Why lack of muscle activity is harmful to health. On the need for motor activity. Possible consequences and complications

"Movement - Life!" - This statement has been for many years, and it has not lost its relevance. And the newest studies only confirmed his rightness. Why requires motor activity than its disadvantage is dangerous and how to avoid many troubles - this will be discussed in the article.

Motion value

Proper load is necessary to ensure normal life. When muscles are included in the work, the body begins to highlight endorphins. Hormones of happiness remove the nervous tension and increase the tone. As a result, negative emotions disappear, and the level of efficiency, on the contrary, takes off.

When skeletal muscles are included in the work, the activation of redox processes is activated, all organs and human systems are "wake up" and are included in the activity. Maintaining the body in a tone is necessary to preserve health. It has been proven that the elderly people who regularly engage in sports are working better and correspond to the age standards of people who are 5-7 years younger.

Motor activity does not give to develop elder muscle atrophy. As a person becomes weak, noticed everyone who had to abide by the long strict bed regime. After 10 days of lying, it is very difficult to go to the previous level of health, since heart abbreviations decreases, which leads to the starvation of the entire body, the disorder of exchange processes, etc. The result becomes general weakness, including muscular.

The motor activity of preschoolers stimulates not only physical, but also mental development. Children who have been deprived of physical activity from small years, grow painful and weak.

Why modern people move less

This is due to lifestyle, which often dictates external conditions:

• Physical work is used more and less. The production of people replaces various mechanisms.
• More and more mental workers.
• There is a large number of devices in everyday life. For example, washing and dishwashers simplified work before pressing a pair of buttons.
• Wide use of various types of transport ousted hiking and cycling.
• Very low motor activity of children, since they prefer computer, and not moving games on the street.

On the one hand, the wide distribution of mechanisms has greatly facilitated a person's life. On the other hand, it also deprived people movement.

Hypodynamine and harm

Insufficient motion activity of a person is detrimental for the whole body. The body is designed for a large daily load. When it does not receive it, it begins to reduce the functions, reduce the amount of fibers and so on. So everything is "superfluous" (according to the body), i.e., what does not participate in the process of vital activity. As a result of muscle starvation, destructive changes occur. First of all in the cardiovascular system. The number of reserve vessels is reduced, the capillary network decreases. The blood supply to the whole body, including heart and brain deteriorates. The slightest thrombus can cause serious trouble for people leading a sedentary lifestyle. They do not develop a system of redundant blood circulation paths, so the blockage of one vessel "turns off" a large phase of nutrition. In people actively moving, the backup way of supply is rapidly promoted, so they are easily restored. Yes, and the thrombus appear much later and less often, since there is no stagnant in the body.

Muscular starvation can be more dangerous than vitaminosis or disadvantage. But the last organism reports quickly and intelligibly. The feeling of hunger is completely unpleasant. But the first one does not report anything, it may even cause pleasant feelings: the body rests, it is relaxed, it is comfortable. Insufficient motor activity of the body leads to the fact that the muscles are dragging already at 30 years.

Harm of long seating

Most of the modern work makes a person sit at 8-10 hours a day. It is very harmful to the body. Due to the permanent bent position, some muscle groups are overstrained, while others do not get any load. Therefore, office workers frequent problems with the spine. Constant phenomena in the bodies of the small pelvis are also occur, which is especially harmful to women, since it leads to violations in the work of the urogenital system. In addition, the muscles of the legs are atrophy, the capillary network is reduced. Heart and lungs start working less efficiently.

Positive influence of physical exertion

Due to the active muscular work, the overvoltage of individual organs and systems is removed. The gas exchange process is improved, blood circulates by vessels faster, and the heart works more efficiently. Also, motor activity soothes the nervous system, which increases the human performance.

It is proved that people leading an active lifestyle live longer and sick. In old age, they are bypassing by many dangerous diseases, for example, atherosclerosis, ischemia or hypertension. Yes, and the body itself flashes much later.

For whom it is especially important to move

Of course, for those who have small activity during the day. It is also necessary to move people, patients with atherosclerosis and hypertension. This is not necessary to be classes in the sports or gym. Quite simple hiking.

Invaluable benefit will bring the motor activity of mental workers. It activates the brain's work and removes psycho-emotional overvoltage. Many writers and philosophers argued that the best ideas come to them during walks. So, in ancient Greece, Aristotle even organized the school of Peripatetics. He walked with students, discussing ideas and philosophy. The scientist was confident that walking makes mental work more productive.

The motor activity of preschoolers should occupy parents, since it can provide the right and harmonious development of the child. With the baby you need to walk a lot and play moving games.

The most accessible type of motor activity

"I have no time to play sports" - such is the answer of most people when they are talking about a lack of physical work. However, it is not at all necessary to allocate for 2-3 hours daily at the exercise. You can provide yourself with the necessary "dose" with the help of walks. For example, if the work is 20 minutes walk, you can walk to it, and not go by bus 2-3 stops. Very useful walks before bedtime. Evening air will cleanse thoughts, will make it calm down, remove the daytime. Sleep will be strong and healthy.

