General requirements for the construction of smoke and ventilation ducts. Rules for checking ventilation ducts and chimneys in private and apartment buildings Cross-sectional area

The operation of any heating equipment operating on solid fuels leads to inevitable filling with soot, which settles on interior walls kah. If cracks appear in the pipe, this can provoke a soot ignition and, as a result, a fire in residential premises or in the under-roof space. Therefore, experts are constantly talking about the need to repair the chimney.

Prices

This is a fairly common service that is often ordered from our company. The period of operation does not matter - repairs may require both old and worn out, and completely new chimneys. As for the latter case, the repair of a chimney only recently installed may be required due to the low qualifications of the specialists involved in their arrangement.

Chimney repair: before - after

PROGRESS:

Professional chimney repair

What can we offer you

A leak can be a serious threat to the safety of an industrial building or residential building. Therefore, it is very important to fix the problem in time.

Our experts offer the following option: lining (sealing) the chimney using a special solution. The first step in any chimney repair is making a hole in the part of the duct located below. When the sealing work is completed, it is sealed.

Areas with significant slopes and bends are bricked by hand. This will require a large number of special holes through which the sealing will be carried out. This procedure will result in a significant increase in safety and traction.

The following reason may be the reason for the repair of the chimney. Intensive operation of diesel and gas boilers can lead to icing of the upper part of the chimney, destruction of brickwork, dampness of the wall inside the room, and the formation of back draft in the chimney. In this case, we offer a lot of options that will help improve the performance of your particular chimney. For example, installing a stainless steel sleeve in a chimney, installing a candle on a chimney, sealing, restoring brickwork, insulating, lining the chimney and much more.

Reviews about us

Olga 07/19/14

I want to say "well done!" your company and sincerely thank Sergey (he installed ventilation and gas pipes in a cottage in Lotoshino) with his guys. When building a large facility, you can see how different contractors work. And it happens that having a competent, beautiful website and considerable cost, the work of a contractor company is simply disgusting. In "Vent-project" I liked the work, and the quality, and the staff, and the timing, and the result.

Pizzeria "Grand" 01/15/14

I really liked how the chimney sweeps of this company worked. Since the institution works seven days a week, we agreed to clean pipes for non-working hours - we expected that difficulties might appear, but we were assured that they work in this mode all the time. It's nice that they did not require you to pay extra for this. The guys worked quickly, without dirt, everything was cultural and professional. After cleaning, the hoods work much more efficiently, they cope better with the removal of smoke. I am sure that we will become their regular customers.

Nikita 12/10/13

Renovated the house where the parents live. I called Vent Project to clean the old chimneys, as it was supposed to remake the stove and fireplace. The craftsmen came, examined everything and advised to make repairs, as some bricks fell out. The finances for the construction were strictly scheduled, so I doubted, but asked to calculate how much everything would cost. Quite a reasonable amount came out. I am very pleased with how the chimneys were made, worked conscientiously, everything was verified to the millimeter.

Still have questions? Get a free consultation!

We work around the clock, seven days a week and additional allowances

There are no impossible tasks for us!

Safe use of the oven and gas equipment possible only with timely removal of combustion products and continuous air exchange inside the premises. This and some other functions are performed by the chimneys of the of various kinds: from graceful decorations of country villas to giant monsters - indispensable attributes of industrial zones.

Natural draft principle

The outflow of gas combustion products from boilers, columns and furnaces is carried out through ventilation and chimneys by means of natural draft. Traction is provided when the temperature difference between the street and the house. The higher the ventilation duct or chimney and the greater the temperature difference, the more intensively the chimney pulls. Therefore, natural ventilation works best on the ground floors of multi-storey buildings even during the cold season.

The temperature of the combustion products above the working stove is about 200 degrees. The air temperature in the ventilation and chimneys is not more than 25 degrees and therefore the draft is very weak. In summer, when the temperature outside is higher than indoors, the draft can "tip over", that is, air is sucked into the apartments from the ventilation.

To a large extent, the efficient operation of the system depends on the frequency of checks of the flue and ventilation ducts.

Reasons for reduced thrust:

• contamination of the inner walls of the channels;
• roughness, narrowing of the walls;
• increase in the diameter of the channel;
• air leaks.

A significant part of the energy of the air moving through the channel is spent on resistance to friction against the walls, when turning and reducing the diameter of the channel. The head loss indicator depends on the masonry of the smoke or ventilation duct, its length and condition. In the presence of protrusions, build-up of dust and roughness, the resistance increases. Therefore, timely inspection and cleaning of ventilation and smoke ducts increases traction.

In large ducts, even with perfect adherence to the rules safe operation chimney and ventilation pipes, the draft is reduced, since the combustion products are cooled faster.

With air leaks in the channel, the thrust also decreases, since the air temperature in the channel decreases, and its volume increases. Therefore, all pipe service hatches must be kept closed.

The draft in the chimneys during the operation of the boiler or stove is about 14 Pa. It is much lower in ventilation ducts. The opening of the air vents in apartments, the direction and strength of the wind, and even the location of neighboring houses affect the draft. Ventilation and chimneys should not be located in the area of ​​the wind support. This is the space below the line from the highest point of the nearest building to the horizon at a 45 degree angle.

Construction of ventilation pipes and chimneys

According to the rules for the operation of chimneys and ventilation pipes, they are arranged inside the house to maintain the temperature of the exhaust air. You can arrange ventilation and smoke channels outside, then they need insulation.

The masonry of ventilation and smoke ducts consists of clay bricks or heat-resistant concrete (asbestos cement). The thickness of the brickwork is from 12 cm, the concrete wall of the ventilation or smoke channel is more than 6 cm. The SNiP states that ventilation and smoke channels are arranged only vertically, without transitions and horizontal sections.

Pocket device (holes) for cleaning the chimney

Openings for cleaning and a pocket with a depth of 25 cm are left at the base of the chimney. The openings are covered with doors and lined with bricks installed on the rib. The laying is done on a clay solution. In asbestos-cement pipes, a leaf is left for cleaning.

The pocket is necessary so that when the masonry is destroyed, the fragments of brick do not block the inlet, falling slightly lower. All the garbage that gets into the chimney also accumulates in the pocket. If you do not provide for a pocket, debris will gradually reduce the cross section of the chimney and worsen draft.

Unsuitable materials for the construction of smoke and ventilation ducts:

• slag concrete;
• silicate, perforated, slotted brick;
• coarse-grained materials.

Although sand-lime brick resists well high temperatures, it is destroyed by carbon dioxide and wet vapors. If there are no other materials, SNiP requires a device in the ventilation and smoke channel of an internal lining of red brick 13 cm thick.

Chimneys can be:

• mounted (from asbestos-cement pipes inserted into each other);
• solid (brick).

