Insulation of the house outside: selection of materials, main standards and installation procedure. Exterior decoration and insulation of the facade of the house, modern materials and technologies Facade insulation of the house

At a time when everyone wants to reduce all costs, owners of private houses and apartments in multi-story buildings are looking for effective ways of insulation and facade decoration.

These two processes cannot exist without each other. The heat insulator requires protection from external influences, and the finish on its own does not always cope with the task of retaining heat.

You can insulate both new and old buildings. Moreover, if a person only plans to build his own house, then in terms of it is better to immediately note what the finish will be, as well as calculate the insulation layer. The old building is a bit more complicated, because over time cracks and voids appear in the walls, so the thickness of the insulation will have to be increased.

You should not choose the cheapest option, it is important to choose absolutely all the materials correctly. If they differ in technical properties, then difficulties and problems may arise during operation. What does it mean? Let's take a closer look:

1. Materials must have the ability to pass steam. This is especially important if this indicator is high for the main material. If this factor is ignored, moisture will accumulate under the insulation, which will lead to the rapid destruction of the supporting structure. In addition, the indoor climate will also deteriorate.
2. The thickness of the insulation is selected according to climatic conditions, as well as the material and thickness of the main wall.
3. It is important to fix all the elements correctly.
4. Be sure to take into account the strength of the house. For buildings with a long service life, you should not choose a heavy cladding, the walls can simply collapse.

Seek help from a professional if there is a need to insulate and finish the facade of the house. There are many nuances in this matter that are unknown to a person who does not have a specific education. Take the time and money to do everything correctly and efficiently.

What insulation to choose for the house

There are many options for insulation. The building materials market offers well-known types of mineral wool and very modern technologies with the application of polyurethane foam. But when choosing a material, the following points should be taken into account:

1. Location of the house on the cardinal points. For southern walls, you can choose a thinner insulation than for others. From this side, the sun warms up the surface all day, because the rooms are always warmer.
2. Climatic conditions of the region.
3. What the foundation is made of.
4. What will be the facing.

A specific structure requires individual calculations and options. Given these nuances, you can achieve maximum results. This means that over time, heating costs will become less, but at the same time, the comfort of staying in rooms will not worsen.

Styrofoam

This insulation has long been on the market of building materials and is very popular among developers. Polyfoam has a large number of advantages, but it could not do without disadvantages. Let's start with the positive points, because it is they who make the heat insulator popular:

• affordable price. The cost is relatively low because it is available to customers with different incomes;
• excellent thermal insulation performance. Reduces heat loss by 60–70%;
• moisture repellent properties;
• resistant to mold and mildew development;
• can be mounted without choosing weather conditions;
• quick and easy installation;
• light weight.

The list is large enough, which is really impressive. But do not forget about the shortcomings. Consider them:

1. Poorly leaks moisture from the interior. This point does not allow the use of polystyrene for decorating houses made of wood or aerated concrete. Such decoration and insulation will be simply meaningless, since moisture will accumulate in the base, which will lead to the rapid development of mold, and therefore destruction.
2. If a poor-quality material was purchased, there is a high probability of ignition of the heat-insulating layer. Because the foam is considered dangerous for wooden buildings. A high-quality version is covered with flame retardants that resist fire, but the foam will begin to melt, with the release of caustic substances.
3. It is unstable to ultraviolet and organic solvents. Therefore, immediately after installation, it is required to close the casing and carefully select the adhesive composition.
4. Rodent insulation is used to create nests. Therefore, if the house is located where there are many rodents, it is not advisable to use polystyrene.

Consider both positive and negative points. Depends on it and
insulation quality and safety of residents.

Extruded Styrofoam

They are made on the basis of polystyrene, like polystyrene, but the production is significantly different. This explains the presence of technical characteristics that are not available in foam.

• increased density. If insulation requires a 10 cm thick foam sheet, then 5 cm thick polystyrene foam can easily replace it;
• strength improved - withstands large mechanical loads;
• longer term of operation;
• resistance to sunlight and chemically active substances.

In addition, extruded polystyrene or foam (the second name for insulation) does not absorb moisture from the environment and has soundproofing properties. There are several disadvantages:

1. Cost is higher than polystyrene foam.
2. It does not pass steam, which means that it is impossible to use it as a heater for a house from a bar or porous blocks.
3. When melted, it releases harmful substances.

Ecowool

This is a completely new thermal insulation material. It consists of cellulose fibers and additional components that improve the properties of the insulation. The main positive points of use are as follows:

• isolates from noise and heat loss;
• stacked in a continuous layer, without seams;
• safe for the environment and humans;
• has a steam capacity.

Of the disadvantages of ecowool, a complex styling process is distinguished. In order for the layer to be as uniform as possible, a special machine should be used to fill the voids. In addition, working with the device is difficult, and it is expensive. The insulation is easily ignited, therefore it is strictly forbidden to use around chimneys and boilers.

For safety, borax and boric acid are added as flame retardants. It also contributes to the fact that rodents and insects do not start in ecowool.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool has been used for a very long time, but today it has not lost its position in the construction market. All thanks to the exceptional technical properties:

1. Universality of application - suitable for any basis.
2. Reduces heat loss, as well as the penetration of noise from the environment.
3. Quickly and in large quantities passes moisture from the interior.
4. Fire safety - material does not burn.
5. Environmental Safety.
6. Rodents do not start.

But there are a few negative points. We pay attention to them:

1. Fragility - the need to work in protective clothing.
2. Quickly absorbs moisture from the environment - the use of hydrobarriers eliminates this disadvantage.
3. Low strength.
4. Over time, it can settle. But properly securing it will extend its life.
5. High price.

The choice of finishing materials

Exterior decoration of the house with insulation necessarily requires the use of facing materials. All thermal insulation materials require protection from the effects of negative factors. If this is not done, then the insulation will not be able to perform its functions. Therefore, you should choose the material for decorating the walls from the outside.

Clinker

This cladding has been known for over 200 years. But today they create material using modern technologies, which allows us to make high-quality products. It can be a facing brick, clinker tile or a sandwich panel with an external decorative layer.

The clinker has the following properties:

1. Natural color from red-orange to dark brown and even black.
2. High strength, even the thinnest tiles.
3. Resistance to abrasion, therefore, they are used both for the blind area and for tracks.
4. Withstands the influence of solar radiation.
5. Does not absorb moisture.
6. Skips steam.
7. Serves over 100 years.

Decorative plaster

And this option for facade decoration has long been known. Today there are ready-made compositions that greatly simplify the process of decorating the facade. In addition, special components are added to the mixture that improve the properties of the applied layer and extend its service life.

Manufacturers also offer decorative bark beetle plasters. With their help, an original pattern can be made on the external wall. It will not only decorate the facade, but also highlight the house from the overall picture of buildings. Such a facade is easy to update. It is enough to paint the walls and the house will be transformed again.

