Breast milk viscous. As it forms, breast milk, its composition and beneficial properties looks. Perfect color and taste

The main goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the improvement of clinical protocols, for the maintenance of which will not be influenced, and where any common commercial interests will be affected, and only the most common medical problems will be considered, which may affect breastfeeding success. These protocols are instructions for the care of nursing mothers and newborns and are not the only true options for treatment or medical care standards. Depending on the needs of each particular patient, the recommendations can be applied in a particular embodiment.

Prehistory

Nursing mothers may unexpected to be separated with their babies, but more often women need to decline and save breast milk so that they can attend the planned events, diversify their lifestyle or return to work (or with a donor milk - approx.) . In these cases, the knowledge of the technique of proper complacing and storage of breast milk is very important for successful breastfeeding. One of the research has shown that in most cases the mother is properly stored milk, but at the same time 12% are heated by milk in microwave furnaces, and 17% of the bottles and nipples with water (without detergent - approx. Per.) 1, which It can reduce the biologically active properties of breast milk, as well as increase the risk of milk pollution. Another study showed that, although the knowledge of medical personnel working with newborn and the practice of collecting and storing breast milk is quite adequate, however, a discrepancy between the regulations associated with the storage, defrost and disposal procedures for the unused breast milk were noted. 2.

Breast milk is a fresh, "live" food containing a large amount of antioxidants, antibacterial, prebiotic, probiotic and imminate substances, along with nutrients. Despite the fact that some nutrients and protective properties of breast milk change during the storage process, there is enough data confirming that its storage is safe and allowed to provide the best power in the kid when feeding directly from the chest or plugging here and is not possible now. At the time when it is impossible to directly breastfeeding, the preserved milk has unique qualities, thanks to which it continues to comply with the "gold standards" for feeding a child, superior to artificial feeding.

Preparation of breast milk to storage

1. Wash. Before the process of polling milk, women should wash their hands with water with soap or apply with particularly stable pollution, the hand cleaner used without water. Dirty hands can convey viruses and bacteria, some of which can cause a different disease. Studies show that in breast milk containing a small amount of bacteria during complaining, the minimum growth of bacteria occurs during storage. In addition, in this milk, you can observe a higher protein content compared with milk, which contains an excess of bacteria. 3-5 additional handling of hands before pressureing is not required, as well as no need to wash breasts 6 (IIB) (quality of evidence [levels of evidence IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, AND IV] are based on the levels of evidence used for the National Guidelines Clearing House 7 and are indicated in parentheses.)

2. Manual stirring or stirring with breastsosos. Close the milk can be arms or with the help of breasts. There are many factors affecting the choice of breasts. These include the price, the performance of breastsosos, access to electricity, the estimated charting frequency and the need for long-term use, time limit, ease of use, etc. Appropriate measures to cleanse the hands and details of the breast pump should be used in accordance with the manual of the breast pump. Milk, enclosed with hands, and empty with milk pumps do not differ in purity. 8.9 (IIB, IV) There is no need to remove the first drops of breast milk before the main pressure. This milk is not more contaminated than that of milk, which is complied during the main session of the penalty. 7.

The data of one of the studies have shown that the milk collected at home contained a larger number of microorganisms than collected in the hospital, which was most likely due to the equipment used for its collection and transportation, but not with personal hygiene mother. 6 (IIB)

3. Select a storage container. Several studies were conducted, in which the suitability of containers from various materials for storing breast milk was evaluated. It was found that when using glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate or polyether sulfone bottles or packages, a significant decrease in the fat concentration is observed in percentage, and an increase in the content of common protein and carbohydrates. 10 Glass and polypropylene containers have a similar effect mainly on fat-soluble nutrients on the surface of the container 11, the content of immunoglobulin A 12 and the amount of viable white blood cells (leukocytes) in the saved milk. 12 The use of polypropylene containers correlates with a noticeable decline (60%) of immunoglobulin A 12 and the bactericidal properties of milk compared to heat-resistant tempered glass. 13 A significant reduction in cellular content and the viability of cells is associated with the use of steel containers compared with polypropylene containers 14 or glass. 15 (IIB)

Possible risk of milk pollution during storage in polypropylene packages due to plastic damage. 16 (iv) However, one study was conducted, which did not show the difference in infection with microorganisms and loss of fatty when using soft polypropylene containers compared to solid. 17 Thus, the plastic containers used to store it must be durable, well sealed and stored in a place where the risk of damaging the capacity is minimal. (IiB)

The use of containers with bisphenol A content should be avoided, which was found in some plastic containers (including children's bottles), based on the detected convincing evidence of its negative effect on the endocrine system. 18 Care should be taken regarding the use of bisphenol s containers, an alternative to bisphenol A, since it can also have harmful.

