What can be the stairs to the second floor in a wooden house: design and construction options. Making wooden stairs, on a metal frame and on concrete marches with your own hands for a private house Construction of a flight staircase

Spiral staircase

The spiral staircase has a special charm and is best combined with styles such as Empire, Art Nouveau or Rococo. The railings are made to the taste of the owner, openwork was used before, but although they look like from a fairy tale, they are not particularly popular in our time. The spiral version of the staircase is considered dangerous for children and pensioners, since the edge of the staircase is very narrow and there is a risk of injury. In the center of the staircase there is a support, which is a pipe made of wood or metal, and the advantage lies in the fact that the installed staircase takes up a minimum of space.

As for the steps for such a staircase, it all depends on how safe they are to be made. Ideally, the central part of the step should be about 25 cm wide, while at the widest point it should not be more than 40 centimeters. If the opening is minimal, then the steps are as steep as possible, and this is not very convenient for the elderly and small children. Recently, the spiral model has not been popular, it is used only as an auxiliary, for descending into the basement or going to the roof. Sometimes this type of ladder is used in order to create a non-standard rise to the attic.

DIY calculations

Often, classic marching lifts are used in houses. They can have any type of feature, but this is where designers provide the most choices. In addition, it should be noted that such staircases are the safest and can perfectly fit into any interior. This type of staircase is used in spacious dwellings, for calculations it is necessary to know the height of the ceilings and the length of the used floor section. The optimum angle would be a 45 degree tilt.

The construction of the stairs should contain no more than 15 steps, ideally 10-11. If there are more steps, then platforms are made between them, the size of which is the same as the march. The staircase of the marching type is open and closed, it can also have risers, or be without them.

The staircase of the marching type can be straight, curved and swivel. The latter option takes up a small area compared to a straight staircase. It is best to install a revolving flight staircase near a wall, and place a storage room under it.

Bolza and railings

Bolza are special mounts that are installed along the wall. The steps of this model are bolted to the wall. This option is the most fashionable and popular, it is often used in modern-style houses. The advantage lies in their visual lightness and airiness, they do not block the access of natural light to all corners of the room. Styles where it is applied: loft, minimalism, constructivism. When the steps are narrow, then for safety you need to use fences, but if the steps are safe and very wide, then you can do without fencing at all. This option will be very interesting and airy.

Railing - a static fence of the flight staircase, protects the climbing person from falls when descending or ascending. Also, handrails can be actively used by older people in order to lean on them during descent or ascent.

Railing consists of the following elements:

• Balusters - an element for attaching handrails. If they are load-bearing, then they are used not only for aesthetics, but also for practicality.
• Handrails - attached to balusters or a wall, can be installed on one or both sides. Older people use them as a support for ascent and descent.
• Fence filler - as the name suggests, they fill the empty space. The main purpose is decorative, but it is necessary if there are children in the family. The height of the railing must be at least 90 centimeters.

Wooden stairs

A wooden structure is best used in houses made in the style of a Russian hut, country or Provence. For stairs, not only expensive oak species can be used, but also the simplest wood. Optimum materials: ash, maple, walnut and beech. Pine is notable for its affordability, but it is better not to use it, as it is a soft wood species that is very sensitive to external influences.

Staircase finishing should harmoniously fit into the interior and design style. It is better to replace an expensive tree with a pear, cherry or larch, this is a more economical option, in addition, they are more moisture resistant.

Metal staircase

The main advantage of the ladder is its long service life - 30-50 years. Stainless steel is often used as it does not corrode. Chrome steel looks more interesting, but its service life is only 5 years. It is better not to use aluminum or brass at all, as these materials are soft and change their color over time.

A metal staircase is ideal for a high-tech home. It is advisable to use a bolt with this staircase, this will allow not to visually load the space.

Concrete

This material is very reliable and durable; it is best to make straight marching stairs from concrete. As a finish, the staircase can be combined with wood. It is best to give preference to quartzite or granite. These stairs will not create lightness, but they will look solid. Also among the advantages, in addition to durability, it should be noted ease of maintenance and use, low cost.

Glass

The choice of glass stairs must be approached carefully and thoroughly. Laminated thick or tempered glass is used as the material. However, even such materials can be subject to mechanical damage and other external factors. On impact, chips can appear here, and aesthetic charm is lost. The glass staircase is not applicable in homes with children. Acrylic glass is more durable, but darkens quickly. In general, however, any glass structure is not durable.