Packed pipes are distinguished by smooth inner walls, they are supported on fireplaces or stoves with powerful (no thinner than 1/2 brick) walls. If the pipe is heavy, a reinforced concrete slab is installed on the furnace ceiling and the pipe is already attached to it.

Asbestos-cement packed pipes are much lighter than brick ones, they do not need to be disassembled during overhaul, they are quickly installed.

A brick chimney requires a special foundation, which is laid to a depth exceeding the depth of soil freezing.

When erecting low-rise buildings, prefabricated chimneys are used, which are built into the wall or form a riser. The chimney walls are made of heat-resistant concrete.

In places where the chimney passes through the roof, it is necessary to leave an opening with a width of 13 cm. The connection between the chimney and the roof is covered with a stainless steel apron.

The chimney can have a slope of up to 30 degrees with an offset to the side of no more than 100 cm. Such segments should be of the same cross-section, equal to the cross-section of vertical segments with smooth walls.

Brick chimney heads are covered with plaster by 20 cm to protect from precipitation. Deflectors and umbrellas are not installed on chimneys.

Chimneys of gasified buildings

Ventilation and smoke ducts of gasified premises should rise above a flat roof by 50 cm or more. On pitched roof 50 cm or more above the rib or to the height of the rib with a distance from the rib to the chimney of 1.5 - 3 meters.

The height of the chimneys of the gasified rooms must be equal to the height of the exhaust ducts.

Heating equipment is connected to the system of ventilation and smoke ducts in the gasified room through metal adapters. The length of the vertical adapter must be from 50 cm. If the height of the room is less than 2 m 70 cm and draft stabilization is used, the vertical adapter can be shortened to 25 cm. The total length of the horizontal adapters can be up to 3 m in new buildings or up to 6 m in existing buildings.

A slope towards the boiler from 0.01 is allowed. Pipes must be fixed rigidly without the possibility of sagging. The pipe bends are inserted into each other along the smoke path and overlap by 1/2 of the chimney diameter.

The metal adapter is tightly attached to the chimney without protruding beyond the walls of the channel.

If the pipe is made of sheet metal, it must be treated with a heat-resistant varnish.

The pipe is attached to the chimney, leaving a 25 cm pocket and a control hatch, just like when building a chimney. If the appliance is not equipped with a draft stabilizer, a 15 mm perforated damper is required, through which the oven is ventilated during the idle period.

When retrofitting old chimneys from ovens for gas appliances, poor draft is often observed. The furnaces are fired for a longer time and the temperature of the combustion products is much higher than during the operation of a gas boiler, therefore, the discharge of air from the combustion of gas is not enough.

Chimney requirements

Chimney operation

The rules for the safe operation of chimneys and ventilation pipes require periodic cleaning and inspection. Without cleaning, a long-term operating chimney becomes a potential source of fire or poisoning for residents. The need for cleaning ventilation and smoke channels is determined by routine inspections.

A chimney made of bricks or made of asbestos-cement pipes loses its appearance after a while and works worse. Soot and soot accumulate on the inner walls, the chimney clearance decreases and the draft decreases. But there is another danger: the products of combustion can ignite. Substances released by soot destroy pipe material and masonry seams. The tightness of the chimney decreases, the fuel does not burn completely, and the draft deteriorates.

Only periodic checks of smoke and ventilation ducts will help to avoid dangerous situations.

If heating equipment is used every day, the frequency of checking and cleaning the ventilation and flue ducts is 8 weeks. If the stove is melted from time to time, you need to check the condition of the chimney twice a year: in the fall, before starting heating season and in the spring.

Checking chimneys

Inspection of smoke and ventilation ducts is carried out in the following cases:

1. when converting stoves to gas fuel;
2. when connected to the chimneys of gas boilers;
3. if it is necessary to diagnose the condition of the chimney and poor draft.

Purpose of checking ventilation and flue ducts:

• compliance of the materials of the masonry of the smoke or ventilation duct and the device with the requirements of SNiP;
• the presence of blockages;
• the presence of traction;
• the density of the chimney walls;
• the condition and presence of partitions separating the adjacent building structures;
• the condition of the head and its location in relation to the roof, buildings and trees.

Progress of checking ventilation and flue ducts:

• To determine the blockages in the chimney from above, a load in the form of a sphere, weighing 3 kg and measuring up to 10 cm, is lowered into it. If the load passes unhindered, the channel is clean;
• To determine the isolation and density of the channels, the smoke method is used. A burning tow soaked in gasoline or a bundle of straw is put into the window for cleaning, which gives off abundant smoke when burning. From above, the outlet of the chimney is tightly covered. If the smell of smoke appears in nearby rooms or channels, then the walls of the channel are not dense;
• The cleanliness of the channel walls is inspected by lowering an electric light bulb with a power of up to 500 W into the chimney. The density of the walls is determined at the same time. If there is light in the adjacent channels, then there are gaps.

Based on the results of the inspection of ventilation and flue ducts, cleaning is carried out. She may be:

• mechanical;
• chemical.

Mechanical cleaning is carried out with brushes and metal wire brushes. Under the weight of the load, they descend on ropes into the chimney and scrape off all deposits from the walls. Some pipes (for example, ceramic) are difficult to clean - they can crack.

Dry cleaning is safer. In the firebox, a "chimney sweep log" is burned, which burns out soot on the walls of the chimney. The material is impregnated chemical composition decomposing soot and soot. But dry cleaning does not cope with thick deposits, therefore it is used as an auxiliary or preventive.

Industrial chimneys

The purpose of industrial chimneys and ventilation pipes is not only in the removal of combustion products, but also in maintaining combustion in boiler units. In the recent past, most industrial chimneys and ventilation pipes were made of brickwork. Today, it is increasingly being replaced by metal pipes with thermal insulation. The height of the structure can be up to 60 meters.

According to the rules of safe operation of chimney and ventilation pipes, they need periodic cleaning. Prevention is carried out at the end of the heating season. And in order to exclude accidents, scheduled inspections of ventilation and smoke channels are assigned.

They design chimneys and ventilation pipes for industry, taking into account each specific enterprise, since the task of the construction is always unique.

When designing, take into account environmental standards for the rate of dispersion of smoke and limit smoke concentrations.

Types of industrial chimneys:

• Self-supporting metal... The cheapest are made of thermally insulated metal. They are very heavy. Can be single-barreled or multi-barreled;
• Self-supporting truss... They represent a truss column with heat-insulated gas ducts. 1 - 6 trunks are attached to one truss. The farm itself is made of rolled pipes;
• Metal columns... One powerful "shell" in which 1 - 5 trunks are hidden. Maximum height 60 m, diameter up to 3.5 meters;
• Stretching... Single-barrel metal pipe, which is attached with guy wires. Most often they are installed in industrial plants. Produced by rolling. Such a pipe will last no more than 15 years, even if all the rules for the operation of ventilation and chimneys are observed;
• Facade... The most economical option, does not need a foundation or supporting structure. Fastened to the facade, often this type of pipe is used in attached or built-in boiler houses.

