coating. And then a bituminous version of the waterproofing in the form of rolls is rolled over the thermal insulation.

Due to its advantageous features, this option is used to form such a roof modification on a frame house more often than any others.

But experts also identify an inverted version for forming a flat roof. Sometimes this modification helps create the style of a flat roof house with the creative mind of an experienced designer. It is distinguished by the fact that the waterproofing will have to be applied to the waterproofing carpet.

This will help protect against changes in temperature exposure and ultraviolet rays from the sun, which is important if it is located in an open area and under their direct access. And this version also allows you to increase the service life - the force of impact on the waterproofing from the processes of melting or freezing of snowfalls is noticeably reduced. It is quite suitable for installing furniture, assembling a greenhouse.

Important points

For a high-quality arrangement of a flat version of the roof, in any case, laying the correct version of the carpet is required. It will help to soften the base in case of temperature or mechanical stress. This will help ensure the durability of the coating.

Now, based on the influence of Western culture, Russians are increasingly paying attention to this roof option. The domestic user realized that a cup of coffee at any time on such a roof is a great option. There is an open sky at any time. And there is constant access to clean air. This is a great option, but a pitched roof cannot offer this.

Of course, not everyone can afford such a roof. Usually, the maximum for a Russian is to go to the balcony. But over time, it will become a reality for every inhabitant of our country.

If you have the opportunity to create it today, there is no doubt that this is the best option. Today, high-tech houses are gaining great popularity and, on their basis, a flat roof is mainly used. She has already become their full-fledged companion.

Photo of houses with a flat roof

The still unusual decoration of country cottages is a flat roof. It is believed that flat roofs are intended only for urban areas or industrial buildings. But this is not the case. Roofs of houses in historic quarters are often pitched. And for a private house, you can make the roof flat.

Now we will look at what it is, what are the advantages / disadvantages and how to make a flat roof with our own hands.

Flat roof types

Structurally, flat roofs are divided into two main types: on beams and those with a concrete slab at the base.

Flat roofs are never absolutely flat, there is still a small angle (within a few degrees). This is necessary to drain the water. Otherwise, it will stagnate on the roof.

Most often, internal gutters are arranged on flat roofs: funnels are mounted in the roof, risers from them pass through the internal rooms. The funnels are placed on the lowered part of the roof, at the rate of one riser for 150-200 squares.

The waterproofing around the funnels is reinforced; cable heating is also recommended (so that the water in the riser does not freeze). If a flat roof without a parapet, and a decent angle (from 6 degrees), the gutter system can be standard external, as for pitched roofs: gutters and pipes.

Roofs are subdivided according to functionality, roofing pie arrangement and type of coverage. Here are some of the main varieties:

• The unexploited roof is flat. It is built solely for the sake of originality and material savings. The structure does not need reinforcement.

• Operated flat roof. It can be used for any purpose, from the placement of an outdoor pool to the arrangement of a car park.

The type of overlap depends on the intended purpose: it is obvious that at high expected loads, the base must be a concrete slab. But this does not mean that the entire building must be brick or concrete. For example, a flat roof in a wooden house can also be exploited. Of course, it cannot be used as a helipad, but arranging a solarium, setting up a garden or putting up a gazebo for tea drinking is quite. Of course, you cannot make a sparse crate, only a solid one.

• Traditional roofing. The classic version of the roofing cake: a waterproofing layer on top of the insulation, the base is concrete, for the outflow of water - expanded clay concrete (inclined screed).

• Inverted roof. Here, the insulation lies on top of the waterproofing and protects it from damage. The floor can be finished with paving or ceramic tiles, you can also plant a lawn here. A mandatory requirement for an inversion design is an angle of 3-5 degrees.

Roofs are attic and attic. Both types have their advantages: the presence of an attic allows you to place all the necessary communications on it (ventilation pipes, an expansion tank for heating, etc.), the attic roof can be made exploitable.

One of the options for an attic structure is a flat combined roof: the attic floor is combined with the roof, the lower side is the ceiling in the living area.

note

At a house height of ten meters and above, as well as on the operated roofs, a parapet is mandatory installed. For the operated - not less than 1.2 meters.

If the roof is not in use, and the cottage is not high, you can make a flat roof without a parapet or install fence gratings instead, or even do without them.

General flat roof device

It is obvious that the structure of the operated roofs for different purposes will differ:

The most common coating is flat roofing. This is cheapness, simplicity and high speed of installation, excellent waterproofing. The cheapest material that can be used to cover a flat roof is roofing felt.