Breast milk should not be stored in specialized medical containers, such as, for example, which are used to collect urine or other organism fluids, since not enough evidence of their chemical safety and influence on the health of newborns is not available; 19 For storing breast milk, only food plastic containers should be used. (IV)

4. Care of containers. Containers for breast milk and parts of breastsos should be completely disassembled, washed into hot soapy water and washed or washed in a dishwasher 8 And should always be carefully dried in air or sucked with paper towels. 20 They do not require sterilization. In the absence of soap, it is preferable to use boiling water. (Iib) The use of chemical disinfectants is not an ideal dishwashing option. Disinfectants are quickly inactivated, and at the same time can subjected to a newborn unjustive risk to get milk from insufficiently processed containers and the probabilities of exposure to the residues of a chemical disinfectant for a child. 20 (IV)

Storage of breast milk

1. Freshly picked sophisticated chest milk It can be safely stored at room temperature (10-29C, 50-85F) for a while. Research offers different optimal time for storage at room temperature because conditions may differ significantly both, subject to purity in various indoor techniques and room temperature. At higher ambient temperatures, a faster increase in the number of bacteria occurs. In the temperature range from 27 C to 32 C (29c \u003d 85f), the allowable storage time of milk is 4 hours. 5,21,22 For very pure-free milk with a very low content of bacteria, may be permissible 6-8 hours at a lower temperature in the room, but it is best to freeze or put milk into the refrigerator as soon as possible if it is not supposed to use it during of this time. 4.23-25 \u200b\u200b(IIB)

2. Use of refreshments: In a very small number of studies, the storage of milk was studied at a temperature of 15 c (59 f), which is equivalent to storage in a small refrigeration chamber with refrigerated elements. In the study of Hamosh et al. 21 suggest that the storage of breast milk is safe at a temperature of 15 C for 24 hours. This is based on a minimum bacterial growth detected in milk samples in their studies. (IiB)

3. Cold storage: In several studies, it is proved that storage in the refrigerator is safe (4 C, 39.2 F), both as evaluating the indicators of the bactericidal activity of the fluid milk and the growth rate of bacteria. The bactericidal activity of breast milk during storage is significantly reduced after 48-72 hours. 26-28 Although, studies that studying the enclosed milk, collected in very pure low microbial pollution conditions showed low levels of growth in the number of bacteria for 72 hours 24 and even after 4-8 days of storage in the refrigerator. 3,4,29

In several studies, changes in milk were considered, which is stored in the refrigerator. One study showed that the lipid composition and lipase activity remain stable up to 96 hours of storage in the refrigerator. 30 Laktorrin levels do not change within 4-5 days. 31.32 The number of numerous immunological factors of colosure, such as IGA (immunoglobulin a), cytokines and growth factors not decreased within 48 hours. 33 (IIB)

4. Freezing of crown breast milk (-4c to -20C / 24.8F to -4F) is proved safe for use at least for 3 months. These studies suggest that the frostbed maternal milk, frozen at -20c (-4f), at least 6 weeks ago, has a similar composition of microorganisms of non-viability from the bacterial composition of fresh sickening milk. 34 Basic principles of freezing It is suggested that at temperatures -18c (0f) products are protected from bacterial contamination, although enzymatic processes can go, which can lead to qualitative changes to the product. 35.

The amount of fats, protein and calorie content in breast milk stored in a frozen state within 90 days, below compared to fresh breast milk. 36 The acidity of frozen milk is significantly increased during the first three months of storage. It seems that this is due to the ever-increasing lipase activity, due to which the content of free fatty acids in milk increases. 37 Based on the data of several studies with a very small sample, it can be assumed that the concentration of vitamin E in the frozen milk remains stable over time, while the concentrations of vitamin C are significantly reduced after 1-5 months of freezing. 38.39 A very small number of studies is devoted to how other vitamins and trace elements in breast milk under storage are in frozen state. 38-40

The number of bioactive breast milk factors decreases in the process of storing the frozen product very differently. Laktorrin levels and its biological activity are significantly reduced in the frozen at -20c milk after 3 months of storage. 13.31.32 However, the concentrations of some cytokines, Iga and growth factors from a colostrum during freezing at a temperature of -20c (-4f) remain stable at least for 6 months. 10.33 One of the studies in which breast milk was studied, which was stored in a frozen state of 9 months, detected a rapid decrease in pH and the number of bacteria, as well as an increase in the number of free fatty acids. The number of other macronutrients, immunoactive proteins and osmolarity indicators remained unchanged for all 9 months. 41 Frozen breast milk should be stored in the back of the freezer to prevent falling from the constantly opening door, and away from the walls in self-massive refrigerators. All milk containers should be reliably closed to prevent bacterial contamination. (IiB)