The diameter of the pipes can be from 0.2 to 1.5 meters, and the height is 8 to 60 meters. There can be several gas outlet channels.

Depending on the conditions, industrial chimneys can be equipped with:

• lightning rod;
• protective lighting;
• ladders and service platforms.

When installing a rectangular industrial chimney, the correct aspect ratio is very important. The best is 1: 1.5 with the inner corners ground down.

The rules for the operation of smoke and ventilation pipes require their installation only on special self-supporting foundations.

And at the end, a video about dismantling industrial chimneys.

SNiP III-G.11-62

BUILDING REGULATIONS

HEATING FURNACES, SMOKE AND VENTILATION DUCTS OF RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. RULES FOR PRODUCTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

Part III, section D

Chapter 11

Date of introduction 1963-04-01

INTRODUCED by the Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the USSR

APPROVED by the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction Affairs on December 14, 1962

REPLACE Chapter III-B.3 SNiP edition 1955


Chapter SNiP III-G.11-62 "Heating stoves, smoke and ventilation ducts of residential and public buildings. Rules for production and acceptance of works" was developed by the Scientific Research Institute for the construction of the USSR AS&A in Rostov-on-Don.

With the entry into force of the chapter of SNiP III-G.11-62 "Heating stoves, smoke and ventilation ducts of residential and public buildings. Rules for the production and acceptance of works" become invalid from April 1, 1963: § 4 "Furnace works" of Chapter III- B.3 "Stone and furnace works" SNiP edition of 1955; § 3 "Furnace works" "Technical conditions for the production and acceptance of stone and furnace work" (SN 46-59); GOST 4058-48 "Stove heating. Fire prevention".

1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1.1. The rules of this chapter apply to the production and acceptance of work on the construction of furnaces with fire chambers: heating, heating and cooking, kitchen stoves, etc., as well as smoke and ventilation ducts in the construction of residential and public buildings.

Notes:

1. Factory production of furnaces, blocks and metal parts for them and for chimneys is not considered in this chapter.

2. The rules concerning the use of gas fuel in stoves, cookers and other household appliances are given in chapter SNiP III-G.2-62 "Gas supply. Internal devices. Rules for production and acceptance of work".

1.2. The placement of stoves, stoves, chimneys and similar devices in the building plan should be carried out in accordance with the architectural and construction project, and their laying - according to standard or working drawings that are part of the project.

Furnaces, stoves, etc., without corresponding drawings are not permitted.

When carrying out furnace work, no deviations from fire safety requirements are allowed.

1.3. The laying of stoves must be carried out by stove-makers who have a certificate issued by the departmental qualification commission for the right to carry out stove work.

1.4. Furnace work should be carried out according to the work production project using advanced labor methods, rational tools, implements and fixtures.

2. BUILDING MATERIALS FOR OVEN WORKS

2.1. Materials for furnace work must meet the requirements of the current GOST and project guidelines.

2.2. For laying foundations for stoves and chimneys, the same materials are used as for foundations of buildings.

2.3. For stoves, stoves, chimneys, channels made of bricks, the following materials should be used:

a) for the main masonry of stoves, chimneys and chimneys in the walls, including from gas appliances- ordinary clay brick (full-bodied);

b) for lining - refractory and refractory bricks;

c) for cladding - tiles, roofing and rolled steel, asbophane;

d) for cutting fireproof insulation and cladding - ordinary clay brick (solid), asbestos cardboard, asbestos-cement heat-insulating plates, inorganic mineral wool products on a synthetic basis (mats, semi-rigid plates), building felt soaked in clay solution.

Note. The use of bituminous mineral wool products for fire retardant insulation is not allowed.

2.4. When performing furnace work, the following solutions should be used:

a) for laying stoves and kitchen stoves from ordinary bricks - clay-sand;

b) for refractory brick masonry - refractory clay with sand;

c) for masonry from refractory bricks- refractory clay with chamotte powder;

d) for laying chimneys, ventilation and smoke channels in the walls of buildings - lime-sand or lime-cement;

e) for laying chimneys above the attic floor - lime-cement, and above the roof - cement.

2.5. The composition of the clay-sand mortar is assigned depending on the fat content of the clay in ratios that ensure the drying of the solution without a noticeable change in volume and without cracking.

The preparation of the clay-sand mortar should be carried out in advance, at least one day before the start of work.

2.6. The following special requirements are imposed on materials for kiln work:

a) the brick must have the correct shape, the same dimensions, not contain extraneous inclusions, make a clear sound when tapped, and be strong enough;

b) clay for masonry from ordinary bricks should be used plastic, mainly red, not contaminated with random impurities; before using in solution, the clay must be soaked and rubbed through a mesh with holes of 3-4 mm;

c) sand for solutions should be used mainly mountainous, without impurities and plant residues, fine-grained, sifted through a sieve with cells of 1-1.5 mm;

d) for the preparation of solutions, you should take clean water; in the case of using sea water, the norms of cement in solutions should be increased by 10-15%.

3. PRODUCTION OF OVEN WORKS

3.1. The mass production of industrial-type ovens and cookers, as well as blocks, frames and other elements for them, as a rule, should be carried out in factories using a special technology with a random check of products in terms of their strength and heat resistance.

In the case of the production of the same products under conditions construction site special attention should be paid to the choice of the composition of concrete and other means that ensure the heat resistance of the blocks.

3.2. Upon receipt from the manufacturer of furnaces and furnace blocks, each set and the dimensional accuracy of individual blocks should be checked prior to installation and assembly.

All stove appliances - doors, latches, etc. - must be serviceable and firmly strengthened.

3.3. Prefabricated ovens and cookers must be assembled and replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

If the weight of individual furnace blocks is more than 50 kg, the assembly of furnaces should be carried out using the simplest mechanisms.

Clay mortar should be used for laying blocks, brick liners and lining.

3.4. Furnace work should be carried out only if there is a permanent roof or temporary shelter above the place where the furnaces are laid.

3.5. Procurement and delivery to the site of materials and products for the production of furnace work (furnace blocks, bricks, clay, sand, metal parts, furnace devices, etc.) should be done in advance and in quantities that ensure the uninterrupted operation of these works.

3.6. Materials intended for laying stoves must be reliably protected from atmospheric precipitation, and in winter conditions, immediately before use, they must be heated to a temperature not lower than +5 ° C.

3.7. Furnace works should be started with the appropriate technical documentation:

a) building plans with reference to stoves, chimneys and foundations for them;

b) typical or working drawings of furnaces with orders.