The disadvantages of roll materials (and roofing material in particular) are low durability, low mechanical strength. For exploited roofs "with high traffic", tiles are preferable.

A flat roof made of corrugated board and a flat roof made of corrugated board can only be performed in an unexploited version and with the necessary slope. When choosing a material, you need to read the instructions for the model: some types of profiled sheets and metal tiles can be installed on roofs with a slope of less than 11 degrees.

Some grades of profiled sheet can also be used as a base for an unexploited roof, instead of plywood or concrete slab.

There are other coating materials for unexploited roofs:

• Polycarbonate;

Pros and cons of flat roofs

Advantages:

• Original look. Flat roofs are not common in cottages.
• Possibility of exploitation.
• Flat roof - easy installation and material savings. But it depends on how you plan to operate the roof. And then the construction will cost even more than the expensive pitched roof made of ceramic tiles.
• Laying, maintenance, repairs on a flat roof is easier to perform than on a slope.
• Flat roofs are wind-resistant, pitched roofs have windage.

Minuses:

• A flat roof leaks more often than a pitched roof. It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the waterproofing layer.
• The need to clean the roof from snow.
• Flat roll roofing requires more frequent repairs and changing of the coating than metal-profile, tile and other pitched roofs.

So which roof is better, flat or pitched? It is exclusively a matter of taste.

Building a flat roof

Consider the option when the profiled sheet is used as the base of the roof:

1. Sheets are laid on the beams (rafters). The step between the rafters depends on the profile. For example, for bearing profiles with a corrugation height of 6-7.5 centimeters (H60, H75), the step between the beams is 3-4 meters.

2. Laying a vapor barrier film. The film is laid with an overlap, the joints must be sealed with mounting tape.

3. Thermal insulation. For this purpose, mineral wool slabs are usually used. Please note that the lowering of the corrugation also needs to be filled with insulation.

4. Waterproofing. A polymer film is suitable for this purpose. If the insulation is mineral wool, you can also use welded waterproofing, because cotton wool is a non-combustible material.

5. Topcoat. You can also use hardfacing. A roll is slowly rolled along the roof, heating it with a burner along its entire length. The weld coating is pressed against the roof and smoothed.

6. On flat roofs it is possible to lay the fusion roof in several layers.

In other cases, a flat roof on wooden beams is arranged more traditionally: a continuous sheathing of plywood or OSB is nailed onto the beams, a roofing cake is laid (vapor barrier + basalt wool), a waterproofing layer and a roll roof are directed.

If you are interested in a flat roof with a more complex device, please contact us: we will perform a roof of any complexity quickly and at an affordable price.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Do-it-yourself flat roof - most often located on private low-rise buildings, as well as on garage buildings. This type of roofing device is ahead of its competitors. In this article, we'll explain why.

Before we talk about how to make a flat roof, we note that the term "roof" and the term "roof" are not the same thing. The term "roof" refers to those elements that are located above the living area of \u200b\u200bthe house. And the roof is a component of the roof, its top layer. It is he who protects the entire building from the effects of atmospheric influences. In these conditions, it is very important to create a reliable roof of a country house.

Having familiarized yourself with the difference between the terms, we can state that a flat roof is ideal for a house with a small area. With an impressive roof area, it is recommended to work with a whole team.

Flat roof and its features

When working on a small house with a small roof area, you can easily do without helpers.

At the beginning of the work, fasten wooden or steel beams to the supporting mills. They can help reduce most of the roof mass by directing it to the main walls and foundation.

So, we found out that the main load on the beams is the weight of the roof. But besides this, there are other loads, such as:

• The total weight of the roof and communication elements. As a rule, they are located in the attic or attached to the roof.
• The weight of a person who is repairing a roof or roof. He can also install additional equipment.
• Snow volume and weight + cold winter wind pressure.

Read expert advice on the forums, look at photos on the Internet - then you can make the right choice of load-bearing beams and avoid critical mistakes. Surely you will be interested in the article flat roof - pros and cons.

If you want to acquire a reliable and safe flat roof, then choose only a suitable roof covering (more details: ""). The choice of accompanying materials that can withstand heavy physical exertion, as well as the effects of natural disasters, is also important.

Remember to check all material specifications. To prevent negative consequences, carry out a thorough hydro and vapor barrier.