5. The smell of milk during storage: The smell of frozen or stored in the refrigerator of breast milk may differ from fresh, due to the decay of triglycerides under the action of lipase, as a result of which free fatty acids are formed. The smell appears when the oxidation of these fatty acids. 42.43 This lipolysis process performs an antibacterial function to protect the stored milk from the spread of bacteria. 44 There is no reason to assume that babies refuse to drink such milk due to its specific taste and smell. Many products that people eat in food, such as eggs, cheese, fish have an unpleasant smell that does not affect their taste. One study has demonstrated that breast milk, frozen at temperatures -80c (-112f) had smaller smell changes, compared with portions frozen at -19c. 43 Heat the milk to a temperature above 40C to deactivate lipase, it is not recommended because it can destroy numerous immunological factors of breast milk. (IiB)

6. Extension during freezing: When you fill in the container in breast milk, it is necessary to leave a little space for the expansion of milk during freezing. All containers should indicate the point of pressureing and the name of the child in the event that it will be used in children's institutions. A common practice in care for a child is the feeding of a baby at the rate of 60-120 ml (2-4 oz) of breast milk for one meal. Thus, the storage of milk by small portions of 15-60 ml will avoid the losses of the raised milk.

7. Mix milk: It just encoded breast milk should not be added to chilled or frozen portion to prevent the previously selected milk. It is best to cool fresh milk before adding it to a previously collected portion.

Using collected breast milk

1. Cleaning items for feeding. Containers and other items used to feed babies should be cleaned with the help of detergent and water and dry in air or dryly wipe with a paper towel before / after each use. If the child is healthy, there is no need to sterilize them. (IiB)

2. Use fresh milk first. Fresh breast milk has higher quality than frozen. Freshly milk contains an active, produced by the IGA mother's organism, antibodies that are characteristic of the infectious status of this particular Diand. 45 Freshly durable milk contains more antioxidants, vitamins, proteins, fats, probiotic bacteria compared to cooled in a refrigerator or frozen milk. 27,36,38,39 Fresh milk has a higher immunostable activity compared to chilled or frozen. 10,31,46 (IB)

3. Defrosting breast milk. There are several ways to defrost breast milk: you can put a container in the refrigerator for the night; or heat the hot water under the jet; Or omit to the container with hot water; Or use other sources of heat for this. Slow defrost in the refrigerator leads to a smaller loss of fats than defrosting in hot water. 47 (IIB)

4. Preheating of the raised milk. Most babies drink cool milk, room temperature milk or heated; It all depends on how to like your child more. The best way to warm up the raised milk to room temperature is to hold it in a container with warm water about 20 minutes (water temperature is about 40 C). Milk heating at least up to 37C will lead to fat melting, leading to a change in solid fats, which are formed at 4c in the refrigerator, and switching them into a liquid state. In such a state, fats are better able to settle on the walls of the container at a temperature of 37C than it was at 4C, and the fat content in milk decreases. In one of the studies, the heating of milk in cool water to 37c and anhydrous heating methods were compared. At the same time, there was no difference between them on the effect on the concentration of fats, protein, lactoferrin and secretory IGA. 44.

Milk room in hot water container (80C, which often happens in real life), led to the formation of a very high temperature in the portions of milk due to lack of mixing. 48 Milk overheating in the process of heating led to denaturation and inactivation of bioactive proteins and a decrease in fat concentration. (IiB)

5. Preheating in the microwave oven. Studies that studied the issue of breast milk defrost have shown that monitoring the temperature at defrosting in the microwave ovens is difficult, at the same time milk heats up unevenly. 49 and, although heating in the microwave ovens leads to a decrease in the number of bacteria, almost as well as pasteurization, it also significantly reduces the content of immunological factors, which reduces the overall value of breast milk for the baby. 50,51 (IIB)

6. Using a raised milk. When frozen milk is heated to room temperature, its ability to suppress bacterial growth is sharply reduced, especially within 24 hours after defrosting. 52 Freated more than a day ago Milk should not be left at room temperature for more than 2 hours. 44 (IIB)

7. Re-frost. At the moment, there are very few information about the raised milk, which was subjected to re-frost. The growth of microorganisms and the loss of antibacterial activity in a drop-hearted milk differ greatly depending on the method of defrosting, its duration, and the amount of bacteria in milk immediately after complaining. At the moment, it is impossible to give any recommendations for the re-freezing of breast milk.

8. The use of milk remaining after the previous feeding. When a child begins to eat milk, a certain amount of bacteria falls into the milk from the oral cavity. The duration of the storage of milk at room temperature when the baby has already drank from this cup or the bottle theoretically will depend on the initial bacterial generation of milk, from how long it is defined, ambient temperature. Until studies have been conducted to develop recommendations on this issue. However, based on the available data, it was still considered reasonable to get rid of milk residues 1-2 hours after the end of the child feeding. (Iv) to reduce the losses of the unseasoned milk, can store portions of different volumes, 15, 30, or 60 ml.