3.8. The laying of foundations for furnaces and chimneys must be carried out in accordance with the rules given in the chapter SNiP III-B.4-62 "Stone structures. Rules for production and acceptance of works". It is recommended to use concrete blocks for the construction of foundations.

Between the foundations for the furnaces and pipes and the foundations of the walls of the building, gaps should be left with filling them with sand.

3.9. The laying of the foundation for the stove and the pipe is not brought to the level of the clean floor by 15 cm. On top of this masonry, a lining is made of two rows of bricks with a layer of waterproofing between them (2 layers of roofing felt or roofing felt).

3.10. Ordinary clay brick must be moistened with water before laying it.

Refractory and refractory bricks and ceramic products only need to be rinsed with water.

3.11. The laying of stoves, stoves and chimneys should be carried out in compliance with the horizontal rows, verticality, correctness of the outer surfaces and corners, as well as the proper shape and size of the internal channels, guided by the order given in the drawings.

3.12. Each row of masonry should be laid out with bandaging the seams in bricks. In rows where a three-quarter brick must be used to ensure the dressing, brick dressing is allowed. Bandaging the seams of the main masonry with a lining of refractory or refractory bricks is not allowed.

3.13. The thickness of the seams of the oven masonry made of ordinary clay bricks should be no more than 5 mm, and of refractory and refractory bricks - 3 mm.

The thickness of the seams of pipe masonry, performed with lime or complex mortar, is allowed 10 mm.

Horizontal and vertical joints should be filled with mortar to the full thickness of the wall.

3.14. The stove can be supported directly on the floor if it is specially designed for the static load from it and the fire safety requirements of section 5 of these standards are met.

3.15. As the masonry is being erected, the inner surfaces of the furnaces and channels must be mopped with a wet cloth without the use of mortar.

3.16. Small openings in the walls of the furnaces should be blocked by overlapping bricks or laying "in the castle", and more significant ones should be covered with arches. The use of steel lintels to cover the holes is not permitted.

Small spaces in the furnaces are covered with overlapping bricks, and large spaces are covered with vaults.

The masonry of the vaults should be performed with bandaging the rows so that vertical through seams are not obtained.

3.17. Fastening of the frames of furnace and other doors in the brickwork is carried out with the help of legs made of steel tape. The legs riveted to the doors are laid and fixed in the seams of the masonry. The doors are installed in place simultaneously with the laying of the oven; in this case, asbestos is laid along the perimeter of the frame.

3.18. The grates are located in the firebox below the furnace hole by 7-14 cm and are placed in place, leaving 5 mm wide gaps filled with sand around the perimeter. The slots in the grate should be directed along the firebox.

3.19. Smoke dampers or views are installed in the furnace or in the flue duct according to the drawing.

If coal or gas is used as fuel for the furnace, a 20 mm hole must be drilled in the valve or view.

3.20. As the stove is being erected, an intermediate check should be made of the correctness of the laying of the firebox, gas ducts, the strength of fastening of devices, etc.

On hidden works an act must be drawn up signed by the manufacturer of the work and the stove-maker.

3.21. The cladding of stoves and stoves is determined by the project.

When decorating and decorating ovens and stoves, it is necessary to ensure that all external surfaces look smooth and can be kept clean.

3.22. Facing with tiles is carried out simultaneously with the execution of brickwork, with the fastening of tiles to each other and to the masonry using staples, pins and wire.

Facing with tiles can be done in two ways: "in a straight thread", when the vertical seams coincide and serve as a continuation of each other, or by bandaging on a tile in each row.

Tiles are pre-selected dry on the floor in size and shade, and then they are trimmed and lapped.

The vertical joints between the tiles should be tightly fitted, and the horizontal joints should be 1.5 mm thick and filled with plaster mortar.

When installing tiles, it is necessary to strictly observe the horizontal rows and the verticality of planes and corners.

3.23. Cladding ovens and stoves in metal frames can be produced with asbophane or glazed tiles.

Sheets of asbophane are laid between the posts and frame ties and are pressed from the inside by the brickwork.

When tiling with tiles, they are glued onto the finished surfaces of the furnace using one of the following solutions:

a) liquid glass, b) liquid glass with cement, c) liquid glass with finely ground quartz sand and 2% sodium fluorosilicon.

3.24. Plastering of brick kilns and pipes, depending on the required quality of finishing, purpose and humidity of the room, is made with mortars: a) clay-sand, b) lime-clay-sand, c) lime-alabaster-sand and d) cement-clay-sand ... The thickness of the plaster batter should not exceed 10 mm.

Notes:

1. Cement-clay-sand mortar is used in rooms with high humidity.

2. To make the plaster more durable, asbestos fiber (0.1-0.2 parts by volume) is added to the mortar. Furnace walls should be plastered after drying.

3.25. The simplest finishing of the outer surfaces of the stoves is done by mopping the walls and grouting them with dry bricks or by joining the masonry.

Furnaces are painted with water or casein paints, as well as lime.

Stove appliances and metal cases are painted with stove varnish or heat-resistant paints.

The surfaces of the chimneys in the attic rooms must be grouted with mortar and whitewashed, and above the roof they must be finished according to the instructions in the project.

3.26. When installing stoves and other hearths, the following work must be performed:

a) along the perimeter of the top of the apartment-type slab, a framing made of corner steel is laid, and for slabs with a busy mode of operation (for example, in canteens) they are additionally reinforced at the corners with racks and equipped with a safety handrail on top;

b) upper surface oven protected from excessive heating by a layer of clay with crushed stone or flaky;

c) installation of a combined cooker with a hot water boiler apartment heating should be carried out only according to a special drawing of the heating project.

3.27. Drying of ovens is carried out by heating them with gradually increasing portions of fuel (dry shavings, wood chips, wood), starting with a bookmark of 20-30% of the usual rate. The drying time is set depending on the size of the oven and the moisture content of the masonry. Drying can be considered complete if damp spots cease to appear on the surface of the furnace, and traces of condensation on the valve or view.

During the drying of the oven, the shutter, furnace and blower doors, as well as the window in the window must remain open around the clock. The temperature of the outer surfaces of the oven during drying should not exceed 50-60 ° C.

3.28. When carrying out furnace work in winter conditions, the following rules must be observed:

a) laying the foundations for the furnace should be done in heated rooms or by freezing; in the latter case, with the obligatory thawing and hardening of the solution before the start of laying the furnaces;

b) it is allowed to lay stoves in portable heated greenhouses;

in both cases, the room temperature during masonry and until the oven is completely dry must be at least +5 ° C. The laying of stoves and kitchen stoves on consoles embedded in the walls of the building, erected by the freezing method, can be allowed not earlier than the complete hardening of the thawed brickwork mortar;

c) oven laying by the freezing method is not allowed;

d) the brick used for laying stoves in greenhouses must be warmed up, sand and clay must be thawed, and the water must be heated up to + 12-15 ° С;

e) root pipes and canals are allowed to be laid according to the freezing method in compliance with general construction rules;

f) stoves stacked in heated rooms must be dried before being exposed to negative temperatures.