Staircase to the second floor in a wooden house: design options in the photo

The ascent to the second floor in a private house can be done without any problems with your own hands, with minimal construction skills. The main thing is that it is reliable, safe and beautiful. Further, it will be discussed in detail what stairs to the second floor in a wooden house can be, options for their construction and design.

Requirements

First, it is worth describing in more detail the requirements that stairs in a wooden house should have. Since most of these projects are individual, there are no specific regulated technical standards. Some parameters are recommended to be observed for any wooden building.

The width of the stairs must be at least 90 cm, this will provide not only the convenience of lifting, but also safety, including fire-fighting - for quick evacuation. The slope usually does not exceed 40 degrees, a steeper one will become uncomfortable and dangerous, and with a less steep climb, the whole structure becomes more bulky and takes up more free space. Railing is best done 80–90 cm high.

The height of the steps in such a staircase should be 15–18 cm, so if you slip, there will be no chance of your foot falling through the opening between the balusters, even if the steps are solid, then a large value will give an uncomfortable climb. And if there are children in the house, it is better to make a vertical distance of 7-10 cm. The number of steps for one march is usually 8-15, the whole staircase will have 20-30 steps.

Structural strength is the main requirement, the ladder must be able to withstand at least 200 kg.To do this, you need to use reliable fastenings of the frame, steps and railings, strong supports, high-quality material. If it is made of wood, then polished beams with a thickness of at least 20 mm should be taken - for steps, for the frame and supports - at least 60 mm, metal stairs should be reliably welded at the joints.

All steps of a wooden staircase must be the same in length, width and height. The material must be polished and varnished so that it is smooth, does not have splinters and cracks. Excellent appearance and original design can also be attributed to the desired requirements of this design. Usually, stairs to the second floor in a wooden house are installed in the hallway or hallway.

Types of structures

By design, such stairs can be divided into the following types.

• Screw - are the most compact and often the cheapest, as they require a minimum of material and simpler installation work. You can install them even in a tiny country house, and they always look very original. But the disadvantage is the inconvenience of climbing, and if there are children and the elderly in the house, spiral staircases can lead to injury.

• Marching straight - the most traditional version of stairs to the second floor. When properly installed, they are comfortable, safe and look great. The main drawback is the large space that the flight stairs take up in the room.

• Swivel stairsat the same time they are convenient and take up less useful space in a wooden house. Marches in them are usually located at an angle of 90 degrees and are adjacent to the adjacent walls of the room. Such designs also add originality to the interior of the building.

Execution materials

Materials for stairs to the second floor differ in cost and complexity of installation work. But in order to decide what to build a future structure from, it is necessary to consider in more detail the properties of each. Wood is a traditional and most popular material for making stairs in a private house, which it surely remains today.

This is due to a number of its advantages:

• it is cheap and easy to process;
• wood parts are easy to attach to each other;
• it is a natural and environmentally friendly material without harmful impurities;
• a wooden staircase always has an attractive and cozy look;
• if necessary, timber structures are easy to dismantle.

You can build a staircase from wood to the second floor in almost any style: rural, classic, high-tech or modern, the main thing is to choose the right shapes and colors. Most often, marching straight and swing stairs for 2 flights are made of wood. Steps and railings are fastened to nails or wood screws; to save money, often one of the structural supports is the wall of a wooden house.

For the most elite and beautiful stairs, they choose such types of wood as oak, beech, ash, cedar.They have noble shades with pronounced textures and excellent durability. More budgetary wood materials are pine and birch. When properly processed, aged and dry wood has excellent physical properties and durability.

Metal stairs are more durable and can last a long time. The most commonly used alloys are aluminum, copper and cast iron are also popular. The disadvantage is the complexity of installation; for strength, welding of the frame, steps and railings is usually required. Solid metal stairs are an excellent option for a wooden house. The screw type of various metals is the most popular.

It is possible to build stairs made of natural or artificial stone in a wooden house. The cost will be high, but the view of such rises to the second floor is very impressive. The advantage is their environmental friendliness, long service life.

How to do it?

Before you build an ascent to the second floor with your own hands, you need to decide on the choice of place, type of construction and materials of manufacture. In this case, it is worth considering where the hatch or door to the upper room will be located in order to connect the upper span with it. In order to correctly determine the amount of raw materials and fasteners in advance, it is worth creating a sketch that indicates the width and height of steps and spans, supporting elements, places of fastenings to the wall and floor, dimensions of the railing.

For the construction, you should prepare in advance the site where the structure will be mounted, as well as the adjacent walls. For the preparation of the material, installation and finishing you will need: a hacksaw, a pencil, a ruler and tape measure, a drill, a screwdriver, a square, a building level, a hammer and a brush.

