Breast milk viscous. Consultations on breastfeeding. Interesting facts about breast milk

The first six months there is an intensive development of all organs and systems, adaptation to the outside world, so it is necessary to give a crumb to the maximum through food. No one else in the world created a mixture, which would be a complete analogue of maternal milk.

Our article will tell about the advantage of breastfeeding, the composition of female milk and convince you of preserving natural feeding and this natural product as long as possible.

Women's breasts are not only a beautiful woman's property, but also an organ that allows you to feed babies. This is due to the fact that the iron is divided into ducts and narrow channels. At the exit of the nipple, the ducts have extensions - Milky Sinuses.

And at the other end of these ducts there are cells that produce milk. Cells form groups - alveoli, which are a great set.

So, the woman will be pregnant, shelters the child long. At this time, complex processes occur in the brain, thanks to which prolactin begins to be produced. This hormone is thrown into the blood after the birth of the baby.

The second assistant in the release of milk is a hormone oxytocin. It expands the Milky Sinuses, and when capturing the nipple of the mouth, the baby milk is freely moving along the channels and easily leaves the chest. Only the coordinated work of these two hormones will give the opportunity to relax and proper breastfeeding.

Scientists have proven that the milk has a woman in the head. This means that if a woman has a great desire to breastfeed, her body mobilizes all the strength and opportunities for the formation of milk. But if a woman does not want this, then, most likely, her milk will be in insufficient quantity.

Milk is formed in lactic glands with special cells. This process in the norm should occur in women only during pregnancy and after childbirth.

The signals from the brain stimulate the production of hormone - prolactin, which, in turn, ensures milk production. Even before childbirth, a woman can notice the selection of dairy glasses - colosure.

Mosomer has the following properties:

• non-fat
• high-calorie
• with high content of trace elements and vitamins,
• saturated proteins.

In our country, early applying to the chest in Rodzalee is welcomed. This is necessary in order to stimulate lactation at mom. Mososy helps to donate "health seeds" in croching, and also stimulates a sucking reflex.

The colostrum is formed in small quantities. And the first day after birth, the baby very often can be applied to the chest and literally "hang" on it. Early milk is an "helper" in the formation of a healthy infant digestive path. It has a very powerful immunostimulating effect.

The colostrum is not too fat in composition and is easily digested, which is so necessary for the first days of life the infants. The volume of the stomach of a newborn no more teaspoon, therefore nature is so conceived so as not to overload the digestive tract.

Transient milk

It begins to produce 3 to 4 days after childbirth and produced about a week, until the next transition to mature milk. Difference from the colostrum is greater fatty, greater volume.

The composition changes - the content of protein, sodium, potassium is reduced. The fat and carbohydrate component increases.

This natural product is divided into:

• front
• rear.

The body of women produces one breast milk, and in the breast it is already subdivided into two types. During the tide (the arrival of milk) it is in the chest, and more fatty milk (rear) remains in the ducts. Accordingly, the more liquid (front) reaches closer to the nipple.

By chemical and vitamin composition, front and rear milk are similar. They are distinguished by only the amount of fats, and hence caloric content, saturation.

The front milk is created to quench the thirst for a child. It stands out at the beginning of the act of sucking. It has a more liquid consistency and blue color. It is produced in small quantities.

The rear milk is the main power source. In order to get it, the baby needs to make an effort at sucking.

Therefore, during one feed, try to give one breast. If the baby leaves her early, do not hurry, offer again.

The rear milk is more calorie and contains the most fats, so the children love to fall asleep, sucking her mother's chest. The rear milk has all the necessary useful substances that we will talk about later.

Useful properties of breast milk

• balanced composition for fats, proteins and carbohydrates;
• the main power supply and drinking breast child;
• prevention of allergic reactions;
• milk can fight cancer cells.

  Scientists from Sweden proved that albumin in milk is capable of winning about 40 types of cancer tumors;

• normal work and strengthening the immune system. Since the composition of many protective antibodies is a good prevention of infectious diseases. The presence of stem cells in milk makes a kid resistant to diseases;
• facilitates the adaptation of the baby's digestive system;
• intensive brain development due to sugars lactose and complex proteins;
• children on breast milk less often suffer from gastric diseases.

Pluses of natural feeding

• mother, nursing their children, feel a sense of satisfaction with maternity, as they give them what no one can give them;
• saving time. You do not need to boil bottles, nipples, get up at night and warm the mixture. Also convenient for long trips. All you need is your chest;
• with sucking, the baby in mom is produced by a hormone oxytocin, which reduces the level of stress;
• communication and close contact with mom. Feeding for the kid is an extra opportunity to stay with my mother alone, enjoy its smell, care, warmth;
• training to the taste of the child. The more you will eat diverse, but useful and hypoallergenic products, the more often the taste of milk will change. So the crumble through the milk will learn new taste.