4. SMOKE AND VENTILATION DUCTS

4.1. Each stove and stove must have a separate flue duct in the main pipe, top pipe or stone wall, with a direct outlet above the roof.

In exceptional cases, it is allowed to connect to one smoke channel two hearths located on the same floor and in the same apartment, and the inlets to the channel must be at a distance of at least 0.75 m from each other along the height of the channel. When the inlets are located at the same level, the smoke channel is cut by a partition into bricks into two channels to a height of at least 0.75 m from the level of the inlets.

4.2. For the removal of combustion products from gas appliances (water heaters, etc.), it is necessary to arrange separate smoke channels with dense walls. The section of the smoke ducts should be done according to the project.

4.3. Smoke and ventilation ducts in brickwork should be carried out strictly vertically with partitions between them at least bricks with complete filling of the joints with mortar.

If necessary, it is allowed to make a channel in the wall at an angle of up to 30 ° to the vertical with an offset of no more than 1 m. Throughout the inclined section, its normal section must be maintained.

4.4. Installation of smoke and ventilation ducts in the outer walls of the building is not permitted. In exceptional cases, such an arrangement of smoke channels is allowed provided they are insulated from the outside of the wall by thickening the masonry or in another way provided for in the project.

4.5. If the walls of the building are made of cinder-concrete stones, slotted or silicate bricks, the laying of sections of the walls with smoke channels should be made of ordinary full-bodied clay bricks, or the channels can be made of ceramic pipes or special heat-resistant blocks.

4.6. The height of the chimneys above the roof of the building is set by the project depending on their horizontal distance from the ridge. In all cases, this height must be at least 0.5 m from the roof, and the total height of the smoke channel from the grate level must be at least 5 m.

Note. In the absence of instructions in the project, the height of the pipe should be:

a) at least 0.5 m above the ridge, if the pipe is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge;

b) not below the level of the ridge, if the pipe is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge;

c) not lower than a line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon, if the pipe is located more than 3 m from the ridge.

4.7. Chimney tops and brick walls with channels must be protected from the effects of precipitation by plastering them cement mortar... Do not block chimneys and channels in the walls with metal umbrellas.

4.8. The outlet above the roof of the ventilation ducts located next to the smoke ducts should be done at the same general level.

4.9. In the gas ducts of furnaces and chimneys, in places of possible accumulation of soot and ash carry-over (with the exception of attic rooms), cleaning holes should be arranged, closed by doors with brickwork on the edge on clay mortar.

5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

5.1. In places where the combustible parts of the building (floors, beams, etc.) are adjacent to the smoke channels, it is necessary to arrange cutting, i.e. thickening in brickwork of pipes and walls with smoke channels. Cutting should also be arranged in places where combustion structures are close to ventilation ducts, if ventilation ducts are located next to smoke ducts.

5.2. The grooves at chimneys and walls with smoke ducts in the ceilings must be at least as indicated in Table 1.

Table 1

5.3. When arranging grooves in the ceiling, an independent upsetting of furnaces and pipes should be ensured. Therefore, the grooves must not be allowed to rest on the structural elements of the floor. The height of the groove should be greater than the thickness of the floor by the amount of possible settlement of the building and 7 cm above the layer of combustible backfill. Horizontal cuts in the floor plane are performed simultaneously with the main masonry.

5.4. The gaps between the overlap and the groove are filled with clay mortar mixed with asbestos fines.

5.5. Ceiling liner and floor should only be brought to cut. The floor above the horizontal groove must be made of non-combustible materials (concrete, tiles).

5.6. Metal and reinforced concrete beams passing near the chimneys must be at least 13 cm away from the inner surface of the latter.

5.7. Between the stove and the chimney, on the one hand, and the combustible wall or partition, on the other hand, an air gap (indentation) must be left for the entire height of the stove or chimney.

Combustible walls or partitions in retreats must be protected with thermal insulation materials.

The width of the setback and the method of insulation of walls and partitions in the setbacks are taken in accordance with Table 2.

table 2

5.8. In public canteens, children's and medical institutions, hostels, the insulation of combustible walls, partitions at kitchen stoves is done according to clause 7 of Table 2.

5.9. The air gap (setback) at the stoves can be left open or sealed on both sides with walls made of bricks or other non-combustible materials.

The floor in the air gap should be lined with bricks one row above the floor level of the room. The side walls of the closed chamber should not be tied up with the main masonry of the oven. Holes should be left at the top and bottom of the walls, closed by gratings with a free area of ​​at least 150 cm each.

Note. In children's and medical institutions, it is not allowed to leave open air gaps near the stoves.

5.10. Vertical cuts in the openings of combustible partitions should be carried out to the entire height of the furnace or pipe, their thickness should not be less than the thickness of the partition. The groove width should be in accordance with Table 1.

5.11. The distance from the upper plane of the stove overlap to the combustible and fire-protected ceiling of the room must be at least as indicated in Table 3.

Table 3

5.12. When laying thick-walled stoves and apartment-type kitchen stoves, the following minimum distances from the floor level to the bottom of the gas flow and ash pan must be observed:

a) with a combustible base:

to the bottom of the ash pan - 14 cm, to the bottom of the gas turnover - 21 cm;

b) with a fireproof base and a combustible floor:

the bottom of the ash pan - at floor level, to the bottom of the last; gas circulation - 14 cm; to the bottom of the remaining gas turns - 21 cm;

c) with a fireproof base and a fireproof floor - the bottom of the ash pan and all gas ducts can be laid out from the floor level of the room.

5.13. The combustible floor under frame thin-walled ovens and kitchen stoves with metal legs must be insulated with 12 mm thick asbestos cardboard with roofing steel upholstery on top.

5.14. Installation of restaurant-type cookers without legs is allowed only on a non-combustible base.

5.15. To protect the floor and walls from fire near the furnace door of the furnace, you must:

a) on wooden floor nail a 70x50 cm metal sheet in front of the fire door, covering the floor and plinth at the furnace wall;

b) protect the combustible wall adjacent to the furnace door at an angle to the front of the furnace from fire;

c) the distance from the furnace door to the opposite wall must be at least 1.25 m.

Note. In children's and medical institutions, furnace holes in heating furnaces should be located on the side of the corridors.

5.16. The gap between the top of the thick-walled furnace and the ceiling can be closed on all sides with brick walls, in this case, the thickness of the upper ceiling (overlap) of the furnace must be at least 4 rows of brickwork, and the burning ceiling is protected from fire.