To build a swing staircase with two flights of wood, you will need 8 steps with a width of 250 mm, a step height of 200 mm, a span of 900 mm and a platform of 900x900 mm. The railing can be of the simplest design, the main thing is that the distance between adjacent vertical posts is at least 400 mm. Installation begins with sawing the sanded beams; for the frame, it is good to choose them with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200b60 x 120 mm. The installation of the platform on vertical supports takes place in the corner of the room, then the bowstring of the lower march is made - inclined boards on which the steps and railings will be attached. Fastening to the ceiling, that is, the existing wall of a wooden house, is carried out on metal screws, self-tapping screws for wood, at least 60 cm long.

When the platform on vertical posts and the bowstring are fixed, then ready-made steps are placed and attached to the cutouts of the latter. After that, the railing is mounted to the lower span. Then, in the same way, they proceed to the installation of the second march. His bowstring is already attached to the ceiling and the second adjacent wall. The second span turns out to be longer; for reliability, somewhere in its middle it is worth installing an additional support beam.

Such a ladder is easy to install and convenient, but the steps often slip on the smoothly polished and varnished surface of the steps. To avoid this, you can fix rough notches made of metal or other material on the stairs. After the structure with the railings is ready, it is worth taking care of the construction of a damper or an opening hatch to the second floor.

It is also easy to make a spiral staircase, which requires 12-15 steps with a floor height of 2.4–2.7 m. Its main forming element is a central vertical support, around which steps will rise in a spiral, they, unlike straight stairs, have the shape of a trapezoid. There are a huge number of design options and materials, including natural wood.

Registration of marches

Wood stairs can be painted with any clear quick-drying varnish. It is best to choose odorless varieties for indoor use. These can be alkyd varnishes, which have a relatively low cost, alcohol varnishes with good strength and protection against moisture, environmentally friendly acrylic or polyurethane varnishes with high wear resistance.

Wooden stairs can be painted in any opaque color.At the same time, the pleasant texture and shade of natural wood are lost, but this way you can achieve, for example, the maximum combination with the rest of the interior or create a certain style. So that after painting there is no pungent smell in the room, it is worth choosing persistent and high-quality acrylic, alkyd, emulsion paints.

Whatever the varnish, it should be applied gently with a new soft bristle brush. It is cleaned after use. Even if the finishing material is odorless, it is better not to be inside the premises of the work being performed for a couple of hours and to check the house.

Style and design may vary depending on the preferences of the hosts. The most popular rural style for small wooden houses. It is based on maximum naturalness and simplicity. Therefore, it is worth choosing simple straight forms of steps and railings, using beams made of natural wood, covered with transparent varnish. It is possible not to treat the surface of the boards with decorative coloring agents at all, but only to polish them as much as possible.

The classic style is typical for spacious rooms with chic interiors. It is best to choose noble dark woods for it. Railings near stairs in this style can have curved shapes, complex vertical posts of many elements, equipped with stucco. The main thing is not to overdo it in the amount of decorative details and harmoniously fit the staircase into the interior of a country house.

Modern staircases are less and less simple bulky structures. Instead of them, real design works flaunt in the houses. See for yourself with our inspiring photo selection. Perhaps you will find here an option that fits perfectly into the interior of your home.

Types of wooden stairs

In order to choose a structure that will harmoniously fit into the space, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the main types of wooden stairs for the home.

Marching stairs - this is the classic and simplest design, consisting of separate flights - straight or turning. True, mid-flight stairs are rarely completely made of wood. Often their base is made of concrete, and the railings and steps are wooden.

Cantilever ladder looks more original, and its design gives the impression of "floating in the air". These stairs have no massive railings, no static base. The steps are attached to the load-bearing wall with anchors, which ensures their strength and absolute operational safety.

Spiral staircase allows you to save space, it fits perfectly into a small room. But it should be remembered that this is not the most convenient option in operation. When installing a spiral staircase, it is recommended to choose a solid handrail, as well as a rough surface of the steps. If space permits, elements of flights can be included in its design: this will provide a more comfortable and safe use of the stairs.

Spinal stairsbut consists of separate elements connected to each other. This construction resembles a puzzle and can be assembled in almost any shape. Visually, such a staircase looks light and airy, while being comfortable, durable and reliable.

Ideas for decorating wooden stairs in the house

Having decided on the type of wooden staircase, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the most interesting design options.

Such a staircase performs two functions at once - it connects the first and second floors, and is also the main focus in the design of the room. Its massive base is harmoniously complemented by wooden elements of simple geometry; additional safety is provided by a glass railing, which, however, does not take on the main visual accent.