Komarovsky: "After childbirth, a hormone is produced at oxytocin, which helps to reduce the uterus, which, in turn, leads to a rapid restoration of internal organs."

What is the immune protection of female milk?

1. Immune cells - lymphocytes, macrophages.
2. Immunoglobulin class A. This is the protection of the mucous membrane from malicious agents. It remains active in the stomach of the child, protects its mucous membrane.

   The child per day with milk receives a full-grade of immunoglobulin, and this is 50 times the above that patients with immunodeficiency in injections are obtained.

3. Lysozyme. And its concentration becomes more in the second year of lactation.
4. Bifidobacteria.

In the composition of breast milk about 500 different components.

According to WHO, milk carries value for the child The first 2 years of life.

1. The main component is water. In milk it is about 90%. It helps to avoid dehydration of the children's body.
2. Protein in a quantitative ratio of about one percent, one of the most important components for the normal growth of the body. Provides the development of muscle, circulatory and nervous system.

   With an increase in the "age" of milk, proteins tend to reduce. This is due to the fact that the growth rate of the kid after a year is more dependent on ordinary food. The need for breast milk is reduced.

3. Fats. There are 4% in small quantities, as the newborn is very difficult to absorb fatty milk.

Carbohydrates - about 7%. Lactose is the substance necessary for the development of normal intestinal microflora. Promotes the destruction of pathogenic flora.

The main goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the improvement of clinical protocols, for the maintenance of which will not be influenced, and where any common commercial interests will be affected, and only the most common medical problems will be considered, which may affect breastfeeding success. These protocols are instructions for the care of nursing mothers and newborns and are not the only true options for treatment or medical care standards. Depending on the needs of each particular patient, the recommendations can be applied in a particular embodiment.

Prehistory

Nursing mothers may unexpected to be separated with their babies, but more often women need to decline and save breast milk so that they can attend the planned events, diversify their lifestyle or return to work (or with a donor milk - approx.) . In these cases, the knowledge of the technique of proper complacing and storage of breast milk is very important for successful breastfeeding. One of the research has shown that in most cases the mother is properly stored milk, but at the same time 12% are heated by milk in microwave furnaces, and 17% of the bottles and nipples with water (without detergent - approx. Per.) 1, which It can reduce the biologically active properties of breast milk, as well as increase the risk of milk pollution. Another study showed that, although the knowledge of medical personnel working with newborn and the practice of collecting and storing breast milk is quite adequate, however, a discrepancy between the regulations associated with the storage, defrost and disposal procedures for the unused breast milk were noted. 2.

Breast milk is a fresh, "live" food containing a large amount of antioxidants, antibacterial, prebiotic, probiotic and imminate substances, along with nutrients. Despite the fact that some nutrients and protective properties of breast milk change during the storage process, there is enough data confirming that its storage is safe and allowed to provide the best power in the kid when feeding directly from the chest or plugging here and is not possible now. At the time when it is impossible to directly breastfeeding, the preserved milk has unique qualities, thanks to which it continues to comply with the "gold standards" for feeding a child, superior to artificial feeding.

Preparation of breast milk to storage

1. Wash. Before the process of polling milk, women should wash their hands with water with soap or apply with particularly stable pollution, the hand cleaner used without water. Dirty hands can convey viruses and bacteria, some of which can cause a different disease. Studies show that in breast milk containing a small amount of bacteria during complaining, the minimum growth of bacteria occurs during storage. In addition, in this milk, you can observe a higher protein content compared with milk, which contains an excess of bacteria. 3-5 additional handling of hands before pressureing is not required, as well as no need to wash breasts 6 (IIB) (quality of evidence [levels of evidence IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, AND IV] are based on the levels of evidence used for the National Guidelines Clearing House 7 and are indicated in parentheses.)

2. Manual stirring or stirring with breastsosos. Close the milk can be arms or with the help of breasts. There are many factors affecting the choice of breasts. These include the price, the performance of breastsosos, access to electricity, the estimated charting frequency and the need for long-term use, time limit, ease of use, etc. Appropriate measures to cleanse the hands and details of the breast pump should be used in accordance with the manual of the breast pump. Milk, enclosed with hands, and empty with milk pumps do not differ in purity. 8.9 (IIB, IV) There is no need to remove the first drops of breast milk before the main pressure. This milk is not more contaminated than that of milk, which is complied during the main session of the penalty. 7.