When you need to walk

Do not go to the street immediately after eating. In this case, the digestion process will be difficult. It is necessary to wait 50-60 minutes to end the first phase.

You can create a mode of motor activity during the day. For example, a small walk in the morning to cheer up, then on a lunch break or after work. And evening, before bedtime. In this case, it will be enough to 10-15 minutes in each "occupancy."

If there is no determination or the force of the will to force yourself to go outside each time, then you can get a dog. It will have to walk with it, regardless of desire. Pets will help organize children's motor activity mode, especially if the latter prefer to spend all free time behind the lattice.

How to do it right

Despite the fact that walking is the usual case for everyone, there are some nuances here, which must be taken into account to get the maximum effect and benefit.

The step must be solid, spring, vigorous. Walking should actively engage the muscles of stop, leg and hips. Also, the work includes press and back. In total, to make one step, you need to use about 50 muscles. No need to do too wide steps, since it will lead to rapid fatigue. The distance between the legs should not exceed the length of the foot. You also need to follow posture: keep your back straight, straighten your shoulders. And in no case do not hurt. Breathing when walking should be smooth, deep, rhythmic.

Very important is the right organization of motor activity. Walking perfectly trains vessels, improves capillary and collateral blood circulation. Lightweight also begin to work more efficiently. This contributes to the saturation of blood oxygen. The body receives a sufficient amount of nutrients, which speeds up the metabolic processes in cells and tissues, stimulates the processes of digestion, improves the activities of internal organs. In the vessels there are backup blood from the liver and spleen.

Basic mistakes

When discomfort or pain, you need to stop, breathe,, if necessary, complete a walk.

Many people are convinced that only a big physical activity will give the result, but this is a big mistake. Moreover, it is impossible to make newbies without preparation. Motor activity development should occur gradually. All the more, you can not try to overcome discomfort and pain by improving the level of load.

The value of the morning charge

Another useful habit. But people continue to ignore the recommendations of the doctors. Morning gymnastics will not only turn away drowsiness. The benefit of it is much more. First of all, it allows you to "wake up" the nervous system and establish its functioning. Light exercises will lead the body into the tone and will quickly lead to the working condition.

Charging can be performed in the fresh air and finish with wiping or poultry. This will give an additional hardening effect. Also, the effects of water will help to get rid of the swelling and normalizes blood flow.

Easy exercises will raise the mood, the motion activity of a person will make him vigorous immediately after waking up. They also improve many physical qualities: strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and coordination. You can work out separate muscle groups or quality, including specialized exercises in the morning complex. The daily execution of exercises will always be in a tone, support the backup systems of the body, and also fill the deficit of physical work.

Right organization of motor activity

The optimal level of physical activity is individual. An excessive or insufficient level of activity will not give the health result and the benefit will not bring. It is very important to understand this to properly dispense the load.

There are several principles that will allow properly organize physical activity. All of them are used when building a training process. The main three:

• Graduality. An unprepared person needs to start with small loads. If you immediately try to try a lot of weight or run a large distance, you can make significant harm to your body. Improving motor activity should be smoothly.
• Sequence. Very multifaceted principle. First you need to know the foundations, or to work the database, or learn how to perform the exercises correctly, but only then go to the complex elements. If briefly, this is the principle "from simple to complex."
• Regularity and systematic. If you do a week, and then throw it a month, then there will be no effect. The body becomes stronger and rushing only under the condition of regular loads.

The trained organism can quickly adapt to changing conditions, include reserves, economically spend the forces, etc. And most importantly, it remains active, movable, and hence alive.

The value of motor activity is difficult to overestimate, since it is it that maintains the body in working condition, allows a person to feel good.

1.2. Muscle deficiency

Limiting muscle activity is one of the most important components of the symptoms of hypokinetic syndrome. A long change in the volume of muscle activity leads to a decrease in energy, a decrease in the bioenergy and the intensity of structural metabolism in the muscles, weakening the toning pulses from the muscles, to reduce the load on the bone system [Kovalenko E. A., Gurovsky N. N., 1980]. Proprioceptation from muscles in active activity is a powerful source supporting a permanent sufficient level of trophy of almost all organs and systems, including brain and higher endocrine regulation centers [Mogelanovich M. R., 1965]. Permanent muscle activity is vital not only for the normal function of most systems and organs, i.e., the effectors as such, but also the central nervous system. It is in the engine analyzer that all cortical afferentations are converged and convergered, not only propriceceptive, but also exteroilers and interoceptive. For the first time, L. I. Kakurin (1968) was first pointed to the appearance of moderate muscle pain in the back of the back at 20 daily hypocineisia (1968). They are also jointly E M. A. Cherepakhin (1968) a decrease in muscle tone was noted. V. S. Gurfinkel et al. (1968) was observed with 70-daily hypocine disruption of motor automatism (synergies), manifested in the disorder of such holistic acts, as standing and walking, and underlying in-nervance relations. It has been established that staying under hypocinezia leads to the development of atrophic changes in the muscles [Kozlovskaya I. B. et al., 1982; Christ is L. G., and others., 1986]. The supporting unloading factor is of great importance in the pathogenesis of motor disorders in hypokinesia. Decreased by this factor, the decrease in the influx of supporting irritations that play a leading role in the system of management of post-tonic reactions causes a decrease in the tone of "anti-gravity muscles" and, therefore, launches the chain of reactions characteristic of atonic syndrome [Christ's L. G., and others., 1986 . According to the same authors, after a 3-day stay under the conditions of immersion, the properties of the potentials of muscle fibers were significantly changed, which was expressed in reducing the rate of excitation. The leading role in the development of changes belongs to violations of the trophic effects resulting from a decrease in the afferent inflow in the conditions of supporting unloading, atony and the almost complete absence of motor activity.