This staircase will ideally complement the interior, made in the style of classicism. Its main highlight is carved details, combined with other elements of furniture and decor. Such stairs are made of noble wood species - cherry, wenge, santal, teak and others.

Original and lightweight, this staircase will become a real highlight of the room. Its main advantage is its compactness and visual weightlessness. And the staggered steps turn this everyday element of the interior into a source of pride for design skills.

The light and modern design of this stair model is characterized by rhythm, which is further enhanced by the repeating geometric contour of the enclosing element.

This staircase looks simple and modest, but this is its charm. It will perfectly fit into the classically decorated interior, it can be made in different colors. It looks good both as a natural and only slightly sanded surface, and covered with transparent varnish.

A "broken" staircase will emphasize the originality of the design approach, and also save space. Looks good in dark colors contrasting with light interior walls.

An original and bold solution for creative people. The supporting structure of the staircase is made in the form of a tree trunk. The curved lines of the railing mimic branches, all of which are combined with massive, wide wooden steps.

A spiral staircase not only saves usable space, but also makes the room feel light. It looks especially impressive in combination with forged elements that favorably dilute wooden steps and provide additional structural strength.

Such a staircase will undoubtedly become the main element of the room. Such a bold option will suit spacious interiors. It is important that the surrounding space is sufficiently bright and well-lit, this will relieve the room from an oppressive feeling and favorably emphasize its main accent.

This spiral staircase is easy to use. Stable steps with a fairly wide step and a smooth bend will make descents and ascents along it almost invisible. The light wood looks harmoniously with the snow-white supporting structure, which, in combination with the glass railing, makes the staircase a welcome guest in rooms decorated in a minimalist style.

This staircase will be a bold addition to the interior, furnished with the latest design art. The operation of such a beauty will require certain skills and accuracy. The main advantages are space saving and creativity in execution.

Stable, safe and beautiful staircase design is the perfect addition to almost any interior. In this case, the main accent is a combination of white and mahogany shades. This technique allows you to emphasize the contours of the stairs and harmonize with other wooden objects in the house.

Another classic option. Thin carved railings add airiness to the staircase. The main element here is the carpet, which emphasizes the status of the owners and helps to make the use of the stairs as comfortable and safe as possible.

A low staircase leading to an additional floor can not only fulfill its main function, but also have a pleasant bonus: pull-out shelves for storing rarely used things.

Drawers, shelves with doors and open niches of various shapes and sizes can be placed in the space under the stairs.

Often whole corners are placed under the stairs. For example, the workplace will look quite organic here. This technique will save precious meters and allow more rational use of the freed up space.

This multifunctional ladder will keep children from getting bored. The built-in slide for outdoor games will become the favorite entertainment of the little ones.

Using such a ladder will require some skill. But with it you don't have to worry about saving space, and it will also fit into almost any modern interior.

A full staircase in the house can be a variation on a stepladder. This design somewhat limits the possibilities of its operation. For example, not suitable for families with small children or elderly people. Otherwise, it is practical and quite convenient to use.

A staircase can also be a way for owners to express themselves creatively. By placing beautiful pictures, motivating inscriptions on its steps, or simply painting it in your favorite colors, you can create a unique design accent that allows you to emphasize the beauty of space and demonstrate your self.

There are a lot of options for stairs for the house. The main thing is to find among them exactly the one that will harmoniously fit into the interior and will give its owners maximum comfort and aesthetic pleasure.

Which staircase to build to the second floor? This question is asked by almost every owner of a private house. The main selection criteria are safety and ease of use. It is also important that the moment is how organically it will fit into the interior. Therefore, the design of a staircase in a wooden house does not fade into the background when drawing up a project.

Staircase design options

Wooden staircase structures are of several types:

Marching structures are the most commonly used staircase structures. There are several subspecies of stairs:

• on kosoura;
• on bowstrings;
• on the bolts.

Stairs on kosoura

Kosoura are the sloped supporting beams on which steps and fences are attached. Attachment methods are different and depend on the number of beams. Based on the properties of the structure and shape, they are straight, broken, involute.

Buildings on kosoura have the following advantages over other types of stairs:

• high level of security;
• universal appearance, thanks to which they will look good both in an ordinary log house and in an elite cottage.
• the presence of a large selection of sizes, decor;
• the ability to choose the use of steps.

The kosour structures are also attractive because on the basis of the traditional model it is possible to create beautiful wooden stairs on an individual order. For example, glass railings or transparent plastic handrails can be lightweight.