The data of one of the studies have shown that the milk collected at home contained a larger number of microorganisms than collected in the hospital, which was most likely due to the equipment used for its collection and transportation, but not with personal hygiene mother. 6 (IIB)

3. Select a storage container. Several studies were conducted, in which the suitability of containers from various materials for storing breast milk was evaluated. It was found that when using glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate or polyether sulfone bottles or packages, a significant decrease in the fat concentration is observed in percentage, and an increase in the content of common protein and carbohydrates. 10 Glass and polypropylene containers have a similar effect mainly on fat-soluble nutrients on the surface of the container 11, the content of immunoglobulin A 12 and the amount of viable white blood cells (leukocytes) in the saved milk. 12 The use of polypropylene containers correlates with a noticeable decline (60%) of immunoglobulin A 12 and the bactericidal properties of milk compared to heat-resistant tempered glass. 13 A significant reduction in cellular content and the viability of cells is associated with the use of steel containers compared with polypropylene containers 14 or glass. 15 (IIB)

Possible risk of milk pollution during storage in polypropylene packages due to plastic damage. 16 (iv) However, one study was conducted, which did not show the difference in infection with microorganisms and loss of fatty when using soft polypropylene containers compared to solid. 17 Thus, the plastic containers used to store it must be durable, well sealed and stored in a place where the risk of damaging the capacity is minimal. (IiB)

The use of containers with bisphenol A content should be avoided, which was found in some plastic containers (including children's bottles), based on the detected convincing evidence of its negative effect on the endocrine system. 18 Care should be taken regarding the use of bisphenol s containers, an alternative to bisphenol A, since it can also have harmful.

Breast milk should not be stored in specialized medical containers, such as, for example, which are used to collect urine or other organism fluids, since not enough evidence of their chemical safety and influence on the health of newborns is not available; 19 For storing breast milk, only food plastic containers should be used. (IV)

4. Care of containers. Containers for breast milk and parts of breastsos should be completely disassembled, washed into hot soapy water and washed or washed in a dishwasher 8 And should always be carefully dried in air or sucked with paper towels. 20 They do not require sterilization. In the absence of soap, it is preferable to use boiling water. (Iib) The use of chemical disinfectants is not an ideal dishwashing option. Disinfectants are quickly inactivated, and at the same time can subjected to a newborn unjustive risk to get milk from insufficiently processed containers and the probabilities of exposure to the residues of a chemical disinfectant for a child. 20 (IV)

Storage of breast milk

1. Freshly picked sophisticated chest milk It can be safely stored at room temperature (10-29C, 50-85F) for a while. Research offers different optimal time for storage at room temperature because conditions may differ significantly both, subject to purity in various indoor techniques and room temperature. At higher ambient temperatures, a faster increase in the number of bacteria occurs. In the temperature range from 27 C to 32 C (29c \u003d 85f), the allowable storage time of milk is 4 hours. 5,21,22 For very pure-free milk with a very low content of bacteria, may be permissible 6-8 hours at a lower temperature in the room, but it is best to freeze or put milk into the refrigerator as soon as possible if it is not supposed to use it during of this time. 4.23-25 \u200b\u200b(IIB)

2. Use of refreshments: In a very small number of studies, the storage of milk was studied at a temperature of 15 c (59 f), which is equivalent to storage in a small refrigeration chamber with refrigerated elements. In the study of Hamosh et al. 21 suggest that the storage of breast milk is safe at a temperature of 15 C for 24 hours. This is based on a minimum bacterial growth detected in milk samples in their studies. (IIB)

3. Cold storage: In several studies, it is proved that storage in the refrigerator is safe (4 C, 39.2 F), both as evaluating the indicators of the bactericidal activity of the fluid milk and the growth rate of bacteria. The bactericidal activity of breast milk during storage is significantly reduced after 48-72 hours. 26-28 Although, studies that studying the enclosed milk, collected in very pure low microbial pollution conditions showed low levels of growth in the number of bacteria for 72 hours 24 and even after 4-8 days of storage in the refrigerator. 3,4,29

In several studies, changes in milk were considered, which is stored in the refrigerator. One study showed that the lipid composition and lipase activity remain stable up to 96 hours of storage in the refrigerator. 30 Laktorrin levels do not change within 4-5 days. 31.32 The number of numerous immunological factors of colosure, such as IGA (immunoglobulin a), cytokines and growth factors not decreased within 48 hours. 33 (IIB)

4. Freezing of crown breast milk (-4c to -20C / 24.8F to -4F) is proved safe for use at least for 3 months. These studies suggest that the frostbed maternal milk, frozen at -20c (-4f), at least 6 weeks ago, has a similar composition of microorganisms of non-viability from the bacterial composition of fresh sickening milk. 34 Basic principles of freezing It is suggested that at temperatures -18c (0f) products are protected from bacterial contamination, although enzymatic processes can go, which can lead to qualitative changes to the product. 35.