1. Lay a “pie” of several materials on the slabs (they must have different properties).
2. The first layer is a vapor barrier. Its function is to protect the insulation layer from moisture ingress. A polymer-bitumen film is used as a material for vapor barrier. Moreover, it is often reinforced with fiberglass, and then a flat roof is installed. Place the edges of the film on the verticals of the slabs. It is very important to carefully and accurately seal the seams, as well as understand.
3. On top of the vapor barrier, lay insulation. If expanded clay is used, fill it with a mass of concrete. When constructing a lightweight roof, the polymer insulation must be fixed immediately to the vapor barrier.
4. Moisture insulation is the main layer for a roof without slopes. For the device of this element, you will need membrane or polymer-bitumen materials.

DIY flat roof for cold rooms

There are buildings that do not have heating. These include sheds and gazebos. They are supposed to create a slope to drain water from the roof. To do this, you just need to equip the roof at the smallest angle.

When constructing a sloped flat roof, its support beams should be located at a slight angle. Boards will be fixed to the beams. This will be a kind of basis for rolled roofing material (in more detail: "").

For the installation of a rolled roofing felt carpet, you will need a frame made of boards. For this it is best to use thin wood planks or steel strips. Secure them along the slope. In this case, the step should be 70 cm. But you should not block the path of water flowing from the roof. The slope percentage of such a roof is no more than 3%. In other words, it is 3 cm per meter of length.

Construction of flat roofs for warm rooms

Consider the nuances of equipping a flat roof for heated houses:

1. First of all, lay a layer of boards on the supporting beams, having previously done it. After that, you should carry out the laying of roofing material or roofing material. Their canvases should be positioned using the overlap method. In this case, the length should be 15 cm.
2. Expanded clay is laid on top of roofing material (you can use slag or other material). Before backfilling the insulation, check that the slope is directed towards the drainage of precipitation.
3. The third stage is filling the insulation layer with cement. After preparing the screed, treat it with a bitumen primer.
4. Only a completely finished screed will be ready to accept rolled roofing material.

As you study the construction of a flat roof, you will see for yourself that roofs with a large pitch between the support beams require several people. It is advisable to invite professional craftsmen who will complete all the necessary work in the shortest possible time.

When attaching support beams, the distance between them must be observed. It should be no more than 1 m.

Monolithic concrete flat roof construction

The first step is to calculate the roof span. If it is 5 m, then 15 cm beams are used. Speaking in professional construction language, this is the "fifteenth I-beam".

To create a monolithic roof, it is recommended to use grade 250 concrete. When creating a concrete solution at the construction site, it is advisable to use a concrete mixer. Otherwise, you are unlikely to reach the correct mortar consistency. To obtain concrete for a flat roof, it is necessary to mix crushed stone with particles of 20 mm and cement, grade PC-400.

When calculating the components, adhere to the following rules: for eight buckets of rubble - three buckets of cement, 4 buckets of sand, and two buckets of water. If there is not enough water, you can add more, this is not critical.

Insulation of a flat roof with foam concrete, see the video:

Further, the boards are fastened to the lower beam flanges. Roofing material is laid on the dry surface of the boards. Then, a reinforced mesh of a periodic profile is laid on top. The diameter of this element should not be less than 1 cm.The size of the cells in this case is 20x20 cm.

In order not to repair a flat roof, the places of the lining of the mesh rods are fixed with a knitting wire. Option with glue is possible. Ultimately, the mesh should not slip when pouring the screed.

For complete coverage with concrete, small pieces of crushed stone are usually laid out at the bottom of the mesh. Due to this, a gap of 4 cm is left. It is necessary to delimit the mesh and the roofing material layer. Pouring is done in the openings between the beams. Recall that their thickness should be at least 15 cm.

After all the actions, the concrete is covered with a polyethylene film. This is especially true if the work is carried out at high temperatures. Covering the surface will prevent moisture from evaporating from the concrete solution. This, in turn, will protect the top layer from cracking.

The concrete must be under the film for at least three days. After completely drying the concrete mass, pour a layer of insulation. Don't forget about the slopes. The next step is to create a screed and mount the rolled carpet.

We insulate a flat roof

Today, a common phenomenon is the replacement of a flat roof with a pitched one. However, the flat roof is supported by the fact that it can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside. And after it is completed.

Previously, solid insulation boards were used for insulation. However, with this option, the roofing weight significantly increased. Having studied past experience, modern construction has moved away from this method of insulation. Today, most often flat roofs are insulated with basalt mineral wool. This is a fairly lightweight material. In addition, it boasts good thermal conductivity and moisture resistance.

Note that basalt mineral wool does not undergo combustion processes. In addition, it tolerates even the most negative effects of nature.

Many people are used to thinking that it is customary to erect flat roofs only on multi-storey buildings and industrial buildings. Recently, however, this type of roofing has become increasingly used in the construction of private houses. A flat roof in a private house is easily constructed, taking into account modern technologies and a variety of building materials.