Stairs to the bowstrings

The design is based on side load-bearing beams with grooves into which steps are inserted. For the manufacture of this type of stairs, wood is often taken, although recently plastic models have begun to appear on the market.

Stairs on bowstrings are installed, as a rule, in small country houses. Among the positive aspects of such structures, the following are noted:

• the possibility of replacing individual structural elements;
• easy installation;
• safety, high strength;
• a wide range of staircase shapes: spiral, L-shaped, rounded or straight;
• the ability to implement a variety of design solutions: the arrangement of balusters in free form, the presence or absence of risers.

The disadvantages of constructing on bowstrings are high-precision calculations and experience in performing work. Errors in the design or unreliable fastenings will adversely affect the safety of the facility. Divergence of load-bearing beams, falling of steps from grooves can lead to serious injury.

Bolts are strong, bolted metal supports. The design is simple, reliable, durable. Since the load-bearing beam is attached to the ceiling, wall or floor with metal rods, structures can withstand very heavy loads.

The good thing about ladders on the bolts is that they can be disassembled, repaired or reconstructed at any time. For such structures, open and closed steps are suitable. They can be of any shape, size.

Beautiful staircases on the walls in a wooden house give the interior airiness and lightness due to the absence of a pronounced load-bearing element. And the free area under them can be used rationally. For example, make a small library there by installing 2-3 book shelves.

Spiral staircases

Buildings of this type are perfect for lovers of the original interior, as well as for owners of premises with a limited amount of useful square meters.

The spiral structure is formed by: support pillar, steps, fences, railings. The stairs are very diverse in shape: from round to octagonal.

The frame of a screw structure is made in most cases from metal. However, models made only of wood are often found. Strength, durability are the main advantages of spiral staircases. However, it is not recommended to install such structures in homes where there are children and elderly people with musculoskeletal disorders.

Materials for making stairs

In the manufacture of stair structures use:

• wood;
• concrete;
• glass;
• metal;
• a rock;
• plywood;
• combination of materials.

Metal structures are in great demand. They are considered environmentally friendly, reliable, durable, and affordable. The combination of these materials with glass, stone, plastic is often practiced. This allows you to bring the design closer to the style of the interior.

A wooden staircase in a modern style is made of such wood species as pine, oak, beech, fir, larch, birch. Such designs can be complemented by metal railings decorated with forging.

The stone structure also looks no less impressive and is characterized by a long service life. However, its installation requires a high-strength base, since the stone is a heavy material.

Steps or risers are often made of natural stone, and all other elements are made of artificial, which greatly facilitates the construction. An unnatural stone is inferior to natural in its characteristics, but in appearance it differs little from it.

Particularly beautiful and rich look stone forged stairs. An interesting look is created by steps of rough stone in combination with a railing of curved branches.

Concrete is considered the most affordable finishing material for stairs. Despite its strength and safety, it is not distinguished by its durability.

For high-tech, pop art, loft styles, stair structures with glass steps are suitable. They are made of high-strength tempered glass, so you can safely walk on them.

Popular stair styles

Currently, there are many styles of staircases. Their number is constantly changing, as design elements are improved, supplemented, while forming a completely new style.

However, it is customary to single out several of the most famous approaches:

Color schemes

Staircase structures should be made in a color that is in harmony with the interior. Today, a wide range of shades is presented for selection. The most popular are:

Staircase structures can be two-color. For example, a building that combines white and black colors looks beautiful and rich.

Railing Options

Railings are constituent elements of staircase structures that perform the following functions:

• serve for convenient, safe ascent and descent;
• act as a decoration.

The railings include handrails, balusters. A handrail means a bar that runs along the flight of the stairs. A baluster is an element that performs the function of supporting the handrail.

There is a wide selection of handrails on the construction market. They come in different models:

The choice of one or another version of the railings depends on the style of the interior and the taste preferences of the owner of the house.

Staircase lighting

The staircase lighting is used for safe movement on it and for decoration. By choosing one or another type of lighting, you can create the right atmosphere in your home.

Highlighting steps on a ladder promotes safe movement on it in the dark.

Practical and aesthetic use of the space under the stairs

The free area formed under the stairs can be used with benefit:

Rationally use not only the space under the stairs, but also between the steps. Special boxes are created under them for storing things: shoes, magazines, newspapers. It is not worth overloading the stairs with things too much, as this can lead to the destruction of the structure.

The space between the flights of stairs is filled with soft seats and this area is used for reading your favorite book or evening gatherings with loved ones.

Stairs with original design - photo

Sometimes designers are so keen on their ideas that they create real works of art from decorative wooden stairs that are impossible to take their eyes off of.