For any base and insulation there is the right version of the plaster composition. Therefore, without fear, they cover with plaster the houses and cottages made of wood, foam block or brick. It is worth saying that this version of the exterior also has thermal insulation properties.

Decorative rock

For those who want to make the appearance of the house as natural as possible, but there is not enough money for natural stone, an artificial stone was invented. Outwardly, it is practically no different from natural. At the same time, manufacturers are trying to create maximum diversity.

Technical characteristics of the decorative analogue are as close as possible to the natural material. The advantage is ease of installation. Artificial stone is made in the form of plates that can be glued to a flat base or fixed on.

The only drawback of some options is the hygroscopicity of the surface. But special water repellents will protect the finish. Be sure to regularly update the protective layer, which extends the service life.

Work Execution Technologies

Before choosing a material for insulation and decoration, you should first decide on the technology that will be used to process the facade. The set of materials that will be needed will depend on this. There are two main technologies:

• dry.

We will understand how they differ and, necessarily, features.

Wet facade

This technology has become known as liquid mixtures are used in the process of arrangement. After drying, there is no trace of moisture left because there is nothing to worry about. The main components of this technology are:

• glue;
• dense insulation;
• waterproofing layer;
• reinforcing mesh;
• waterproofing;
• soil solution;
• decorative material.

Most often, facade plaster is used as a decor. But you can use decorative tiles, which have a small weight. Each element of the “wet” facade is an important component, without which it is impossible to create a reliable structure.

Therefore, they finish the facade, adhering to just such a plan. Having applied one coat, it is allowed to dry well. Even a small amount of moisture in the previous layer will lead to a deterioration in the attractiveness of the finish.

Dry method

This technology involves the use of mechanical fasteners to fix the layers. For this, a frame is constructed, which is the basis for fixing decorative materials, such as siding, corrugated board or other panels, and support for insulation.

The dry facade consists of:

• waterproofing;
• any insulation;
• windproof membrane;
• a frame made of wood or metal (the crate can be installed before fixing the insulation or after);
• ventilation gap - a space where the air flow removes moisture coming out of the interior;
• decorative cladding.

If the task is not to insulate the house, but only to update the appearance, then you can do without heat-insulating material. But still, insulation will allow much longer to keep warm in the rooms.

Cost

To calculate how much the decoration and insulation of the facade of the house will cost, you can use the online calculator, which can be found on the websites of construction companies or manufacturers of materials. The price of a question depends on many factors:

1. Ground conditions.
2. The volume of work.
3. Technology performance.
4. Type, and hence the cost of insulation.
5. Facing material.
6. The work will be done by yourself or by a professional team.

Therefore, for each house, calculations are made individually. Buying all the components by eye is not worth it, because it is not always possible to choose a finish of the same color.

Insulation of house facades is a very popular procedure not only among owners of private country cottages, but also among owners of commercial buildings, it is also often used by contractors of housing maintenance offices for the overhaul of old-built city houses.

The main advantages of external insulation work on the building are the preservation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe internal space of the premises and the transfer of the boundary of condensate formation due to the temperature difference of the environment (otherwise called the “dew point”) on the outer layer of thermal insulation. In a properly insulated facade, air gaps must be provided to ensure condensation is weathering, not allowing it to accumulate, soak into the insulation, reducing its heat-insulating properties, and become a breeding ground for mold and fungus.

How to insulate the facade

The range of insulation materials on the shelves of construction stores is quite wide. These include glass, mineral and basalt wool, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, foam insulation, ecowool, polyurethane foam, various warming plaster mixes, foamed cellular glass. All these materials have different heat-insulating and strength characteristics, and the decision on their use in facade insulation should be made based on the material of the external walls and the chosen technology of work.

There are not so many reliable and proven ways to provide the house with external thermal insulation. Much depends on the design of the building itself, on the means laid down for insulation work, and on the degree of professionalism of the work.

The general rule when warming a house from the outside is the integrated use of moisture protection and vapor barrier, along with insulation, and compliance with the rules for working with the selected material.

Masonry insulation
This method is also called "well masonry." It is used mainly at the stage of erecting the walls of a brick house, laying out a brick with a gap between the thickness of the bearing wall and the outer row. This gap is filled with insulation material, for example, ecowool or foam, followed by backfilling with expanded clay. Using this method, it is necessary to provide a strong bond of the front row and the inside, making brick dressings at certain intervals.

In the case when the facade is insulated on an already completed brick, monolithic or block house, work begins with building the foundation. To do this, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the building to be insulated, along the supporting foundation. Its depth should exceed the level of soil freezing, preferably on a par with the already existing foundation. Waterproofing is placed in the trench, a reinforcing cage is created and concrete is poured. Given that the masonry along the facade, even made of lightweight facing bricks, will have considerable weight, you should wait for the solidified base to solidify before continuing with work.

Sheets of insulation material are attached to the load-bearing wall with special dowel anchors made of metal and polymer. Anchors have wide pressure pads in the middle, which hold the insulation. The elongated shanks of dowel anchors are embedded in the outer masonry and provide a mechanical connection between the load-bearing and front walls. It is important to provide an air gap between the insulation layer and the outer wall to prevent condensation, and provide ventilation openings in the outermost masonry. If this is not possible, then it is imperative to cover the insulation material with a vapor barrier.

“Wet facade”
This technology got its name due to the application of several layers of liquid plaster. The pre-primed facade walls are glued with insulation panels, usually fire-resistant foam. Additionally, the insulation is fixed with polymer dowels with wide caps. Corners and window tides are reinforced with perforated aluminum corners. Then the surface is covered with an adhesive composition, on which a reinforcing fiberglass mesh is placed to prevent cracking. After the glue dries, the facade is covered with a layer of water-repellent protective plaster or polymer. The next stage is decorative plaster.

Curtain wall
This method of insulation is also called the “ventilated facade”. Its basis is the installation of a rigid metal frame around the perimeter of the house. The profile for the frame can be aluminum or steel, with galvanization. With the help of dowels, an insulating material is attached to the supporting wall, which is covered with a windproof vapor-permeable membrane. Then, facing panels made of ceramic granite or metal with a polymer coating are installed on the external fastening elements of the frame. In this case, joints and seams are not sealed, and air circulates freely between the outer skin and the insulation, preventing the formation of condensate.

This type of insulation material is a rigid polystyrene or polyurethane foam panel, with clinker cladding tiles on the outside. These panels are installed directly on the supporting wall and are fixed with self-tapping screws or dowels-nails.

Additionally, cement or adhesive is applied to the inner surface. Installation is carried out in rows from the lower left corner of the building. The gaps between the panels are filled with polyurethane foam, and on top - frost-resistant grout. Upon completion of work, the appearance of the building does not differ from that insulated by the “well laying” method, while the cost of materials and the duration of the work are much lower.