They are distinguished by 4 types:

• Exploited. The main feature of this type is a fairly strong base, otherwise there is a possibility of damage to the waterproofing layer. Corrugated board or concrete screed, acting as a base, allow you to create the necessary slope for arranging the drain. Thermal insulation on such a roof must be resistant to severe loads. All this is done in order to use the roof of the house in any capacity, whether it be a working platform or a recreation area.
• Unexploited. Here, the rigidity of the base of the flat roof structure is not as important as in the above variant. And the strength of the insulation also does not play a significant role. This roof is cheaper than the operated one, but it will also last a shorter period.
• Traditional. A feature of their design is the periodicity of layers - waterproofing goes above thermal insulation. Here, at the base there is a reinforced concrete slab, and an inclined expanded clay concrete screed is used for the drain.
• Inversion. The flat roof device in this version has practically no problems with water leaks. Here the thermal insulation is located above the waterproofing, which gives the latter protection from ultraviolet rays and the effects of temperature fluctuations. Such a roofing device is the most durable and functional, which opens up a lot of opportunities for using the roof space.

Important! Angles in the range from 3 to 5 degrees are considered optimal for the slope of the inversion type of flat roof.

The advantages and disadvantages of this design

A flat roof in a private house, like other types of roofs, has a number of pros and cons. It is worth considering the advantages that determine its popularity in modern construction:

• Smaller area than other types of roofs - and this saves effort and money;
• Convenience and safety of work - it is quite difficult to fall from a straight horizontal surface, and all the necessary tools are at hand;
• Fast construction - as a consequence of the first two advantages, such work is done much faster;
• Ease of maintenance and replacement of roofing - the dismantling of worn-out parts is usually not carried out, but a new pie is laid directly on the old one;
• The use of additional territory - the arrangement of an exploited roof opens up great prospects;
• It is possible to install transparent roof elements - the view of the open sky on the ceiling is extremely tempting for many;
• Giving your home clear geometric shapes - if the drawing of the house allows, then you can give it a unique look with the help of such a design, especially considering that minimalism is now extremely popular.

It is also worth mentioning the disadvantages of this design:

• Snow and leaves periodically accumulate - sometimes mechanical cleaning of the roof is required;
• A more complex structure - the presence of gutters suggests their inevitable blockages, especially in bad weather;
• Regular control - the moisture content of the insulation and the general condition of the roof must be constantly checked;

It is not surprising that some people may have doubts about the reliability of this type of structure. But judging by the experience of owners of private houses with a similar roof both in Russia and abroad, this type of roof successfully functions and pleases its owners.

DIY flat roof installation

Now on the Internet you can find many photos of houses with flat roofs of a wide variety of designs. Interested in the question of how to make a flat roof with your own hands? Before you build a roof, you first need to familiarize yourself with the drawing of the house and make sure of its technical characteristics.

The design features of a flat roof depend on many factors. If this is an unheated room and the roof is being erected by hand, then it is enough to install support beams, on which the base is then laid from uncut boards fastened with screws or nails. When installing a flat roof on a garage, roofing material is often used as waterproofing due to its cheapness. Stripes of roofing material are applied in the direction of the roof slope, fixing them with wooden or steel slats. A flat roof with your own hands on an unheated room is created quite easily - here all the work can be done by one person without anyone's help.

When installing a flat roof on a private house, which is planned to be heated, the following procedure is familiar:

• Installation of floor beams. Strict adherence to the horizontal is necessary. Here and in the subsequent stages, the participation of several workers will be required.
• Installation of flooring. Usually, an uncut board with a thickness of no more than 5 cm is taken.

Important! The size of the lumber section increases in proportion to the distance between the support beams.

• Laying waterproofing.
• Insulation laying. In this case, the backfill insulation is reinforced with a concrete screed that dries for a couple of days.
• After the screed has dried, a bitumen-based primer is applied to it, then roofing material is laid and glued.

The structure of the roofing cake

In order to make the roof reliably protected from moisture, it is necessary to place the materials in layers one above the other - this arrangement is extremely important. The standard base is made of concrete slabs or profiled metal. It is capable of supporting the weight of the entire structure above, transferring it to the load-bearing partitions, which, in turn, transfer it to the foundation of the house.

Important! The operated roof must have the most solid foundation.

Then there are the standard layers: vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproofing. When choosing a flat roof roof, you should be guided by the preferences of the owner and the capabilities of the building itself. From a huge cottage to a small cozy house built many years ago, houses with a flat roof will be reliably protected from various environmental influences for many years.