5.17. It is not allowed to place wooden beams in the brickwork between the stoves of the lower and upper floors.

5.18. When passing through the roofs of brick and concrete pipes and walls with smoke channels, their inner surfaces must be removed from combustible structures (rafters, Mauerlat, lathing, etc.) not less than indicated for the corresponding case in Table 1. In this case, the outer surfaces of pipes and walls with channels must be at least 13 cm away from the same structures.

The free space between pipes and combustible structures must be covered with a non-combustible roofing material, with bringing it under the pipe otter.

5.19. Metal chimneys should be 70 cm away from the combustible roof structures.At the same time, within the attic, the pipes should be insulated with a layer of asbestos at least 3 cm thick and plastered over the mesh with cement mortar, and in the places where they pass through the combustible roof, they should be additionally equipped with special devices in the form sandboxes.

5.20. Chimneys of buildings with combustible roofs must be equipped with spark arresters (metal grids) with openings no more than 5 mm.

5.21. In attic rooms, horizontal chimney hogs and cleaning holes on chimneys are not allowed.

5.22. To connect stoves to chimneys in root pipes and in stone walls, branch pipes and cross-over sleeves (horizontal chimneys) can be used, observing the distances indicated in Table 1 and the following rules:

a) the length of the crossover sleeves should not exceed 2 m,

b) the thickness of the brick walls and the bottom of the crossover sleeve, enclosed in a roofing steel case, should be at least a brick, and in the absence of a case, at least a brick on a clay-sand mortar.

The thickness of the sleeve overlap should be at least two rows of brickwork with bandaging of the seams;

c) short metal pipes no more than 40 cm long made of sheet steel with a thickness of at least 1 mm may be used without lining, but with the imposition of 3 cm asbestos insulation and plaster metal mesh;

d) Reinforced heat-resistant ones can be used for crossover sleeves concrete pipes and rectangular boxes, as well as pressure asbestos-cement pipes without joints along the length of the sleeve, insulated with a layer of asbestos 3 cm thick, with plaster on a metal mesh;

e) crossover sleeves should be reliably strengthened by laying them on metal or concrete beams;

f) sleeves should be laid with a rise of 0.01 in the direction of the smoke movement;

g) the device of detachable hoses and branch pipes is prohibited;

h) the outer surface of the bottom of the crossover sleeve or branch pipe located above the combustible floor must be at least 14 cm from the latter.

5.23. In seismic regions, it is not allowed to install stacked chimneys on stoves, and the stoves themselves must be enclosed in frames from corners or in cases made of roofing steel.

5.24. Installation of ventilation grilles on smoke ducts is not allowed.

5.25. Drying and trial firing of furnaces before the chimneys are brought out above the roof are not allowed.

6. ACCEPTANCE OF FURNACE WORKS

6.1. Delivery and acceptance of furnace works in the event of their mass performance consists in technical examination and inspection of all furnace devices, without exception, in each apartment or other facility. At the same time, the compliance with the project and the number of completed furnace devices, the quality of work in terms of fireboxes and gas ducts, the quality and strength of the installation of furnace devices, external decoration, the presence of cleanings and compliance with all rules of fire safety measures should be checked. For hidden work (gas ducts, cutting, insulation, etc.), appropriate acts must be presented.

6.2. The tightness of the walls of chimneys and flue ducts should ensure that smoke and gas combustion products do not penetrate into adjacent rooms, as well as into ventilation ducts.

6.3. Deviations of the stove masonry surface from the vertical should not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of height. Irregularities on the surface are allowed no more than 5 mm for stoves and pipes without lining and 2 mm for stoves lined with tiles.

Deviations from the accepted dimensions in terms of a stove, kitchen hearth or chimney should not exceed ± 0.4%.

6.4. During a test furnace, the draft, the tightness of the shutters or views, the heating of all walls of the oven, oven, hot plate, etc. should be checked. A test firing is performed after the oven has dried.

6.5. In the event that defects are found that impede the normal and safe operation of the furnaces, a defective statement is drawn up and a deadline for their elimination is assigned. Until the defects are completely eliminated, the operation of the furnace cannot be allowed.

Electronic text of the document
prepared by JSC "Kodeks" and verified by:

official publication

Moscow: State Publishing House
construction literature,
architecture and building materials, 1963

There are several reasons that lead to the repair of chimneys and ventilation:

Natural wear of channels - any material wears out sooner or later and it becomes necessary to replace it with a more modern and durable one.

Artificial reasons - start from the banal human factor, when, for example, the pipe was assembled incorrectly and significant mistakes were made in the installation, as well as low-quality materials were used or improper operation of the chimney and ventilation duct.

Regardless of the reasons that led to the failure of the channel, we recommend the following algorithm of actions:

Video survey of the channel

You can order this service from us on the chimney inspection page.

Or provide video and photo material. This procedure is necessary to identify a violation inside the duct, there may be foreign objects, pins or other sharp objects that can interfere with the repair and further functioning of the chimney or ventilation duct

The choice of a repair technologist. Variants

Sleeving with stainless steel chimneys... Channel sleeve without complete dismantling, renovation work to replace those parts of the pipe that are out of order. Thanks to own production we can produce any pipe diameters and shapes in the shortest possible time. For sleeving with a stainless pipe, it is necessary to select a pipe cross-section in accordance with the size of the channel. It can be a round pipe, ellipse or rectangular cross-section (box). It is possible to install the pipe both from above, lowering it into the channel, and from below.

Our installation specialists will offer the most cost-effective way to repair a canal with a minimum dismantling area.

Lining with polymer sleeve FuranFlex... Repair of the chimney and ventilation duct is possible without breaking the walls and dismantling. With the help of FuranFlex technology, the repair and restoration of the chimney is carried out in 1 day. Furanflex material has a 30-year warranty. The principle of canal restoration is simple, Furanflex is a single one-piece stocking, which is lowered into the existing canal and, under the influence of steam, takes the form of a canal. With a loss of a section of 2-3 mm, but due to the absolute gas tightness and smooth surface, the rate of gas exit increases. You can learn more about the technology of restoration of canals without breaking the walls on the page

Chimneys are subdivided by design and location:

• on wall chimneys - they are installed inside the main brick walls
• main chimneys - laid out in the form of a free-standing brick riser
• stacked chimneys - installed directly on the furnaces

If there are solid stone walls in the room, then the installation of internal wall chimneys is most convenient and economical, since they do not require additional building materials and are laid out simultaneously with the walls.

Primary requirements

For each stove, as a rule, a separate chimney or duct (hereinafter - chimney) should be provided. Since with the simultaneous heating of two stoves, the stove on the lower floor, with a stronger draft, will interrupt the upper one, preventing the free exit of smoke from it.