Warming "under a siding"
When the facade of the building is planned to be finished with siding, then various types of stone or glass wool, as well as polystyrene foam, foamed polyester and even rolled materials, can act as insulation. In the case of the latter, they are attached directly to the walls, and then pressed by a rack crate. If a dense insulation material is used, then a lattice frame is first formed, in whose cells insulation sheets will be tightly inserted. Additionally, the insulation is fixed with dowels with plate caps, and all joints are glued with a mounting tape.

On top of the lattice of the frame, filled with insulation, moisture and wind protection are attached. Then, a counter-lattice is constructed from a thin beam, which presses the protective membranes and will act as the base for securing the siding. Another function of the second lathing is to create a ventilation gap between the facade cladding and insulation. Ensuring free air circulation is a prerequisite to prevent the appearance of fungus and mold, which perfectly develop in a humid environment.

Video: 10 stages of facade insulation with foam

Master of Architecture, graduated from Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.

Facade insulation is relevant for both owners of new homes and old private houses. Outside walls should reliably protect the building from the cold. This will require a high-quality and effective heat insulator. The cost of heating and the comfort of living will depend on how good a good insulation layer has been chosen.

How to choose a material

Wall insulation from the outside can be carried out with different materials. A wide range is presented on the market. But what is better to insulate the facade of the house? The answer to a question depends on several factors. And it’s not always worth believing the manufacturer’s advertising.

Warming the facade of the house with modern materials will be useless without observing the technology. This should also be taken into account when preparing for work. Before warming the house outside, you need to understand the nuances of the process.

Thermal insulation for walls can be divided into two large groups:

• inorganic;
• organic.

The second group has more representatives. This includes products of the chemical industry: polystyrene foam (polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam), natural ecowool. Choosing how to insulate the facade of the house outside, first of all, you need to pay attention to physical properties.

Styrofoam

Such thermal insulation belongs to the class of foamed polymers. Polyfoam is highly efficient, easy to install, fairly good noise isolation. Another advantage is the affordable price. But the disadvantages of such material are significantly greater. To choose the better to insulate the walls of the house outside, it is important to consider that polystyrene has such qualities as:

• flammability;
• fragility (service life is rarely more than 10-20 years);
• poor vapor permeability (additional ventilation is required);
• instability to the simultaneous effects of cold and moisture (the material crumbles into separate balls);
• low strength.

It is likely that the material will release toxic styrene during aging.. The concentration is small, and when insulated from the outside, the substance practically does not penetrate the room, but this property makes the manufacturer's statements about environmental friendliness doubt.

Extruded Styrofoam

To insulate the house with your own hands outside, you can use extruded polystyrene foam or, more simply, foam. This material is a close relative of the foam. It has all its advantages and some disadvantages. But compared with the previous version, it is devoid of such important disadvantages as:

• instability to moisture and cold;
• low strength;
• fragility.

Flammability and low vapor permeability remain. Although some manufacturers increase the fire resistance class by introducing special additives, it is not possible to obtain completely non-combustible material.

Do-it-yourself insulation of the facade of a wooden house is not recommended with a foam or foam. Owners appreciate such buildings for the naturalness of the materials and the ability of the walls to “breathe”. External insulation with polystyrene completely blocks the movement of air. In this case, additional forced ventilation may even be required, since natural ventilation will not be enough.. Polystyrenes can easily turn a building into a greenhouse, this is worth remembering when deciding how to insulate a house from the outside.

Ecowool

Such material deserves the title of eco-friendly insulation, since it is completely made from cellulose fibers. External wall insulation with such material is not subject to decay and is not attractive to rodents. This can be achieved by adding to the composition of minerals: boric acid and borax.

Warming the house outside with ecowool has a loose structure. The material has high soundproofing performance, good air permeability. This option is perfect if you need to perform the insulation of a wooden or frame building. The beneficial properties of wood are not lost.

When using material on timber or log walls, wet application is performed. Wet ecowool is sprayed onto the surface and then allowed to dry. The material adheres well enough to the wall and forms a warm shell. The final stage of work is the plastering of the facade or its decoration with various materials.

Warming of the facades of buildings constructed using frame technology is carried out by the dry method. Ecowool simply falls asleep in the cavity between the outer and inner skin.

Mineral wool

What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside inexpensively and efficiently? Here, the first place is confidently held by mineral wool. The material has good thermal insulation performance, is relatively inexpensive. In addition, it should be noted the clear installation technology and ease of processing. Mineral wool is safe for humans.

To choose a material, you need to consider three types of mineral wool:

• Stone (usually basalt) is produced in hard plates. It has all of these benefits. It will be the best option for doing the work yourself.
• Glass is available in roll mats.. The main disadvantage is the inconvenience during installation. Glass wool splits and causes irritation. Particles can enter the lungs, which also will not lead to good. When using such material, it is strongly recommended to wear protective clothing, gloves and a protective mask.
• Slag will be the cheapest option. But is it worth saving when building your home? Insulation for the walls of the house outside in this case is made from industrial waste.

When using mineral wool, you need to know several important points. To properly insulate the surface, you need to use vapor barrier (fastened from the side of warm air) and waterproofing (from the cold side). These layers protect the material that can absorb water. In the wet state, cotton wool practically does not provide thermal insulation. To remove condensate from the outer surface of the material between the insulation and the exterior finish, provide a ventilation gap of 3-5 cm wide. This layer must necessarily communicate with the outside air.

Work Execution Technologies

How to insulate a house outside? Two methods are used for this. Both can be used for almost any insulation material. The type of heat insulator almost does not affect the technology. But you need to take into account certain manufacturer's recommendations. For example, as in the case of mineral wool, when ventilation clearance is required.

Two technologies are distinguished:

• wet insulation of facades;
• dry method when applying a decorative coating fixed to the frame.

Wet facade

This method has a relatively low cost, less loads the foundations of the building. But it is important to note that a decorative coating cannot guarantee reliable protection against mechanical influences.

The insulation of the external walls in this case is covered with a layer of plaster. Its thickness is usually 40 mm. To ensure strength, use a reinforcing mesh (fiberglass or metal mesh netting).

Warming and decoration of the facade of the house are carried out in the following order:

1. cleaning the wall from contamination, leveling defects, surface treatment with a primer;
2. fixing vapor barrier material if necessary (for foam and mineral wool);
3. installation of insulation boards on the adhesive (not relevant for ecowool, it is simply sprayed to the surface);
4. additional fixation with plastic dowels;
5. applying a glue solution to the surface of the insulation;
6. mesh reinforcement;
7. applying an adhesive primer after the glue has dried;
8. plastering the surface.

How to insulate the facade of a wooden house with mineral wool? Only the wet method is suitable here. For other materials, you can choose one of two options.

Finishing and warming the facade of a house using this technology has one important drawback: over time, the plaster can begin to fall off. This is especially true if the external insulation of the facades was carried out using a metal mesh. It is recommended to choose a more expensive, but modern fiberglass.