The amount of fats, protein and calorie content in breast milk stored in a frozen state within 90 days, below compared to fresh breast milk. 36 The acidity of frozen milk is significantly increased during the first three months of storage. It seems that this is due to the ever-increasing lipase activity, due to which the content of free fatty acids in milk increases. 37 Based on the data of several studies with a very small sample, it can be assumed that the concentration of vitamin E in the frozen milk remains stable over time, while the concentrations of vitamin C are significantly reduced after 1-5 months of freezing. 38.39 A very small number of studies is devoted to how other vitamins and trace elements in breast milk under storage are in frozen state. 38-40

The number of bioactive breast milk factors decreases in the process of storing the frozen product very differently. Laktorrin levels and its biological activity are significantly reduced in the frozen at -20c milk after 3 months of storage. 13.31.32 However, the concentrations of some cytokines, Iga and growth factors from a colostrum during freezing at a temperature of -20c (-4f) remain stable at least for 6 months. 10.33 One of the studies in which breast milk was studied, which was stored in a frozen state of 9 months, detected a rapid decrease in pH and the number of bacteria, as well as an increase in the number of free fatty acids. The number of other macronutrients, immunoactive proteins and osmolarity indicators remained unchanged for all 9 months. 41 Frozen breast milk should be stored in the back of the freezer to prevent falling from the constantly opening door, and away from the walls in self-massive refrigerators. All milk containers should be reliably closed to prevent bacterial contamination. (IiB)

5. The smell of milk during storage: The smell of frozen or stored in the refrigerator of breast milk may differ from fresh, due to the decay of triglycerides under the action of lipase, as a result of which free fatty acids are formed. The smell appears when the oxidation of these fatty acids. 42.43 This lipolysis process performs an antibacterial function to protect the stored milk from the spread of bacteria. 44 There is no reason to assume that babies refuse to drink such milk due to its specific taste and smell. Many products that people eat in food, such as eggs, cheese, fish have an unpleasant smell that does not affect their taste. One study has demonstrated that breast milk, frozen at temperatures -80c (-112f) had smaller smell changes, compared with portions frozen at -19c. 43 Heat the milk to a temperature above 40C to deactivate lipase, it is not recommended because it can destroy numerous immunological factors of breast milk. (IiB)

6. Extension during freezing: When you fill in the container in breast milk, it is necessary to leave a little space for the expansion of milk during freezing. All containers should indicate the point of pressureing and the name of the child in the event that it will be used in children's institutions. A common practice in care for a child is the feeding of a baby at the rate of 60-120 ml (2-4 oz) of breast milk for one meal. Thus, the storage of milk by small portions of 15-60 ml will avoid the losses of the raised milk.

7. Mix milk: It just encoded breast milk should not be added to chilled or frozen portion to prevent the previously selected milk. It is best to cool fresh milk before adding it to a previously collected portion.

Using collected breast milk

1. Cleaning items for feeding. Containers and other items used to feed babies should be cleaned with the help of detergent and water and dry in air or dryly wipe with a paper towel before / after each use. If the child is healthy, there is no need to sterilize them. (IiB)

2. Use fresh milk first. Fresh breast milk has higher quality than frozen. Freshly milk contains an active, produced by the IGA mother's organism, antibodies that are characteristic of the infectious status of this particular Diand. 45 Freshly durable milk contains more antioxidants, vitamins, proteins, fats, probiotic bacteria compared to cooled in a refrigerator or frozen milk. 27,36,38,39 Fresh milk has a higher immunostable activity compared to chilled or frozen. 10,31,46 (IB)

3. Defrosting breast milk. There are several ways to defrost breast milk: you can put a container in the refrigerator for the night; or heat the hot water under the jet; Or omit to the container with hot water; Or use other sources of heat for this. Slow defrost in the refrigerator leads to a smaller loss of fats than defrosting in hot water. 47 (IIB)

4. Preheating of the raised milk. Most babies drink cool milk, room temperature milk or heated; It all depends on how to like your child more. The best way to warm up the raised milk to room temperature is to hold it in a container with warm water about 20 minutes (water temperature is about 40 C). Milk heating at least up to 37C will lead to fat melting, leading to a change in solid fats, which are formed at 4c in the refrigerator, and switching them into a liquid state. In such a state, fats are better able to settle on the walls of the container at a temperature of 37C than it was at 4C, and the fat content in milk decreases. In one of the studies, the heating of milk in cool water to 37c and anhydrous heating methods were compared. At the same time, there was no difference between them on the effect on the concentration of fats, protein, lactoferrin and secretory IGA. 44.

Milk room in hot water container (80C, which often happens in real life), led to the formation of a very high temperature in the portions of milk due to lack of mixing. 48 Milk overheating in the process of heating led to denaturation and inactivation of bioactive proteins and a decrease in fat concentration. (IiB)

5. Preheating in the microwave oven. Studies that studied the issue of breast milk defrost have shown that monitoring the temperature at defrosting in the microwave ovens is difficult, at the same time milk heats up unevenly. 49 and, although heating in the microwave ovens leads to a decrease in the number of bacteria, almost as well as pasteurization, it also significantly reduces the content of immunological factors, which reduces the overall value of breast milk for the baby. 50,51 (IIB)

6. Using a raised milk. When frozen milk is heated to room temperature, its ability to suppress bacterial growth is sharply reduced, especially within 24 hours after defrosting. 52 Freated more than a day ago Milk should not be left at room temperature for more than 2 hours. 44 (IIB)

7. Re-frost. At the moment, there are very few information about the raised milk, which was subjected to re-frost. The growth of microorganisms and the loss of antibacterial activity in a drop-hearted milk differ greatly depending on the method of defrosting, its duration, and the amount of bacteria in milk immediately after complaining. At the moment, it is impossible to give any recommendations for the re-freezing of breast milk.