It is allowed to use a common chimney for two stoves installed on the same floor, provided that a cut is made in the form of a transverse wall between chimneys at a height of at least 75 cm. In this case, the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the common chimney channel must be at least 1x0.5 bricks.

In houses with stove heating not allowed:
a) device exhaust ventilation with artificial impulse, not compensated by the inflow with artificial impulse
b) smoke removal into ventilation ducts and installation of ventilation grilles on smoke ducts

Chimneys should be located in the inner walls of the building. Laying them in external walls is less economical and creates difficulties in operation. Passing through the chimneys in the outer wall, the gases give off part of the heat to the unheated room, and in the atmosphere, due to the low temperature of the ambient air, the gases cool excessively, which impairs draft. At the same time, resinous substances are released from the gases, which penetrate through the masonry and are deposited on the external structure of the house.

In the event of a forced location of the chimney stack in the outer wall, the chimney wall must be thickened. The thickening of the wall is performed in the form of pilasters (square or rectangular protrusions on the wall).

The minimum thickness of the masonry between the chimney and the outer surface of the wall is taken depending on the design temperature of the outside air:

• at t = -20 ° С and above - 38 cm (in 1.5 bricks)
• from t = -20 ° С to t = -30 ° С - 51 cm (in 2 bricks)
• from t = -30 ° С and below - 65 cm (2.5 bricks)

For laying the foundations of stoves, hearths and chimneys, the same materials are used as for the foundations of a house, for the main masonry of stoves, hearths, chimneys and channels in the walls - ordinary clay brick (corpulent).

If the walls are lined with silicate bricks, cinder blocks, etc., areas with smoke channels should be laid out of ordinary (full-bodied) clay red brick.

Chimneys (ducts) or chimneys for stoves

The height of chimneys located at a distance equal to or greater than the height of a solid structure protruding above the roof should be taken:

• not less than 500 mm - above a flat roof
• not less than 500 mm - above the roof ridge or parapet when the pipe is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet
• not lower than the ridge of the roof or parapet - when the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge or parapet
• not lower than a line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 to the horizon - when the chimney is located from the ridge at a distance of more than 3 m

It is allowed to connect two stoves to one pipe, located in one apartment on the same floor. Such placement can be allowed in exceptional cases, provided that the wall is insulated from the outside by thickening the masonry or protecting it with heat-insulating non-combustible materials (the method of insulation must be provided for by the project).

Then the distance between the outer surface of the walls and the nearest inner surface of the channel is taken to be at least 640 mm (2.5 bricks). When connecting pipes, it is necessary to provide for cuts with a thickness of 0.12 m and a height of at least 1 m from the bottom of the pipe connection.

When the chimney is located in the middle of the room, the walls are laid out 1/2 brick thick, and when located near a cold outer wall buildings - a whole brick. The thickness of the walls of chimneys or chimneys at the point of their abutment to metal or reinforced concrete beams should be taken as 130 mm.

The thickness of the walls of the ducts in the internal stone walls, as well as the thickness of the partitions (scatterers) between the smoke and ventilation ducts, must be at least 120 mm. Stoves, as a rule, should be placed against internal walls and partitions made of non-combustible materials, providing for their use for placing smoke channels.

Flue ducts may be placed in external walls made of non-combustible materials, insulated, if necessary, from the outside to exclude moisture condensation from the exhaust gases.

In the absence of walls in which smoke channels can be placed, stacked or main chimneys should be used to remove smoke. Chimneys should be made vertical without ledges made of clay bricks with walls at least 120 mm thick or heat-resistant concrete at least 60 mm thick, providing in their bases pockets 250 mm deep with holes for cleaning, closed by doors.

The inner surfaces of the chimneys should be smoother, without mortar leaks in the seams and carelessly laid bricks. The chimney must be free of slopes and turns.
It is allowed to accept deviations of round chimneys at an angle of up to 30 ° to the vertical, with an offset of not more than 1 m. Inclined sections should be smooth, of constant cross-section, with an area not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​vertical sections.

Experience shows that the cross-section of the chimney is from 1/10 to 1/12, and in more favorable cases, up to 1/15 of the size of the combustion opening in the light. In all cases, the cross-section of the chimney (if two stoves are connected to one pipe) must be at least 14x27 cm.

Brick chimneys

The cross-sectional area of ​​rectangular chimneys (smoke channels), depending on the thermal power of the furnace, according to SNiP 2.01.01-82, should be taken, not less than:

• 140x140 mm - with a heating power of the furnace up to 3.5 kW
• 140x200 mm - with a heating power of the furnace from 3.5 kW to 5.2 kW
• 140x270 mm - with a heating power of the furnace from 5.2 kW to 7 kW

The cross-sectional areas of channels in brick chimneys must be multiples of the width of the brick. The mouths of brick chimneys to a height of 0.2 m should be protected from atmospheric precipitation. The device of umbrellas, deflectors and other nozzles on brick chimneys is not allowed.

Round asbestos-cement, ceramic or metal chimneys

The cross-sectional area of ​​the round smoke ducts must be at least the area of ​​the indicated rectangular ducts. Metal chimneys must be removed from the combustible roof structures by 700 mm. At the same time, within the attic, the pipes are insulated with a layer of asbestos with a thickness of at least 3 mm and plastered over the mesh with cement mortar, and in the places of passage through the combustible roof, they are additionally equipped with special devices in the form of sandboxes.

Smoke outlets round pipes and ventilation ducts located next to them in the walls are performed with a slope of at least 60 ° to the horizon and laying (offset) of no more than 1 m.
a) the distance from the top of the branch pipe to the ceiling made of combustible materials must be at least 0.5 m in the absence of protection of the ceiling from fire and at least 0.4 m - in the presence of protection;
b) the distance from the bottom of the branch pipe to the floor made of combustible or hardly combustible materials must be at least 0.14 m.

The pipes should be made of non-combustible materials, providing a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours. and more. Often there is smoke from the furnace from blowing out the pipe mouth. strong wind... To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to check the condition of the wind protection device (deflector) above the head of the chimney, and if there is no device, install it.

For deflector options, see fig.

Chimneys on buildings with roofs made of combustible materials should be provided with spark arresters. For reasons fire safety a spark arrester in the form of a cap with a blank cover and a wire mesh on the sides with a cell size of no more than 3 mm is installed on the head.

You should be aware that weather vane and deflectors can be installed on round pipes for solid fuel stoves. When burning gas, they MUST NOT be installed, as water vapor condenses on them. This can cause ice formation.

For gasified furnaces, umbrellas of a simplified design are installed on the heads of round pipes. If the walls of the pipe are subsequently plastered or insulated with asbestos-cement slabs, then it is permissible to lay a head 1/2 brick thick.