Dry method

Insulation and decoration of facades in this case involves the presence of facing material. Most often they use siding, lining, composite panels, etc. Do-it-yourself insulation of houses outside will require the installation of a frame for attaching the cladding. A step-by-step instruction is as follows:

1. Surface cleaning from contamination, alignment of large defects.
2. Fixing vapor barrier material, if needed.
3. Mounting the frame for insulation from wooden blocks or boards. When using a metal profile, the racks are installed after the material for wall insulation from the outside is fixed. At this stage, you only need to provide brackets for mounting the racks.
4. The next step is attaching the heat insulator to the glue. Below you need to provide a starting profile, which will serve as a support for the first row. After the adhesive has dried, the insulation of the facade with your own hands is additionally fixed on plastic dowels, fungi.
5. On top of mineral wool or polystyrene, waterproofing and wind protection should be fixed. For these purposes, it is recommended to choose a modern vapor diffusion hydro-windproof membrane. How to fix it? The membrane or film is fixed to the construction stapler. Joints are made with an overlap of at least 10 cm and glued with tape.
6. After completing all the steps, you can proceed with the installation of the cladding. How to finish the facade in each case should be indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.

Dry walls can be insulated in almost any weather. This favorably distinguishes the option from the previous one. Deciding how best to insulate the house depends on the type of finish chosen.

Material Thickness Calculation

This item will be an important milestone. Before insulating the walls, you will need to determine the thickness of the insulation. It is important to know that the value for the wooden facade and for the brick will be different. This is because the wood retains heat better. Also, the indicator depends on the climatic region of construction and the purpose of the building.

The calculation can be performed in three ways:

• according to the formulas from the joint venture “Thermal protection of buildings”;
• using the Teremok program;
• using various online calculators. The best option would be the Teremok program. It allows you to make an accurate calculation and is easy to use. There is both an online version and a PC application.

For each facade, warming is a mandatory procedure that allows you to keep warm in the house and provide it with an aesthetic appearance. And in order to solve this problem, there is no need to resort to the services of specialists - everything can be done independently. The main thing is not to be mistaken with the materials, to know what operations need to be performed and in what sequence.

To date, various options are known for the methods of conducting work on the insulation of house facades. And the most popular options will be discussed below.

Materials for thermal insulation

When conducting external and internal insulation, the choice is most often made on materials such as mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and liquid heaters.

Minvata

The main advantages of mineral wool is low price, availability, as well as the lack of problems in use. It is also worth mentioning the excellent properties of heat and noise insulation. A serious threat to this insulation is moisture, contact with which deprives the material of its properties. For this reason, mineral wool should be used in combination with high-quality waterproofing.

Expanded polystyrene

Quite often, during the insulation of the facade, polystyrene foam is used. He managed to gain high popularity due to simplicity in processing, resistance to decay, lightness. This insulator can be used for bonding with other building materials.

Polyurethane foam

In terms of technology, this material is a spray insulatorwhen used, a thin dense layer appears on the surface, not containing a single seam. Among the advantages inherent in this insulation, it is worth highlighting the ability to retain heat, resistance to burning, moisture resistance. At the same time, it is not without its drawbacks, which include the high price and difficulties with laying, which can only be done with special equipment.

Liquid insulation

Liquid insulation (“heat paint”) is also able to provide high quality during facade insulation. Its feature is the presence of radiation in the form of which heat is distributed. In terms of efficiency, it is superior to other materials. When working with paint there is no difficulty, the process of applying it takes a minimum of time and does not require much effort.

Isolation methods

When executing the facade, you can select one of the existing methods:

• internal;
• external;
• by creating structures in the thickness of the wall.

And most often resort to external insulation. The reason for this is that this method is very effective. The fact is that it does not allow external factors to harm the structures of the structure. Therefore, they are not afraid of the cold, and the formation of condensate in the inner layers is also excluded. In addition, this material has excellent sound insulation properties and a long service life.

All currently known facade insulation systems can be classified into three types:

• light plaster;
• heavy;
• based on well masonry with a three-layer system.

Lightweight plastering systems

The insulation plate is used as the basis, for fixing which dowels, glue are used on the wall, after which they are covered with a layer of plaster. The entire structure should have a thickness of not more than 16 mm. To obtain a good result, the plaster should be distributed evenly.

Heavy systems

Anchors are used as fasteners, on which a reinforcing mesh is fixed. As a result, the total thickness can reach 52 mm. The use of a steel mesh that acts as a carrier does not allow thermal effects on the layers.

Well masonry

The peculiarity of such a system is that the thickness of the enclosing structures acts as the location of the insulator. The essence of the method consists in laying insulation on the load-bearing wall, when calculating the thickness of which the needs for providing protection from the cold are taken into account.

Polyfoam has become widespread when warming facades not only due to affordability, but also because of the efficiency and ease of operation, in which no one can compare with it. Using this material allows you to protect the building from the negative effects of atmospheric humidity, temperature fluctuations. Walls insulated by this method are characterized by inertia of temperature, in other words, the heat does not leave the house even when the heating devices are inactive.

Comprehensive wall preparation

To start the insulation of the facade of the house should be with the preparation of the surface. In the case of laying new insulation will have to clean the facade of the old plaster. You also need to get rid of any dirt and various defects. Then the surface is covered with a layer of primer or plaster.

Fixing profile installation

• vertical;
• horizontal;
• combined.

Although the costs in the first method are minimal, however, the half-timbers have to experience a large load due to torsion and bending. Therefore, only relatively light material can be used for decoration.

In the vertical method, the weight of the facing material is less important, but when it is laid, it is necessary to use brackets of increased strength.

The third method is most preferred due to the lack of difficulties in its implementation. For this, installation of horizontal guides to the main wall is carried out, and vertical supporting ones are already mounted on them.

Foam coating with adhesive

If the wall surface does not have irregularities, glue should be applied to the foam evenly using a notched trowel. In the presence of defects it is necessary to use pendulums. During operation, the wall is covered with adhesive, taking it in small quantities and placing it close enough to each other.

Installation of insulation sheets

When installing insulator boards, it is important to ensure their horizontal position. The reference point is selected from the bottom, moving up step by step. Particular attention should be paid to ensure that the material lies flat, and to clean the boards from the remnants of the adhesive mixture. It is important to ensure a tight fit of the foam to avoid the appearance of large gaps.

Dowel

The process of fixing with dowels consists of two stages:

Installation of reinforcing elements

The mechanical properties and environmental factors can have a negative effect on the properties of the foam. It is the protection against them that the reinforcing layer will provide. First, the alignment of the angles is carried out, after which glue is applied to the insulator with a layer of 0.2 cm. The operation is completed by immersing in the adhesive reinforcing mesh, which can be made of aluminum or fiberglass, and leveling the surface.

Decorative plastering

In order to comply with the technology of insulating facades with foam, at the last stage it is covered with decorative plaster. For the high-quality performance of this operation, it is necessary to maintain the optimum thickness of the finishing layer.

The first step is to prepare the walls. If the facade of the house is made of wood, then on it apply an antiseptic. For brick and concrete surfaces, the removal of old paint and plaster is mandatory. It is possible to lay mineral wool only on dry walls.