9. Processing. Enchant milk does not require special processing (except for ordinary precautions), such that are presented to other organism fluids, such as blood. It can be stored in the refrigerator at the mother's workplace, in the general freezer, where other workers store food. It must necessarily indicate the point of pressure and name. 53 (IV) Mothers may prefer to store milk in a separate freezer drawer or a separate freezer, separating this place from other products.

10. Infecting breast milk. Unpolluted breast milk contains usually non-pathogenic bacteria, 54.55 which are important for the formation of a newborn intestinal microflora. These bacteria probiotics - they create in the intestine unfavorable conditions for the growth of pathogenic microflora. 55 If the nipple or mother's chest is infected, or amazed by the thrush, there is no evidence that its milk is unsuitable for use. Breast milk viscous consistency, having an unpleasant smell or inclusion of pus, however, should not be used to feed the newborn (soap smell and taste are not a spoilness indicator, this milk can be eaten - approx. (IV)

Areas of further study

Data on some aspects of storing breast milk is not enough. Many studies are outdated, or their data is difficult to compare due to different methodologies. Studies differ in such key moments as milk fixing technique, cleanliness and types of containers, storage duration, defrosting methods and heating milk, temperature and storage type of samples, and methods of growing bacteria in samples. Large studies studying storing breast milk in various conditions for a long time. It is necessary to introduce the standards for assessing the quality of milk, such as methods of cultivation of microorganisms. At the same time, it would be ideal to have an international guide to storing breast milk, but this may be impossible, in the framework of one manual to consider unusual or special conditions characteristic of certain cultures.

Breast milk initially has pro-and prebiotic activity, which is the basis for the formation of an intestinal microbiome of a baby. Prebiotic non-chest milk components, such as oligosaccharides, ensure the growth of useful microorganisms in the intestine of the child. Probiotics of breast milk are symbiotic microgenicism. Due to the effects of cooling, frost, defrosting and heating on the bactericidal activity of breast milk, feeding the newborn milk, which has been stored, can have various effects on the health of the intestinal tract, in contrast to fresh milk, and this area needs to be learning in the future. Similarly, the change in the quality of the stored milk over time, which was demonstrated in various articles, which we referred to the compilation of this protocol. The effect of stored breast milk compared to the influence of fresh child's health should be studied additionally.

There are also no agreed criteria of breast milk, unsuitable for use. Some studies describe the level of microbial milk pollution for a certain time in the same storage conditions at the same temperature, usually describe it in colony-forming units per milliliter. And there is no accepted amount in which the milk should not be applied, although the figure 1 · 10 4 CFU / ml is proposed. Other studies are studying the bacterial activity of stored breast milk, which should reflect its immunological efficacy for the baby and the risk of possible bacterial contamination of milk during storage. The percentage of the loss of bactericidal activity, in which breast milk would be considered not suitable for use, is not defined. It should be developed to determine the quality of breast milk with the leadership, which milk is considered unsafe or low-quality, which would be a criterion for recycling stored milk.

At the moment there is only one study that has studied milk stored longer than 6 months. Only in a small number of research shows that after 3 months of storage in the frozen state, the number of some vitamins is reduced. Since the nutrition of some children is entirely based on frozen breast milk, you need to carry out additional research to prove that food is really safe for their health.

References are available in the original document.

Translation of the team "Milk Mom"

Original: ABM Clinical Protocol # 8: Human Milk Storage Information for Home Use for Full-Term Infants, Revised 2017 https://cloud.mail.ru/public/bvut/p3gb2ekez

Breast milk was extruded with antiquity, because the value of this product for a newborn is simply limitless. For the immature gastrointestinal tract of the child, such food is the key to elevated immunity, the complete digestibility of all nutrients, and therefore the timely development of the body. Scientific studies have long confirmed the importance of breastfeeding, but not all moms know the main properties and the composition of breast milk.

Properties of breast milk:

• First, breast milk increases the resistance of the body, and the substance included in its composition contribute to the normal development and growth of the child.
• Secondly, the breast milk for each mother is unique. At the same time, milk in different glands in one woman is also different.
• Thirdly, breastfeeding helps to establish close contact with the child, which affects the development of the psyche and strengthen the nervous system.
• Fourthly, the milk has a property to constantly change. From feeding to feeding, its composition will be completely different.

Why is the composition of milk?

There are several reasons for this:

• this is the food and lifestyle of the mother.
• this is a change in the season of the year.
• (Basic) - the need of a child.

Consider in more detail. If you take the average data, you can create a specific schedule for changing breast milk:

• Mososy - appears at the end of pregnancy and 3-4 days after childbirth.
• Transitional milk - appears on 4-5 days after childbirth.
• Mature milk - from 2-3 weeks of a newborn.
• Milk, according to the composition resembling thick colostrum - at the last stage of feeding before involution.