8. The use of milk remaining after the previous feeding. When a child begins to eat milk, a certain amount of bacteria falls into the milk from the oral cavity. The duration of the storage of milk at room temperature when the baby has already drank from this cup or the bottle theoretically will depend on the initial bacterial generation of milk, from how long it is defined, ambient temperature. Until studies have been conducted to develop recommendations on this issue. However, based on the available data, it was still considered reasonable to get rid of milk residues 1-2 hours after the end of the child feeding. (Iv) to reduce the losses of the unseasoned milk, can store portions of different volumes, 15, 30, or 60 ml.

9. Processing. Enchant milk does not require special processing (except for ordinary precautions), such that are presented to other organism fluids, such as blood. It can be stored in the refrigerator at the mother's workplace, in the general freezer, where other workers store food. It must necessarily indicate the point of pressure and name. 53 (IV) Mothers may prefer to store milk in a separate freezer drawer or a separate freezer, separating this place from other products.

10. Infecting breast milk. Unpolluted breast milk contains usually non-pathogenic bacteria, 54.55 which are important for the formation of a newborn intestinal microflora. These bacteria probiotics - they create in the intestine unfavorable conditions for the growth of pathogenic microflora. 55 If the nipple or mother's chest is infected, or amazed by the thrush, there is no evidence that its milk is unsuitable for use. Breast milk viscous consistency, having an unpleasant smell or inclusion of pus, however, should not be used to feed the newborn (soap smell and taste are not a spoilness indicator, this milk can be eaten - approx. (IV)

Areas of further study

Data on some aspects of storing breast milk is not enough. Many studies are outdated, or their data is difficult to compare due to different methodologies. Studies differ in such key moments as milk fixing technique, cleanliness and types of containers, storage duration, defrosting methods and heating milk, temperature and storage type of samples, and methods of growing bacteria in samples. Large studies studying storing breast milk in various conditions for a long time. It is necessary to introduce the standards for assessing the quality of milk, such as methods of cultivation of microorganisms. At the same time, it would be ideal to have an international guide to storing breast milk, but this may be impossible, in the framework of one manual to consider unusual or special conditions characteristic of certain cultures.

Breast milk initially has pro-and prebiotic activity, which is the basis for the formation of an intestinal microbiome of a baby. Prebiotic non-chest milk components, such as oligosaccharides, ensure the growth of useful microorganisms in the intestine of the child. Probiotics of breast milk are symbiotic microgenicism. Due to the effects of cooling, frost, defrosting and heating on the bactericidal activity of breast milk, feeding the newborn milk, which has been stored, can have various effects on the health of the intestinal tract, in contrast to fresh milk, and this area needs to be learning in the future. Similarly, the change in the quality of the stored milk over time, which was demonstrated in various articles, which we referred to the compilation of this protocol. The effect of stored breast milk compared to the influence of fresh child's health should be studied additionally.

There are also no agreed criteria of breast milk, unsuitable for use. Some studies describe the level of microbial milk pollution for a certain time in the same storage conditions at the same temperature, usually describe it in colony-forming units per milliliter. And there is no accepted amount in which the milk should not be applied, although the figure 1 · 10 4 CFU / ml is proposed. Other studies are studying the bacterial activity of stored breast milk, which should reflect its immunological efficacy for the baby and the risk of possible bacterial contamination of milk during storage. The percentage of the loss of bactericidal activity, in which breast milk would be considered not suitable for use, is not defined. It should be developed to determine the quality of breast milk with the leadership, which milk is considered unsafe or low-quality, which would be a criterion for recycling stored milk.

At the moment there is only one study that has studied milk stored longer than 6 months. Only in a small number of research shows that after 3 months of storage in the frozen state, the number of some vitamins is reduced. Since the nutrition of some children is entirely based on frozen breast milk, you need to carry out additional research to prove that food is really safe for their health.

References are available in the original document.

Translation of the team "Milk Mom"

Original: ABM Clinical Protocol # 8: Human Milk Storage Information for Home Use for Full-Term Infants, Revised 2017 https://cloud.mail.ru/public/bvut/p3gb2ekez

Quite often among the problems that caused the child's too early, parents are called such: "Mamino Milk, unfortunately, did not fit the crude."
How justified such statements? After all, it is known that milk is just the same, absolutely perfect, ideal for the kids product that nature has created for them?