When the wall surface is ready, a vapor barrier membrane is laid on it. The operation is overlapped so that the vapor-permeable part faces the wall of the house. To seal the seams, use adhesive tape.

At the next stage, they begin to install the frame, the inner space of which will be filled with insulation. Most often, wooden racks or a metal profile are used for the frame. To install the crate to the wall using screws or dowels, nails. Planks should be placed in increments that should be smaller by a few centimeters of the width of the insulator used.

Next is the frame space filled with heat insulator. When using rolled materials, they must be laid on top. If you have to work with the plates, then the installation is carried out from below. To fix the insulation, you can use dowels or it is simply fixed until it stops between the trims.

When the insulation takes its place, a waterproofing layer is laid on it. For this, a vapor-permeable film is used. Then moisture will not accumulate inside. Installation of waterproofing to the rails is carried out using a stapler. This should be done carefully, avoiding excessive tension.

Having finished laying the waterproofing, it is necessary to strengthen the created structure, using dowels with wide hats for this purpose. Damaged areas should be covered with tape.

At the last stage of work, it is necessary to create a ventilated facade. It is necessary to take the crate and fix the slats to it, after which they begin to install the finishing material on them.

Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam

The use of polyurethane foam also allows you to perform high-quality insulation of the facade of the house. Moreover, this design begins to give less heat and at the same time will protected against moisture. This material is versatile in terms of its application. With its help, you can carefully close up any cracks, as a result of which a strong monolithic layer is created that perfectly retains heat and protects from external noise.

Thermopanels

If it is necessary to carry out insulation of the facade of a country house, then it is most reasonable to use thermal panels that simplify this process and reduce implementation costs. The place of their installation may be a special crate or a wall of a building. Due to its low weight, it is not necessary to exert much effort to fasten such panels. Moreover, the joints between them are difficult to immediately notice. Such a solution provides reliable protection of the building from moisture, wind and cold.

Wet insulation method

It is possible to conduct insulation of the facade of a private house using the wet method, the essence of which is the use of special plaster. The latter not only reduces heat loss, but also gives the building more aesthetic appearance.

However, this method has a minus: it is possible to carry out such insulation only at a certain temperature. Frost or heat is the wrong time for such work.

To summarize

If the facade was insulated in compliance with the technology, this leads to a noticeable reduction in heating costs (45-55%), makes the building more attractive, provides a longer period of operation, and helps to maintain a cozy and comfortable atmosphere in the house. This procedure does not lose its relevance for apartment buildings, where you can observe the improvement of sound insulation properties.

Are you planning to reduce heating costs due to proper thermal insulation, but do not know yet what is the best way to insulate a house from the outside and how to choose material affordable and with excellent characteristics? Below we will consider the most popular options for insulation for the exterior walls of the house, suitable for the thermal insulation of buildings made of wood, brick and even foam blocks. But first, a little about the advantages of thermal insulation.

External insulation of the house - what is it for?

Scientific studies regarding the analysis of heat losses during the operation of the house showed that they make up about 40%, and in some cases more. Already this argument alone can be considered sufficient to think about the insulation of the house. Of course, thermal insulation is the cost of materials and work on its implementation, but already in the very first heating season they will pay off.

External insulation is better than internal insulation for several reasons:

• it will not be necessary to sacrifice the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, which will significantly decrease with the installation of internal thermal insulation;
• the thermal insulation layer will not accumulate condensate;
• heat loss will be minimal;
• sound insulation indicators will improve.

It should be understood that in winter, the house is susceptible to frost, so condensation will inevitably form in the insulation inside it. The material becomes wet, resulting in mold and mildew. Moreover, wet heaters do worse with the functions assigned to them. During the summer, heaters dry out, but not until the end, which as a result leads to premature wear of the facade walls.

As a result of external insulation, the house is protected from frost, so moisture that enters the insulation layer is quickly removed to the outside, which allows you to keep the walls dry and extend their life.

External insulation reduces the level of external noise, contributing to the creation of the most comfortable environment for the stay in the house.

As for the shortcomings, there is only one thing that can be distinguished from insulation from the outside - these are the costs of materials and installation work. Of course, you can save on paying for the services of workers and do thermal insulation with your own hands, but only if the installation rules are followed, which will guarantee the durability and functionality of the thermal insulation system.

Types of insulation for the facade of the house

The market of materials for thermal insulation of the walls of the house outside is represented by:

Most often, due to its convenience and practicality, it is used mineral wool. Material is different high rates of thermal insulation, fireproof. In addition, mineral wool retains its original properties at temperature extremes, is not susceptible to moisture and damage caused by insect attack. For the manufacture of mineral wool, waste from blast furnaces and mineral fibers are used. You can choose for yourself a convenient version of the material - in rolls or plates.

Glass wool - a variety of mineral wool, practically indistinguishable from it in terms of properties. Just like the previous material is made on the basis of waste, only this time formed in the process of glass production.

When using glass wool, it is important to reliably protect hands and eyes with a mask and gloves.

Distinctive feature polystyrene foam Is a porous structure. It is she who is responsible for the excellent thermal insulation qualities of the material. Expanded polystyrene plates consist of mini cells with air, which prevent the material from decaying and do not absorb moisture. You can warm the house outside with polystyrene foam yourself - the process is simple, quick, does not require skill and experience.

An interesting option for warming the walls of the house outside is fiberglass, which is produced on the basis of glass breakage, as well as sand, limestone and other components.

Material is produced in plates and rolls. Mounting it is quick and easy. Also, the advantages of environmental friendliness and resistance to moisture.

Not so long ago, ecowool began to be used for body insulationmade from cellulose fibers. Features of the material are high thermal protection and moisture resistance. Ecowool is resistant to fungi and mold, does not attract insects and mice.

How to choose the right material for thermal insulation?

Most often, the owners decide to insulate the house from the outside with polystyrene foam, believing that this material will better cope with the role of an external insulation. The decision in most cases is dictated by the low cost of the material, which is several times cheaper than mineral wool and its analogues. In addition, as already mentioned above, you can insulate the facade of the house with polystyrene foam yourself, saving on the payment for the services of masters.

In order to achieve optimal thermal insulation of the facade of the building, sheets with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm can be used.

The finished house insulated with polystyrene foam is additionally revetted using modern finishing materials, from cement plaster to panels with imitation of stone, brick or wood.

The only type of material for which foam polystyrene is not suitable for insulation from the outside is wood.

Firstly, for natural wood such a heater is not vapor permeable enough, and secondly, it is too combustible. Not the most suitable option using polystyrene foam is also considered in the case of a ventilated facade because of the need for precise adjustment during installation. The average life of the foam in the role of insulation is 25 years.

Ecowool

Mineral wool In addition to excellent thermal insulation, he is responsible for improved sound insulation, which is why it would be advisable to use it for warming houses in the city. But basalt cotton wool is considered the most suitable for warming the outer walls of urban houses. The mouse will not damage it, it copes with mechanical loads and lasts at least 50 years.