But do not forget that this is the average. So, for example, at the birth of a premature baby, the mother may have breast milk, according to the composition resembling colostrum within the first 2 weeks. This is due to the need of a newborn in a stronger immunity protection and the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Fatty of breast milk.

The main factors affecting the fat content of maternal milk are seasonal and daily feeding periods. Milk can also change during the feeding. After all, breast milk is divided into:

• "Front" - comes at the beginning;
• "Rear" - comes at the end of feeding and has a greater amount of fats.

Also, nutrition of a nursing woman can affect the fatty milk. But this does not mean that it is necessary to squeeze the calorie food. On the contrary, food must be balanced (vegetables, cereals, fish, dairy products, etc.). And no diets: rapid weight loss will damage not only the milk, but also the woman itself. In the period of feeding a week, it is possible to lose no more than 450. It should be eaten varied and in small portions. Do not cost to be afraid to consume a large amount of clean water. It is useful for both mother and baby.

It has a positive effect on increasing the fat content of milk and frequent applying to the chest. Working out the chest, the child provides themselves with a full-fledged nutrition even during the time of the forced mother's diet or with other adverse situations.

To understand how important is the right nutrition during the feeding period and how breast milk affects the child's development, it is necessary to study its composition.

The composition of female breast milk.

So, as we said earlier, breast milk is unique in composition not only in different periods of feeding, but also every mother. It consists of approximately 100 food and biologically active components.

The main components of breast milk are:

• proteins;
• fats;
• carbohydrates;
• water.

Proteins in breast milk. This is the main material for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, as well as the formation of immunity in a child. At each stage of feeding, the percentage of the protein changes:

• Colostrum - 4.2 - 16.2%;
• Transition milk - 1.9 - 3.2%;
• Mature milk - 0.9 - 1.8%.

As you grow, the need for protein in a child decreases, since a large amount of protein has a negative impact on the kidneys and metabolic processes. Therefore, nature itself took care of adjusting the protein content in breast milk.

Fats in breast milk. Fats, unlike proteins, have about the same percentage in mothers milk at different steps of feeding:

• Colostrum - 2.8 - 4.1%;
• Transition milk - 2.9 - 4.4%;
• Mature milk - 2.7 - 4.5%.

Fats - the main source of energy for the child's body. They have a positive effect on the development of the brain and strengthen the nervous system. The lack of fats leads to the "starvation" of the child, which leads to a slowdown in development, reduce growth, changes in skin cover. The digestibility of fats contained in breast milk reaches 90%, which covers 50% of energy needs.

Carbohydrates in breast milk. This is the second source of energy for the child's body. At different stages of feeding, the percentage of carbohydrates looks like this:

• Colostrum - 4.0 - 7.6%;
• Transition milk - 5.7 - 7.6%;
• Mature milk - 7.3 - 7.5%.

As the protein decreases, the proportion of carbohydrates increases. Carbohydrates are mainly represented by lactose (sugar), which contributes to the absorption of calcium and iron, stimulates the formation of intestinal lactobacilli, creates a medium harmful to "bad" bacteria.

Water in breast milk. Throughout the period of feeding, the milk includes approximately the same amount of water - 87 - 88%, which fully satisfies the need of a children's body in liquid.

The rest of the place in breast milk is occupied by vitamins and mineral salts, which also take part in the normal development of the child and contribute to its growth.

The main mistakes of breastfeeding mothers.

After examining the composition and properties of breast milk, it is possible to refute some versions, deeply laid in us:

First, it is dopping with water. Milk includes a sufficient amount of liquid for the development and cover of the child's needs. Making to drink unnecessary water, mothers reduce the amount of feedings, which means that the child does not affect the substances they need to be necessary in milk.

Secondly, the powered nutritious and protective substances in breast milk at each stage of the development of the child are balanced so much that artificial mixtures will never replace the mother's milk by 100%.

Thirdly, to increase the fatty milk, you do not need to use oily food and compose. It is often enough to apply to the chest and give the child there is an opportunity, even if it takes or more than half an hour. Mother's nutrition must be healthy and balanced.

Breastfeeding will help mothers feel their child, give him a full nutrition, to establish contact with him, which will contribute to its full development.

Breastfeeding baby sometimes brings the problem - stagnation of breast milk in the breast, or lactostasis. Answer the most important issues related to the reasons for its occurrence, permits and prevention, we asked Natalia Petrovna, a doctor of the obstetrician-gynecologist of the obstetric physiological (generic) branch of the Roddom number 1 of Vitebsk.

- What is usually the reason for the stagnation of milk?

The reason is errors in breastfeeding organization: incorrect poses for feeding, poor grip of a baby, the viscosity of milk (in the thirst), blockage of the duct, the edema of the breast during feeding.