Chimneys (channels) for fireplaces

The main difference between a fireplace and a stove is a much larger cross-section for air to enter the firebox, which is why large masses of air are sucked into the fireplace, which causes a decrease in the temperature in the flue (compared to stoves). Therefore, the traction force in the fireplace per 1 running meter of the flue height is less than in the stove.

To create a normal draft, the chimney height of the fireplace must be correspondingly higher than that of the stove. To ensure sufficient draft during operation, it is IMPORTANT that the flue gases are cooled to a minimum as they move through the chimney.

The cornice formed in the narrow section of the chimney (the so-called smoke tooth) plays an important role and has a dual purpose. During the heating process, it retains the cooled gases descending along the rear (colder) wall, not letting them into the combustion space, because this could cause the link to overturn.

Cold gases trapped by the cornice are caught by the stream of hotter gas flowing out of the narrow section of the chimney, which forms the front wall of the fireplace and the edge of the "tooth", and are carried out into the overlying chimney.

The second purpose of the cornice is to collect the soot deposits that fall out. In the immediate vicinity of the ledge, on the inside, a cleaning door is installed, through which the chimney is periodically cleaned. A damper is installed in the neck at the level of the chimney cornice to regulate the draft and disconnect the fireplace from the chimney. To reduce heat loss, the walls of the chimney of the fireplace must be of sufficient thickness.

The most harmful effect on the draft is exerted by atmospheric air leaks into the chimney through leaks in the masonry, as well as non-working stoves connected to a common chimney, i.e. the chimney must be separate from all other ducts. All leaks must be identified and eliminated.

The next condition for maintaining normal draft (without describing the hydraulic properties of the draft) is a chimney with a circular cross-section, followed by a square and, finally, rectangular. This is due to the fact that in right angles the movement of gases is difficult and, moreover, soot is often deposited in them.

Therefore, it is best to use asbestos-cement or ceramic pipes for the installation of chimneys. Chimneys, due to the difficulty of fitting to the chimney of the fireplace, are often laid out square.

Ventilation ducts

The thickness of the walls of the channels in the outer walls of buildings is taken taking into account the design temperature of the outside air. The height of the exhaust ventilation ducts located next to the chimneys should be taken equal to the height of these pipes.

The dimensions of the indentation (cutting) at the stoves and smoke channels.

An indent (cutting) is an air space between the outer surface of a stove, chimney or chimney, on the one hand, and a combustible wall, partition or other building structure, on the other. Leave an air gap (indentation) for the entire height of the stove or chimney.

When arranging grooves in ceilings, an independent upsetting of furnaces and pipes should be ensured. The bearing of the grooves on the structural elements of the floor is not allowed. The height of the groove should be greater than the thickness of the floor by the amount of possible settlement of the building and 70 mm above the layer of the combustible backfill.

Horizontal cuts in the overlap plane should be performed simultaneously with the main masonry.

The gaps between the overlap and the groove should be filled with asbestos-doped clay mortar.

For walls or partitions made of combustible and hardly combustible materials, a deviation should be taken in accordance with Table 1 (see below), and for prefabricated furnaces, it should be taken according to the manufacturer's documentation.

The dimensions of the indentation (cuts) of the furnaces and channels, taking into account the thickness of the furnace wall, should be taken equal to:

a) 500 mm - up to building structures made of combustible materials;
b) 380 mm - to a wall or partition made of non-combustible materials, adjacent at an angle to the front of the furnace and protected from fire from the floor to a level 250 mm above the top of the furnace door:

• plaster on a metal mesh - 25 mm thick
• or a metal sheet on asbestos cardboard - 8 mm thick.

The dimensions of the sections should be taken in accordance with the mandatory requirements for "deviations" given in table 1:

Table 1. Dimensions of sections according to SNiP 2.01.01-82

The groove should be 70 mm more than the thickness of the ceiling (ceiling). Do not support or rigidly connect the oven cut to the building structure. In the walls covering the indentation, holes should be provided above the floor and at the top with gratings with a free area each of at least 150 cm2.

The floor in a closed indentation should be made of non-combustible materials and placed 70 mm above the floor of the room.

The distance between the top of the furnace ceiling, made of three rows of bricks, should be taken:

with a ceiling made of combustible or hardly combustible materials, protected by plaster on a steel mesh or steel sheet on asbestos cardboard 10 mm thick:

• 250 mm - for furnaces with intermittent firing
• 700 mm - for long burning ovens

and with an unprotected ceiling:

• 350 mm - for furnaces with intermittent fire
• 1000 mm - for long burning ovens

For ovens with an overlap of two rows of bricks, the indicated distances should be increased by 1.5 times. The distance between the top of the metal furnace and the ceiling should be taken:

• with heat-insulated ceiling and protected ceiling - 800 mm
• with non-insulated ceiling and unprotected ceiling - 1200 mm

Vertical cuts of furnaces and pipes installed in the openings of combustible partitions are performed to the entire height of the furnace or pipe.

In the walls of the closed space above the stove, two openings with gratings should be provided at different levels, each having a free area of ​​at least 150 cm2. The indentation is left open or sealed on both sides with bricks or other non-combustible materials.

It is not allowed to tie the side walls of the closed retreat chamber with the main masonry of the furnace. The floor in the air gap is lined with bricks one row above the floor level of the room. The width of the indentation and the method of insulating walls and partitions in the indentations are taken in accordance with the data given in table 3:

Table 3. Types and sizes of indentations

The distances from the upper planes of the stove floors to the combustible (or protected from fire) ceilings of the premises must be at least as indicated in Table 4:

Table 4. Distances from the top of stove floors to combustible ceilings, mm

The gap between the top of the thick-walled furnace and the ceiling can be closed on all sides with brick walls. In this case, the thickness of the upper ceiling of the furnace must be at least 4 rows of brickwork, and the combustible ceiling must be protected from fire.

Chimneys and roof structures

Chimneys should be led out above the roof of higher buildings attached to a building with stove heating. The wall thickness of the chimney head above the roof must be at least the thickness of one brick.

The distance from the outer surfaces of the chimneys to the rafters, battens and other parts of the roof made of combustible and hardly combustible materials should be provided in the light:

• from brick or concrete chimneys - not less than 130 mm
• from ceramic pipes without insulation - 250 mm
• and with thermal insulation with resistance to heat transfer - 0.3 m2 x t ° C / W with non-combustible or slow-combustible materials - 130 mm

The space between chimneys and roof structures made of non-combustible and hardly combustible materials should be covered with non-combustible roofing materials... Gaps between ceilings, walls, partitions and cuts should be filled with non-combustible materials.

The space between the ceiling (in front of the roof) of the heat-intensive furnace and the ceiling made of combustible and hardly combustible materials is allowed to be closed from all sides with brick walls. At the same time, the thickness of the furnace ceiling should be increased to four rows of brickwork.