Glass wool for insulation is not the best option today, despite the excellent thermal protection and affordable price. The main reason for the low popularity of insulation is the complex installation and fragility of the material. In addition, people who are part of it are repelled by hazardous components of health.

The best option for thermal insulation - today's ecowool material. It is better to use it for warming private houses and cottages; insulation is also suitable for thermal insulation of industrial buildings, warehouses, factories. The material copes well with home insulation, does not burn, is resistant to moisture.

Alternative insulation - varieties of materials

For those who are not used to following the standard path, alternative insulation options have been developed for the house outside. These include:

• warm plaster;
• liquid foam.

Liquid foam

Liquid foam is prepared before warming the house in place using special equipment. After applying to the house outside, it forms a practical and reliable thermal insulation. If it is not possible to apply penoizol in a uniform layer on the base, then you can try to arrange staggered voids on the wall, then fill them with liquid material. Such insulation is an expensive pleasure, but, believe me, in a few seasons the savings on heating will justify the costs.

Using warm plaster as a material for thermal insulation is a profitable and convenient option, given that it will not only be possible to insulate the building, but also work to create its exclusive appearance. To insulate materials, it will not be necessary to bring the walls to perfect condition using putty mixtures.

How to mount insulation on the facade?

Thermal insulation can be of two types: bonded and mounted. Bonded thermal insulation is very popular, which is cheaper and more economical in comparison with the hinged one; moreover, it allows decently reducing heat consumption during the operation of the house. Materials for bonded thermal insulation are lightweight and easy to install, so they are suitable for any type of base insulation.

Before warming, the house is cleaned, as much as possible leveled with the help of special mixtures. Materials for insulation are coated with glue, and then firmly pressed into the wall. For a greater effect, the plates are fixed with facade dowels. In order for the design to serve as much as possible, use a reinforcing mesh, which is also attached to the insulation with glue. The finishing layer may be plaster mix or paint. As an option, siding is also suitable - durable, lightweight with imitation of various natural materials.

In conclusion, we note that the thermal insulation of external walls is an excellent way to prevent heat loss, creating a comfortable and cozy environment in the room, protecting the house from external influences and extending its life.

The better to insulate the house outside: useful tips

The better to insulate the house outside

“Nature has no bad weather” is sung in one comedy, but you know that in winter, when the thermometer is -20 ° C, you have no laughing matter. In severe frost, all hope is for central heating. It struggles with the cold with all its might, but sometimes frosts win. Residents of old houses are especially affected, because before they did not pay due attention to the insulation of the walls of the house.

Scheme of wall insulation for siding.

Today, there are many construction companies that will help you insulate homes and apartments. They offer indoor and outdoor insulation with various materials.

The first question that arises is to insulate the wall from the inside or outside?

You can choose any option, but it is more expedient and better to insulate the wall of the house from the outside.

This method has a couple of advantages: firstly, you save the interior space of the room, which is already always lacking. Secondly, you do not have to change the interior of the room, the relief of the walls and wallpaper.

Any additional insulation is better than nothing, but approach the choice of insulation material rationally. You need to consider all factors, especially your home, price and volume of material. The market offers several options for how to insulate the walls of the house outside:

• styrofoam;
• basalt cotton wool;
• polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool;
• polyurethane foam;
• fiberglass;
• cellulose heaters.

Exterior wall insulation with foam

Glass wool wall insulation.

Polyfoam is popular in wall insulation, as it is inexpensive and copes well with its insulation function. There are also opponents of the foam, which claim that it is harmful and vapor-proof. Due to the poor vapor permeability, the windows fog up in the apartment, this can be solved with a hood. Make sure that the hoods in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen function well.

Before you start working with polystyrene, repair all cracks in the wall of the house, and then ground it. Make sure that the wall after fixing the foam on it is flat. It is better to do this work once correctly than to return to it again and redo it.

External wall insulation with basalt wool

Basalt cotton wool is an excellent and high-quality heat insulator. It is made from natural materials, so it is safe for health. If you have children, you are afraid for their health, then choose basalt cotton wool. This wool is strengthened by the walls of apartments, private houses, air ducts, boilers, stoves and boilers. This material is not only a heat insulator, it also prevents the penetration of extraneous noise into the room.

Basalt cotton wool is pressed into basalt slabs, which subsequently produce external insulation of the house wall. This material is not afraid of either water or fire, it retains heat well, and it is also durable. To insulate walls outside the house, choose high density basalt slabs. The weight of the insulation is large, so the fastenings must be reliable, trust professionals to do it better so that the result exceeds expectations.

External wall insulation with expanded polystyrene

The scheme of wall insulation with foam.

Styrofoam is more expensive than polystyrene, but retains heat better. The avaricious pays twice, so think carefully before opting for cheaper material. The minus of polystyrene foam is poor vapor permeability, so mold forms on the walls of the house and an unpleasant smell emanates from it. Sometimes mice can settle in polystyrene foam. The main advantage of this insulation is its lightness, it is convenient to use because of its low weight.

Before you start working with polystyrene foam, you need to make the walls smooth from the outside, repair all cracks and defects. Your task is not a perfectly smooth wall, but as close to ideal as possible so that the insulation material fits snugly against the outer wall. Start laying the material from the bottom up, the rows should be horizontal and fit snugly against each other and against the walls of the house.

External wall insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool perfectly insulates walls, passes air well, does not ignite, has waterproof properties, and is environmentally friendly. This material is more expensive than the above insulation. In addition to this drawback, remember that mineral wool is heavy. The weight of this material greatly complicates the work of builders. It is pressed into mats, which further insulate the walls on the outside. It is better to use a two-layer mineral wool: one layer is soft and the other hard. You need to install it with the soft side to the wall, and the hard side out. The thickness of the insulation should be at least 10 cm, otherwise in the winter the room will not be as warm as we would like.

Mineral wool will save your walls from fungi and mold. In winter, it will insulate your home, and in summer it will keep cool.

External wall insulation with polyurethane foam (PPU)

Polyurethane foam is popular in the construction world, as it has high functionality. They insulate the walls of the house, the foundation of the building and the roof. PPU is a good heat insulator and sound insulator. If you decide to use this material, then get ready for the fact that it will be with you 25-30 years. PPU is durable, easy to repair, it is convenient to install and transport. He is not afraid of mice and insects, he is perfect for warming wooden walls and any other surfaces.

Exterior wall insulation with fiberglass

For external wall insulation, fiberglass is sold in rolls or mats. Decide for a start what width you need, based on this, buy the appropriate dimensions of fiberglass. Fiberglass is an excellent material, which is a glass in a thread processed under special conditions. The thickness of the fiberglass is approximately 5 cm. In order to insulate the house from the outside, it is better to use two layers of fiberglass. One layer will be vertical and the other horizontal. Fiberglass must be laid so that the joints of the first layer overlap with the second layer.