-How understand - is it stagnant milk or mastitis?

In a nursing woman, three states cause alarm: heat, lactostasis and mastitis. The disease is only mastitis, the first two - bring discomfort, but are successfully resolved without medical intervention, in case the woman acts correctly.

Photos from www.razvitie-khrohi.ru

Burning is a gland overflow with milk, with a feeling of cutting, which occurs, if you do not attach a baby in time or not to start your chest or.

The state of the gland in which the milk does not move away at all or moves partially, so that one or more stakes do not empty. At the same time, the chest hurts, the hillock in the place of stagnation, the skin on the chest blues.

Mastitis is infection of the gland, severe and painful state with an elevated temperature, which requires immediate treatment under the control of the surgeon's doctor. Lactostasis, not allowed for 3-4 days, when penetrating bacteria into the gland through the nipple or from lymph nodes, can go to mastitis.

- So how to organize breastfeeding so that there is no stagnation?

Today, mammies teach the feeding regime on demand without induction. The kid should be applied as often as he wishes, for 10-30 minutes, offer breasts before bedtime and after sleep, and whenever he shows discontent. The plotting at the same time is not used at all, except when mom must be rewicing, and the child will be offered with a crown milk.

- In what poses it is better to feed the baby to the chest and what does the correct seizure of the breast of the baby look like?

Photos from www.prosto-mariya.ru

Signs of proper capture: a tongue can be seen, the sponges are turned outward, Areola (circle around the nipple) in the mouth, hear throats. Lactostasis is well eliminated when the baby is applied to the chin in the side of the tubercle, and it is necessary to alternate the glands, take comfortable relaxed with different positions: "cradle", from under the arms, lying the currency, sitting, lying under the bottom, lying on top of the chest. This technique is both lactation prevention, and its elimination.

- Are there harmful tips, how to keep breasts when feeding?

Sure! For example, in the maym of Mammies, it is taught to press a finger on the chest near the nose of the baby - so that the chest does not interfere with breathe. But such a pressing of the pits on the chest causes stagnation in the slicing of the gland.

- And what else can not be done to not provoke lactostasis?

Overwork, unsystemantly offering the baby with a nipple and a bottle, sinking a mixture to the chest, to make a night break, often give the child water, decrease without reasons (acceptable causes - a severe disease of the mother, medication).

- How to facilitate the condition at lactostasis? What can be done to solve the problem?

Photos from www.pequelia.republica.com

The most important way is to apply kid as often as possible. Sometimes it helps to inspect the nipple and find the outer blockage of the duct - white grain, and then try to care carefully to remove it. If the blockage inside, only sucking the baby is helping, sometimes breastsos. Before feeding, you can drink a few sips of warm drink and make a short warm chest shower. It also helps slight stroking from ribs to the nipple. Be sure to treat cracks on the nipple (some ointments), remove the swelling (also medicated).

- How about clinging and warming up?

Often, the stories about the magic hands of midwives, smoking the chest with tears of pain in moms - allegedly, and it is necessary. But the coarse massage has a heavy side effect - damage to the fractions and ducts, which sometimes rush from pressure, and more often swell, which worsens the situation. Warming enhances blood flow to the chest, and it comes with it and milk, which also wishes lactostasis.

- Is it possible to ask her husband to dissipate the blockage? So often advised in the people ...

To give my husband to suck sore chest instead of a baby can not. Sucking breasts husband does not cause an oxytocin tide, therefore, does not reveal the ducts, but leaves a million bacteria on the nipple, for example, staphylococcus.

You can not limit the drink to a tangible thirst, make alcohol compresses (camphor alcohol is often advised). It is categorically impossible to press the chest bandages, bandages, towel, disturbing blood flow.

- Many harmful tips come from doctors. Who to listen to?

It so happened that the surgeon would save your chest and advise to stop feeding, the pediatrician is to take care that the newborn does not hungry and insist on artificially mixtures, and only a doctor who firmly stands on the position of supporting breastfeeding, will fight with you to conserve lactation. It is necessary to search for a doctor who understands the importance of feeding.

In conclusion, I would like to once again note that breastfeeding is vital to the newborn, and therefore it is very important for every mother so that everything is in order. Under the power of each, and the problem of lactation with a competent approach is easily eliminated. Be healthy!

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The article is written for the magazine "My child"

The fat content of milk is what makes many nursing mothers. " What do I need to eat or do so that I have more fatty milk?"This question is one of the most frequent, which is asked for breastfeeding consultants. And for many, it becomes a complete surprise answer: nothing but the actual feeding kid.