Precious colostrum

The very first "inappropriate" for nutrition is a liquid sometimes consider colostrum. Everyone knows that breast kids eat milk. And these yellowish transparent droplets, distinguished from the chest in the first days after childbirth, do not look like milk.
Mom worries that the baby is starving, waiting for the arrival of the present, "good" milk and begins to feed it from the first days. This leads to the fact that the chest from the very beginning is not stimulated enough, the milk in such a mother may come later than the prescribed period. And, most likely, milk in this case will immediately be not enough.

In fact, the colostrum is the most valuable product, ideal for a newborn. Experienced pediatricians say: "How many drops of a pole, a child sucked, so many bricks laid the future of good health and good immunity." The colostrum contains the highest concentration of immunobiological protection factors for the entire breastfeeding period. This is essential for the child, since in the first hours of life there is a bacterial dissection of the mucous membranes of respiratory and digestion organs. The concentration of immunoglobulin A in colostrum is particularly high, and during the next days it begins to decline (by 3-4-day tenfold). Obviously, in the evolution of man's milk nutrition, such a regularity was not accidental. It was the first hours of life of a newborn baby that is a critical period when the intensity occurs in the intensity population of the body by surrounding microorganisms and viruses. Thus, the colostrum provides equilibrium between the aggressive flora of the environment and the systems of immunity of the newborn.

Now let's imagine what microflora moves into the intestines of the child from the Romanov bottles and the nipples and it will be clear to us that in the first days it is better to exclude not only the discounts, but also to a luggage.
A child who gets prayer does not need to be resolved. The humidity of this product compared to the milk is not a sign of its "malfunction". It is this, thick and viscous consistency of the colostrum allows the body to correctly launch the work of digestive organs and the excretory system. Large fluid in the first days after birth can create too serious burdens.

Milk came

Transitional milk that comes to replace the colostrum, many disturbing mothers seem to taste bitterly. But it seems that the kids do not at all share their opinions. On the contrary, for 3-5 days, with the adaption of transition milk, they begin to suck the chest much more intense and are applied more often than in the first days after birth. Milk for this period is yellowish and pretty thick. After him, the mature milk looks slightly unlous. Blue, slightly transparent, standing a couple of hours in the refrigerator, it sometimes becomes even grayish in color and looks at all so dense consistency as the usual eye cow's milk.
And if at the same time the child adds badly in weight, restlessly behaves during feeding, then often parents begin to suspect that the mother's empty, low-fat milk, and they simply do not eat. Unfortunately, it happens that those surrounding instead of supporting and reassuring a young inexperienced motley in this difficult period, begin to advise the discounts of the milk mixture. "You look, you have a completely blue milk, in it there is nothing! Do not flutter the child, as follows from the bottle, let even sleep normally for several hours. "
And the child, as if confirming these words, immersed after feeding with a mixture in a long, heavy sleep. The mixture is digested much longer and harder than women's milk. A child who falls asleep for a long time, applied to the chest much less often than it is required to maintain normal lactation, and the milk at mom becomes less and less.

Staphylococcus?

In all the cases described, unreasonable doctors are introduced mainly due to the inexperience of parents, due to the lack of information about how normal milk looks like and how normal, successful breastfeeding occurs. But there are situations where those or other deviations in the composition of milk identifies a medical research. For example, in the milk in a nursing mother, staphylococcus detects. We will not argue with the analyzes, and the distressed parents often fall on the advice of physicians to urgently overcome crumbling from the chest.
A competent pediatrician in a similar case is unlikely to give a recommendation to stop breastfeeding. After all, treatment is usually required and mom and baby at the same time, and it will be more successful if the child will continue to eat breast milk.
The fact is that in recent years has been established in the female milk of the resistance factor (protection) in relation to parenteral infection. This factor ensures a high level of protection against staphylococcal infection and has the ability to stimulate the production of antibodies. Therefore, in the case of the identification of staphylococcus, on the contrary, it is necessary to make every effort to continue to feed the child with breasts to full cure.

What ate mom?

It also happens that no medical problems have a child have been identified, but often the tummy hurts, dump the constipation. When the abdominal disorder happens in an adult, he tries to remember what an unfair-quality product could be eaten the day before. When the belly hurts in a breast baby, no options, - the only product that it feeds is Mamino Milk. The stomach hurts - it means that something is wrong with milk.