Cellulose insulation

One of the main positive qualities of cellulose heaters is environmental friendliness. The second thing to note is the relatively low price and availability. TSU is suitable for any surface: concrete, wood, metal, brick, etc. Cellulose insulation covers not only the exterior walls of houses, but also attics and attics.

TSU differs in a way of drawing from other heaters. This material is laid or sprayed onto the desired wall. The advantage of this application is that no seams remain in the insulation and heat leakage is impossible.

Knowing how to insulate a house, what kind of insulation materials are, you can easily choose the suitable option. Analyze all factors and choose the most rational solution. Consult a professional, instruct him to install. Any material will make your room warmer in the winter. In winter, you will save on heating the apartment. It is better to warm the walls once and pay money for it, and then rejoice for many years.

The better to insulate the house outside: description of materials

The better to insulate the house from the outside: choose a heater

Surely residents of apartment buildings are a little envious of those who live in a private building outside the city. Own living space, garden, clean air - the dream of anyone. Alas, not everything is so simple, because severe Russian winters force the house to be thoroughly insulated in order to avoid freezing. This involves impressive investments and constant monitoring of the state of the insulating material, from which residents of urban houses are exempted.

Warming the house is preferable than using a dozen heating devices - you can save money, as well as make the home more comfortable. It is known that there are two ways of thermal insulation of a private building - outside and inside. Experienced experts recommend using both, but it is worth taking care of external insulation. About what material is best suited for certain houses - more.

Insulation Material Requirements

The consumer is not threatened by a long search for good products - the market is saturated with goods from different manufacturers, so you can choose a worthy insulation in any hardware store. However, before buying, you need to analyze the material in question by its physical and chemical properties. These include:

• thermal conductivity coefficient (characterizes the ability of the insulation to conduct or retain air; the lower the indicator, the better - you won’t have to use a thick layer of material);
• moisture absorption coefficient (indicates the ability of the material to absorb water as a percentage by weight; the higher the indicator, the less durable the insulation);
• density (based on the value, you can determine how much the material makes the house heavier);
• resistance to fire (there are 4 classes of combustibility; the first (G1), which ceases to burn without an open source of fire, is most preferred);
• environmental friendliness (not the most important indicator for consumers, and in vain - to preserve the health of family members it is worth choosing only natural material from natural components that does not emit impurities into the atmosphere and does not contain synthetic elements);
• longevity (insulation life determined by the manufacturer);
• hygroscopicity (ability to absorb steam from air);
• resistance to pests (insects, rodents, birds);
• noise insulation properties;
• ease of installation (insulation must be fixed quickly, with a minimum set of tools; also with it a minimum amount of additional work should be done, like cutting into even pieces).

It is difficult to choose a material that would have all the desirable qualities. For this reason, it is possible and necessary to carry out insulation from the outside and inside.

Advantages of external thermal insulation

The question of warming a private house from the outside arises in two cases - at the stage of designing a building or when buying a finished one, but without adequate insulation. The second situation is more common. What are the benefits of insulating a home from the outside? These include:

• decrease in deformability of walls due to additional protection;
• the facade perceives sharp temperature fluctuations; as a result, the service life of the building will be extended;
• freedom in choosing the design of the facade, even when the structure is erected;
• the area of \u200b\u200bthe interior remains unchanged; this allows you to carry out any kind of decoration, and living conditions will remain the same.

Ways of external insulation of the house

The need and advantages of thermal insulation are evident from the outside; Now the consumer should get acquainted with the methods of insulation. There are three of them:

• "Well" arrangement of material;
• “Wet” glued insulation;
• ventilated facade.

In the first case, the insulation is placed inside the walls (for example, between the layers of brick). It turns out that he is "locked" among two levels. The method is effective, but it is impossible to implement it for an already built house.

In the second case, the insulation layer is fixed to the glue outside the walls, then it is additionally attached to the dowels. Several types of coatings are applied on top - reinforcing, intermediate, decorative (finishing). A good way, only requires the intervention of specialists; do-it-yourself wet insulation of walls is impossible without experience.

The ventilated facade resembles “well” masonry, only the outer layer is facing material - drywall, tile, siding, etc. In addition, you will have to build a frame system for attaching insulation sheets.

The latter method is the most popular, widespread and profitable. It will cost much less than "wet" insulation; In addition, even a novice will be able to do the job themselves. Now the consumer has the most difficult choice.

Existing materials can be divided into two large groups - organic (natural origin) and inorganic (obtained using special materials and equipment).

Types and advantages of inorganic insulation

The first place in the list rightfully belongs to the most popular material - mineral wool. It is of three types - stone (basalt), glass and slag. Differing from each other only externally, varieties of mineral wool have the following qualities:

• low coefficient of thermal conductivity (0.03 - 0, 045);
• density variations (from 20 to 200 kg / m3);
• excellent noise insulation properties;
• vapor permeability (mineral wool can "breathe");
• resistance to fire.

Not without a number of shortcomings, among which:

• attractiveness for rodents and insectoids;
• deterioration of thermal insulation characteristics by 50% when wet only 3-5% of the volume;
• completely never dries.

In general, mineral wool is good, but it is extremely undesirable to use it for sheathing a house from the outside.

The second known external insulation is foam. Its advantages:

• the coefficient of heat conductivity is slightly lower than that of mineral wool (0.03 - 0.037);
• cheaper than other heaters;
• easy
• density from 11 to 40 kg / m3.

• fragility;
• toxic substances released by fire;
• it doesn’t “breathe”, which forces residents to build additional supply and exhaust ventilation;
• with direct wetting it absorbs moisture, becoming unsuitable for use.

Extruded polystyrene foam is not inferior to thermal conductivity of mineral wool and polystyrene. In addition, he:

• does not absorb moisture;
• convenient for installation, because it is produced by plates;
• stronger than polystyrene;
• hardly passes air.

• flammable;
• when burning emits harmful substances.

There is another type of raw material used for external thermal insulation of the walls of the house - “warm” plasters. They are a mixture of balls (formed by glass, cement and hydrophobic additives). “Breathe”, isolate the room from moisture, do not burn, are not afraid of sunlight, are easy to repair. Not very common in the market, however, experienced consumers have already appreciated this insulation.

Varieties and benefits of organic materials

Those who want to feel the closest proximity to nature are encouraged to use raw materials from natural ingredients. These include:

• cork heaters - have a thermal insulation coefficient of 0.045 - 0.06; represent a crushed tree bark, pressed under the influence of hot steam and resin as a bonding element; easy to cut, “breathe”, do not form mold, nontoxic; today are increasingly used for wall insulation from the outside);
• cellulose wool (ecowool) - thermal conductivity from 0.032 to 0.038; constitute crushed cellulose treated with flame retardants to increase fire fighting properties; properties reminiscent of cork materials, but better absorb liquid; do not withstand heavy loads and are not suitable for wall cladding;
• hemp - supplied with plates, rolls, hemp fiber mats; poorly holds the load, although it is quite dense (20-60 kg / m3);
• straw - an old way of thermal insulation of the walls of a house; breathable material treated with flame retardants to reduce flammability; almost never used today;
• algae - an exotic method of cladding external walls; density up to 80 kg / m3, do not burn, do not rot, do not cause interest in rodents, are resistant to mold and fungus. Better suited for light walls.