Why are things so? Fats are very interesting. They are very diverse and important for the development of the baby, large families of fatty acids of breast milk provide good development, brain and all nerve fibers of a growing organism. At the same time, many of them are contained only in breast milk and non-refined artificially. On the overall fatness of milk Mamino nutrition does not affect! That is, if even mom is, her child will still get milk with quite sufficient for good growth with the number of fats. However, with poor nutrition, the profile of fatty acids may vary: they will not be as diverse - and although they will still be there an order of magnitude more than in the mixture, but some of the laid values \u200b\u200bof valuable functions in mom's milk on a diet can not appear in full least And the inverse situation, when mom tries to eat more fat to "improve milk", also does not have good development: the fats of breast milk do not increase in total mass, but they become more viscous (Kent et al., 2006; Agostoni et al., 2003 ). In practice, this means that it is often often eating on the advice of native cottage cheese with a sour cream or a large number of nuts, "so that the milk is better", moms: who became more viscous milk with difficulty leaves the chest and more inclined to be stated.

Another common point of view says that "the rear milk is better than the front." What is it about? Since fat itself is more dispossed than liquid, then at the beginning of feeding the child always gets milk more liquid, sweetest and less rich in fats: it simply easier flows out of the chest. As the baby sucks, fat molecules, which by the time of feeding were developed in the mammary gland, separated frommilk production cells enter the ducts andmilk is increasingly activeas a result, the latter, "rear" portions of milk may contain several times more fat than the front (this is what we see in the photo). And sometimes it happens that moms, heard about the benefits of the "rear" milk, seek to just get rid of the "front", believing that then the child will receive a fatal milk. But this is the same deadlock, as an attempt to adjust the fatty milk through a diet.

After all, there is no such crane in the chest, which turns, and then "water" ends and begins "cream". The fatty milk grows gradually throughout the feeding. Moreover, the total amount of fat, which is contained in the breast, will be the same: this milk fat is distributed on the total volume of milk, no matter how much it was not in his chest. For example, a child can eat 150 ml of milk, if it is now a lot of breast, or 70 ml of milk, if it is relatively few, and in both cases, it will get about 5 g of milk fat together with milk. This means that if the milk in mom in the chest is in principle a bit, then even the first portion of milk may be fatten than the last portions of milk in the mom, which has a lot of milk in the chest (Variation in Fat, Lactose, and Protein Composition in Breast Milk Over 24 Hours; SADAF KHAN ET AL 2012) .

So why not see the first portion of milk so that the child is further ate then the milk that is eager, do some moms think? In fact, that's what happens in this case:

A number of important vitamins and trace elements are primarily water-soluble vitamins - the child receives with the most first portions of milk. If my mother grows this portion, so as not to give the baby, then the child of these vitamins is not allowed.

Since the production of milk increases in response to breast stimulation, then an increase in milk generation will achieve constant pressure. And the chest very soon will simply begin to produce milk more on the portion that has been written. What happens with fatty? Let me remind you, it will remain the same, just distributed on a larger amount of milk. Previously, for example, 5 g fat were distributed per 100 ml of milk, and now the same 5 g of fat will be distributed to 120 ml of milk, of which 20 ml of mom complies ... Accordingly, the child will still get the milk at first, even more liquid than Previously, Mom will waste time and effort on additional pressure. Who needs it? The child from these additional plots does not become better, on the contrary - it will be due to this will receive not only less fat, but also less important vitamins. The mother itself is greatly complicated by life, because it is just breastfeeding or feeding and jammed - a huge difference. So does it make sense in these attempts to adjust the fat content of milk by some actions from mom?

In fact, breastfeeding is good, perfectly balanced by the nature itself. And so that everything was in order, in most cases it is enough to feed the child well-applied to the chest on the first requirement. Attempts to somehow affect this system from the outside rapidly give birth to opposition. And if the baby does not have any real problems, it is better not to disturb this system: your crumble will definitely get the amount of fats that he needs, and without attempts to adjust their mother's nutrition or indentation.

Breast milk is a unique baby food product. Today, not a single analogue corresponding to him fully invented, after all, its composition approved the nature itself. Only this food satisfies the needs of infant babies at 100%. The composition of the natural product has up to 500 necessary babies substances, many of them create artificially impossible. The mother's body begins to work on the creation of the food product even before coming to this world of a new person.

(Clickable)

The appearance of milk in the lactic glands of women is obliged to hormon prolactin, which is responsible for its allocation. The basis of breast milk - lymph and blood, where nutrients enter the organism, modified during the digestion.