Recently, studies have appeared that explaining infant colic causes by no means associated with food and digestion of the baby. But such problems as increased gas formation, constipation, abdominal pain, are undoubtedly very closely related to mother-in-law. So maybe you can somehow "treat"?
First of all, mom stands after childbirth as soon as possible to bring your digestive tract into an ideal state. It is impossible to accurately list products that should be avoided by a nursing mom. Because for each woman, the list of these products will be individual. Carefully listen to the reaction of your body. If, for example, after a salad of cabbage, a real revolution begins in your abdomen, no doubt - after a while the child's tummy will respond as a negative reaction. If, after a moderate portion eaten a moderate portion of a quashed cabbage with a piece of rye bread (all these products, very useful for intestinal microflora), complete harmony and order is felt inside, - do not doubt, eat on health.
The fact is that cabbage, naturally, can not get from the stomach into milk. But the harmful substances formed during fermentation are absorbed from the intestine to blood, and from the lymph of the blood is straight to milk. This is precisely on them so negatively reacts the organism of the crumbs.

What do moms ask

Questions about the quality of milk who often ask parents calling on a hot breastfeeding line:

I had lactostasis. Now the chest was able to flourish, the temperature fell, but the milk became salty taste. Is it possible to give his child?
- There is nothing dangerous in such milk, but some sensitive children refuse to suck him. In this case, see the chest 1-2 times, until it ceases to stand out slightly yellowish color and viscous milk consistency. The usual, white milk, which will appear next, will have a familiar sweet taste.

I got sick, - cough, runny nose, temperature. In milk, probably the mass of microbes. Is it better to interrupt breastfeeding for a while so that the child does not get infected?
- Together with your milk, the kid receives antibodies that produces your body struggling with infection. Therefore, it is impossible to interrupt feeding in any case.

I drank medicine from headaches. I do not want it to fall to the child. What time can you feed?
- Read the annotations to the drug, after how long it is derived from the body. Usually it is 2-6 hours. If you are very much restless mom, in an hour after taking medication, you are completely chest completely.

I have a surgery. How many hours can you feed?
- 2 hours after local anesthesia and 12 hours after a common anesthesia.

Blood sometimes appears in my milk. Is it harmful for a child?
- You can feed the child with such milk, but it is necessary to turn to a specialist and eliminate the cause of blood appearance in milk. These are usually the cracks of the nipple or fragile vessels in the tissues of the breast.

In most cases, the problems in which parents immediately hurry to accuse milk are caused by completely different reasons. Desire, do not rush to deprive baby breastfeeding. Sometimes it is difficult to object to some assertive doctors, it is not easy to confront and remove authoritative relatives. Nevertheless, try to make every effort to insist on your own and fade up the best, the most suitable product for him - my mother's milk.

Tatyana Kondrashova,
Breastfeeding consultant
Mama City Center

There is also no single child who would need milk is the same as another baby. Milk all different! And, nevertheless, its components, its components, almost the same. So what is so useful in this motherhood milk? Why are all doctors, scientists, etc., in one voice repeat about the need for breastfeeding? For those moms who still do not know or doubt, as well as for those who know, but want to know even more, once again "Kangaroo" talks about the benefits of breast milk. We will look at the main components of this ancient food product and see how each of them affects your child.

Fat.

Of all the breast milk components are the most volatile ingredients. The content of fats in milk changes not only, respectively, the growth of crumbs, but even in the process of one feeding. At the beginning of feeding milk by poor fats. Gradually, the amount of fats increases, until finally, the baby will not get to the very "cream", - portions containing the largest amount of fats. It is thanks to this part of milk, the crumb is saturated and pleased to suck. If the baby just wants to drink, he will assign a few minutes and will be quite satisfied, and if the child wanted a normal, full dinner, he will suck for a long time and intensively.

Fats and brain

By the way, fats are actively involved in the development of the brain. Special fats, so-called essential fatty acids are part of the vital components of myelin - shells of nerve fibers that contribute to a faster passage of impulses. The role of these fatty acids is so great that if in the diet of their mother they are not enough, they begin to be produced by pectoral glands and come into the milk themselves.

Cholesterol

The next largest component of the Fat family is cholesterol. And you should not be afraid. After all, the fact that the harm to adult is not always harm to the baby. Like other fats, cholesterol contributes to the formation of the brain. Like other fat, cholesterol is involved in the development of major hormones, vitamin D and bile.

Many or few?

After 1-2 months, you will be intuitive that the child gets enough milk. It will become harder. However, in the first couple of weeks it is quite difficult to determine. There are some signs for which you can judge that the child gets enough milk.