Preferred insulation for house sheathing

Each material has pros and cons. Based on the information presented above, it is possible to compile a symbolic rating of the highest quality materials for the walls of the house (the first is the most preferred, etc.). It is also worth considering the type of facade design.

For ventilated systems, cotton wool is better suited - mineral, cellulose. In well masonry, preference should be given to moisture-resistant material. Such is extruded polystyrene foam. Stucco wall decoration goes well with insulation, whose density is more than 30 kg / m3. For example, with mineral wool, PPS, polystyrene, any organic material.

For lightweight walls of a wooden house, breathing material is better - mineral wool, hemp, ecowool, cork insulation. The first is preferable, but costs a little more.

The country house must be quality sheathed with reliable material. The consumer can choose any of the previously considered, guided by their wishes or financial capabilities. A competent approach to the acquisition of insulation is the key to the long service of a cozy house.

We warm the house outside - the pros and cons of materials

How to insulate a house outside - the best materials and methods of insulation

To provide your home with heat in the winter, it is necessary to warm the entire structure. Materials should be selected so that they do not carry additional load on the house. In this article we will analyze the better to insulate the house from the outside, what technologies and recommendations should be followed.

The advantages of external thermal insulation

At the time of designing the house, you should consider the insulation of the entire structure from the outside. The main advantages of insulation:

• thanks to additional protection, deformation of the walls is reduced;
• the front part tolerates sharp temperature changes, which increases its life;
• the area of \u200b\u200ball interior spaces remains unchanged.

Types of insulation materials

To understand what material is best suited for external thermal insulation, it is necessary to analyze all the advantages and disadvantages of each. The main nuances when choosing products are their heat conductivity, moisture resistance and steam conductivity. Modern materials for warming the house from the outside allow you to complete all the work efficiently and get the desired result. Types of insulation:

• < Пенопласт - материал, состоящий из вспененного полистирола, внутри которого находятся пузырьки воздуха. Выпускают его в виде плит разного размера. По своим характеристикам обладает высокой влагостойкостью и хорошей изоляцией. Недостатком является его уязвимость к солнечным лучам, легко воспламеняется и способен выделять вредные вещества.

Important! For high-quality foam insulation, take care of a good forced ventilation system.

• Mineral wool is a material made up of fibers. They release it in the form of rolls or plates. The positive characteristics include: good steam and sound insulation and high resistance to fire. Among the shortcomings, it should be noted that moisture can be absorbed, which leads to a decrease in insulating qualities, and rodents can also appear in this material.
• Penoplex is a modern polystyrene foam material. They produce it in the form of plates that have high vapor permeability, are resistant to fire and have low heat conductivity. Due to the fact that the plates absorb little moisture, it can be used in any climatic conditions. Installation does not require the use of special equipment, the plates are perfectly cut with a knife and easy to install.
• Polyurethane foam is an ecological material produced in the form of a liquid insulation, which eliminates the formation of cracks. Using this material, bridges can form that can form condensation, from which the walls will begin to become damp. It tolerates frosts and is heat resistant.
• Basalt slab - a product made of basalt fibers, produce it in the form of a rectangular slab. The advantages include: high thermal insulation, the material does not burn, has good soundproofing, resistant to moisture and high temperatures. It is also worth noting that the basalt plate is not susceptible to decay and rodents do not start in it. With the correct installation of the plates, their service life can reach 100 years.

Methods of external insulation

Experts use several effective methods for high-quality thermal insulation of a house:

• the insulating material is fixed to the facade part using building glue, after which the entire plane is plastered;
• three unventilated layers are laid on the wall, after which the insulation is fixed to the solution; then they leave air space and lay the wall in one brick;
• mount the facade with ventilation, i.e. a layer of insulation is applied to the waterproofing and sheathed with siding or other material.

Such methods are able to maintain and create comfort in the winter, as well as significantly save money on energy. The reasons for insulation can be different, for example, cracks or a poor heating system. To insulate the walls, all work must be done outside, because laying insulation inside the house will block the access of heat to the wall. Lack of wall heat will cause condensation, moisture, dampness and fungus to form. Each of the described methods of home insulation has its own technological features and is produced at different times of the year.

How to prepare exterior walls?

When you already know exactly what material will be used to warm the structure, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. The stages of preparation consist of the following actions:

• a layer of material is removed from the outer wall;
• align all cracks, crevices or indentations with a mortar;
• clean the wall of debris, excessive dust;
• everything is thoroughly primed with a deep penetration solution;
• for even laying of the insulation, beacons and plumb lines are set up, this will allow high-quality finishing of the building;
• anchors are fixed to the upper edges of the wall, on which the cord is pulled and lowered down, this is necessary to fix the reference point when mounting the frame and the heat-insulating material.

All steps should be performed without haste, because the result will depend on this.

Mineral wool and foam insulation

Today, popular materials are mineral wool and polystyrene. This is due to the fact that the laying method is almost the same for them, and they also have similar technical characteristics.

Foam application

When using foam, the wall must be thoroughly dried. A dry wall is an important point in external insulation. If the structure is dry, take a sheet of the product and fix it to the plane with glue. In order for the slabs to be evenly laid out, at the bottom of the wall you need to fix the finish bar. As soon as the glue is applied to the surface of the plate, it is pressed against the wall. For strong fixing of plates it is possible to apply the expansion bolt shield. The evenness of the installation is checked using the building level and plumb. If the first layer is laid evenly, you can start laying the next one. In the window and doorways, a frame is installed, to which the insulation is fixed. Joints and seams are sealed with reinforced tape, after which the entire surface is reinforced with plaster mesh. At the end, the entire surface is primed and plastered.

The use of mineral wool

Mineral wool is an excellent option for houses made of brick, wood or foam concrete. For high-quality insulation, use a rack frame. For this, the spread method is used, i.e. the distance between the rails should be less than the width of the plate. Thus, the insulation will fit tightly between the rack frame. For a wooden house with an uneven surface, two-layer plates are used. A loose layer of insulation material is perfectly attached with an uneven wooden surface.

Expert advice! To obtain a greater effect of mineral wool insulation, you need to use polyethylene.

For cladding, as a rule, use siding, decorative brickwork and other building materials.

In order to choose the right materials for home insulation from the outside, carefully study all the information about each type of product, consult with specialists or read the forums. In any case, for high-quality sheathing of a country house, be guided by your wishes, financial capabilities and the opinion of professionals. Remember, good insulation is the key to continuous operation, warmth and comfort in your home.

The better to insulate the house from the outside: materials for thermal insulation of walls