Composition of breast milk

Milk for each woman is unique, like she herself, but the set of components of this product in all nursing mothers are the same. The composition of breast milk:

• Biologically active water (88%) - The main component, perfectly digested by the infant. If the kid is completely in breastfeeding, then it is not necessary to drink it with water;
• Carbohydrates (7%) presented in the form of lactose (milk sugar), accelerating the development of the brain and the nervous system, which contributes to the full absorption of iron and calcium and bifidum factor with antifungal and antibacterial effect, normalizing the intestinal operation;
• Fat. (4%) - source of the power of the baby: thanks to them, immunity is strengthened and a full-fledged CNS is formed. As part of fats - cholesterol (for producing vitamin D), bile and main hormones. The balance of fats and carbohydrates in maternal milk is ideal for a growing baby;
• Proteins (1%) - The basis of the growth of infants, rapidly gaining weight. In their composition, whey protein, taurine (for the development of the central nervous system and the brain), lactoferrin (iron source), nucleotides (building materials for DNA), lactase (for the splitting of lactose), lipase (for a complete absorption of fats);
• The remaining components (0,2%) - iron, vitamins, minerals, 20 types of hormones (growth factors), antibodies, leukocytes (protection of the immune system).

The quality of breast milk in a nursing mother is inconvenient, its composition may vary under the influence of many factors:

1. The time of day - the day is more dense than at night.
2. Weather - Liquid milk in the heat, in the cold - thick.
3. Mom's health - with a weakened immunite, the reception of drugs includes the other product.
4. The activity of the kid - first liquid milk (instead of water), with intense sucking it thick and fat.

Mother feeding twins, dairy food can be different in composition, because it must be adapted to the needs of each kid. The volume and quality of milk largely depends on the health of a nursing mother, full nutrition, sleep mode and recreation, taking drugs, bad habits (nicotine, alcohol).

It is important to know: the more often the child apply to the chest, the greater the priceless product is produced in it. It will be exactly as much as the baby needs, so it is necessary to feed it on the first requirement! We read about what kind of feeding method choose — .

Types of milk by age

• Colostrum - thick adhesive yellowish liquid is produced in small quantities in the first 4 days. Its composition is close to the blood serum - a significant amount of proteins, leukocytes, vitamins, immunoglobulin, salts. Promotes rapid adaptation of a newborn to a new power supply. Therefore, it is so important to apply a child to the chest in the first hours after childbirth. If the baby was born prematurely, Mamino Milk for 2 weeks close in composition to the colostrum, since this food is needed by croching during this period. On this topic: ;
• Transient milk It is produced in the first 2-3 weeks. In composition, it is more nutritious and less protein, adapted to growing organism and new products;
• Mature milk Appears from the third week. It is more fat and watery. Protein with age is less produced less, as part of mature milk - mostly fatty acids that are responsible for the normal brain performance. Normally, a woman is produced by mature breast milk to 1.5 liters per day.Distinguish front and rear mature milk:
  • Front - bluish and liquid - stands out in the first minutes of feeding, in its composition carbohydrates, salts and water, serves to quench thirst.
  • Rear - yellowish and thick - full-fledged baby food.

The benefits of breast milk

Breast milk is unique not only in its composition, but also by its properties. For the baby, food from mother's breast is active mental development, normal digestion, strengthening immunity, prevention of pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, allergies, atherosclerosis, diarrhea and many other dangerous diseases.

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Maternal milk is an excellent antidepressant for the very cormal. Here we are not talking about food, but the benefits of the processes of its formation and feeding, developing maternal instinct and tender feelings for the child.

According to Swedish scientists, Alfa Lactalbumin as part of breast milk is able to successfully combat 40 types of cancer.

Breastfeeding is capable of increasing the response of the immune system during vaccinations.

Milk forms kid protective forces, protecting against allergies, infection. The presence of stem cells in it provides regeneration and protection, as an antibody source, sustainable even to diseases that the baby could get from the mother.

The antibacterial properties of milk can be used to treat, instill an eye with conjunctivitis or healing of cracks on nipples in a nursing mother.

For the baby, breast milk is not just a meal, he is important to communicate with Mom himself: the opportunity to calm down, get rid of the ailments, fears, sleep sweetly.

In breast feeding you can see and economic benefits: Mother's milk is always useful, it is not necessary to cook, he has no shelf life. The priceless milk is free, for the family budget of a young family saving on the mixtures is essential.

Consultant NUK NUK Petro Fricketer: Why Mother Milk is the best food for my baby in the first months of his life?

Perfect color and taste

Many young mothers are concerned about the color and taste of their milk. The color, as already mentioned, depends on the fatty and feeding time: the front (liquid) is a bluish shade, the rear (thick and fat) is white or yellow.

The taste of milk will change depending on the mother's power. Salted, sharp, smoked products, alcohol, cigarettes, drugs are affected on it. A certain flavor appears depending on the emotional and physical condition of a nursing woman.

According to observations of scientists, the babies, which from the first days of life are in breastfeeding, grow strong, sociable, kind. At the older age, they have stress resistance. From the first days of the future mother, it is necessary to tune in to the fact that she must definitely feed her baby with breasts. Then the baby will always be fed and healthy, and Mom is calm and happy.

Links

Block links on breastfeeding:

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