1. A child who gets enough milk is usually changing 6-8 wet diapers on the day after the first 3 days of life. This suggests that the child does not threaten dehydration.
2. By changes in the chair, it is also possible to judge how much milk gets a baby. In the first week, the chair normally changes from viscous black to green and brown. When you have bold milk, the chair will yellow. If the feast of the child became grainy, like a yellow mustard, it means that your child gets a rather more calorie, fatty milk component. In the first two months, the baby, receiving the right amount of milk with a high fat content, usually has a chair at least 2-3 times a day, and he has a yellow color, a grain consistency. Since breast milk has a relaxing effect, some children can have a chair during or after each feeding.
3. If you feel the originalness of the breast to feeding, less comprehension after, and in breaks, milk flows - all these are signs of sufficient milk release. After a few months, the milk will cease to flow, even if there is a lot of it.
4. The way of sucking the crumb and how satisfied it looks, also indicator of the amount of milk sucking. If the kid sucks vigorously and you hear how he swallows milk, feel his arrival in the chest and see how it is satisfied after feeding, it means that your karapuz gets enough milk.
5. Addressing in weight is another indicator of sufficient food. After the initial weight loss during the first week (it usually leaves 5-8% of the initial weight, or about 170-280 g), children receiving enough food add on average 115-120 g per week during the first weeks, t .. 450-900 g per month during the first 6 months and about 450 g per month between six months and year. In the first six months, the child grows about 2.5 cm per month. The weight and growth of the kid to some extent depends on its physique.

Proteins

This is the basis for the growth of the body. Milk contains two main protein: whey protein and casein. The first is very easily absorbed by the intestine of a person. The second is involved in the drying of milk, so it is somewhat harder to digested by the intestine. Breast milk contains mainly whey protein, but the cow and some mixes contain mainly casein. Therefore, it is natural that the intestines of a small little man is suitable more suitable. It best absorbs breast milk proteins, quickly digesors them and does not output as inappropriate for himself.

In addition to serum protein, breast milk contains both: taurine (protein improves brain and nervous system) and lactoferrine. The latter transports the required amount of iron from milk to the child's blood. And also, this special protein controls the content of bacteria in the intestine of the child. In the lower intestine, there are always useful and harmful bacteria. Useful bacteria justify their living in the intestine in many ways, for example produce vitamins. Harmful bacteria, if not to restrain their development, can multiply so that they will cause diarrhea. In addition to suppressing harmful bacteria, lactoferrin prevents the development of various kinds of fungi producing toxins.

Vitamins, mineral salts and iron

These substances are unique in their high biological value. But remember that food makes a qualitative not a large number of nutrients contained in it, but a high percentage of absorption by their intestines with a subsequent transition to blood. Vitamins, mineral salts and iron breast milk are distinguished by high biological value. Most of these highly efficient substances from your milk goes into a child's fabric. This and helps Karapuzu to grow well and develop correctly.

Powerful defense

By the way, breast milk also protects the crumb from any disease. So, at first, the feeder of his exclusively breast milk you kill two hares. First, provide Karapuzu satisfying food, and secondly, protect it. What is this in milk, which helps the small body to cope with infections.

Leukocytes

Each drop of your milk contains millions of tiny white blood cells - leukocytes, which circulate in the intestines and destroy harmful bacteria. In antiquity they were also called white blood. Especially many leukocytes in the intestine in the first weeks of life when the protective system of the child is still weak. As the immune system improves, the concentration of leukocytes in milk is gradually decreasing, but they are present at least 6 months after delivery. In addition to the destruction of infection, these precious cells, like blood, retain enzymes, which are growth factors, and proteins that fight with infection.

Immunoglobulins

In addition to leukocytes, breast milk also contains immunoglobulins - proteins that destroy the infection. They circulate throughout the body and destroy pathogenic microorganisms. In the first 6 months, the immune system of the child is still immature, there are few protective antibodies in it. Shortly after birth in the body, some antibodies are developed independently. But they are not enough in order for the child to be completely protected until 1 year.

To protect the child from causative agents of infection, the mother fills the insufficiency of his immune system in many ways. One of them is the transfer of antibodies through the placenta. But these immunoglobulins by 9 months are spent. As the number of antibodies decreases in the blood, the content of immunoglobulins in your milk increases. It completes the work that the blood has previously performed, protecting the child until its protective system is completely formed, and this process is completed by the end of the first year.

Advantages of breast feeding for mothers

1. Breastfeeding contributes to the preservation of a good figure sucking stimulates the production of oxytocin hormone, which causes contraction of the uterus, returning it to almost the previous state. Mom forms a child, a child returns her shape to her mother. Breastfeeding does not spoil the shape of the chest. This pregnancy changes its shape.
2. Breastfeeding contributes to relaxation and mother, and child. Watch for a nursing mother. Pay attention to which soft it becomes like a baby begins to peacefully fall asleep, as if he got a sleeping pill. Your milk contains a protein that causes a dream, which, together with the saturation factor already described, immerses it in a calm Drema. Hormones, released as a result of sucking, soothe mother. Such natural pacification is especially useful for children (and mothers) who fall asleep with difficulty. Here is an excellent example of mutual return when we follow the natural go of things.
3. Breastfeeding helps to keep health. In women, breastfeeding children, the breast cancer is less common, which is especially important if the family has a predisposition to this disease. And the last "for" - mercantile. The fact is that children on breastfeeding are generally healthier, which means smaller health costs. So we wish you to feed crumbling breasts. Croch will be healthier and money will need less.

Aliya Bismbayeva
Magazine "Kangaroo" № 29