In rats, when restricting motor activity, changes in metabolism [Ilyina-Kakueva E. I., Novikov V. E., 1985] were revealed. In the cambaloid muscle, the activity of flavine oxidative enzymes was changed, which was expressed in a significant increase in the activity of glycerophos-fatdehydrogenase and a significant decrease in the activity of the SC-cynat. The authors believe that the cause of increasing activity of gliderophosphate dehydrogenase is the need to dispose of lipids released by the mass decay of the membrane structures of muscle fibers exposed to atrophic and dystrophic processes. A significant decrease in the activity of cluschtdehydrogenase, which is one of the key enzymes of the cycle of tricarboxylic acids, and a slight change or no changes in the activity of other enzymes of this cycle indicate a violation in muscle fibers of the process of succinic acid. With the restriction of motor activity in the muscles, the content of glycogen [Blunter L. V., Yoganov V. S, Potapov A. N., 1970 was detected; Black A. V., 1975; Ilyina-Kakueva E. I., Portugalov V. V., 1981; Zipman R. L. et al., 1970].

According to V. S. Oganova (1985), in conditions of a long bed mode, the functionality of the muscles decreases, and the disorders of the movements observed after the relative inactivation of the muscular apparatus, to a certain extent, are determined by the adaptive functional atrophy of individual muscles or muscle groups.

Changes in the physiological properties of the skeletal muscles of man and animals when restricting motor activity are considered as a manifestation of the functional plasticity of skeletal muscles.

Under the conditions of antiodetostatic hypokinesia, a double decrease in the electromechanical efficacy of muscles was detected by a duration of up to 182 days [Oganov V. S, 1982; Rakhmanov A. S. et al., 1982]. The maximum strength of the foot flexion of the foot all over the study was lower than the source values. Hypotrophy and hypodynamics of parts of muscle fibers under these conditions lead to activation of an additional number of motor units to perform equivalent operation. This is accompanied by a disproportionate increase in the electroproducts of the muscles and, accordingly, indicates a decrease in the electromechanical efficacy of the muscle as a whole. In a later date of the experiment, the specific bioelectric activity of the muscles increases, which in the absence of a reliable synchronous reduction in force may reflect their increased fatigue. This is consistent with the data on the restructuring of human muscle metabolism in hypocinezia towards the activation of glycolysis processes against the background of the oppression of aerobic breathing [Kovalenko E. A., Gurov-Sky N. N., 1980].

Hypocinezia in rats lasting from 22 to 30 Soup is not accompanied by a noticeable reduction in muscle mass, with the exception of the shoulder muscle. On the contrary, it was detected by the flipping of the mass of the cambaloid muscle in relation to the mass of the body. After 22 days of hypokinesia, a tendency towards an increase in the average diameter of the fibers, isometric reduction and performance of muscle fibers, more noticeable in the cambaloid muscle and the medial head of the three-headed shoulder muscles; The tendency to reduce performance is marked in the shoulder muscle [Yoganov V. C, 1984]. In conditions that are commonly determined as hypocineesia, actually inactivating positions of muscles in rats, apparently, does not occur. There are data indicating an increase in animal motor activity as a manifestation of a stress reaction during the month of their stay in close cells [Gaevskaya M. S. et al., 1970]. During this period, rats have found signs of activation of the hypopicized system [Portugalov V. V., and others, 1968; Kazaard V. A. et al., 1970], as well as other manifestations of the total voltage reaction [KI-RPCSC L., 1980]. With longer hypocinezia (90 and 120 days), there was a slowdown in the isometric reduction of the drugs of the Cambalo muscle [Yoganov V. C, Potapov A. N., 1973], and there was no changes in the absolute force of the muscles. The specific biomechanical effect of hypocinezia may be due to an increased load on the extensors of the foot in the form of a long stretching of them when the animal content in the close cells. With the power unloading of the muscles (the "hanging model") was noted loss of mass in the cambaloid muscle and the medial head of the three-headed arm muscles, as well as a decrease in the average diameter of muscle fibers. In accordance with this, a decrease in the amplitude of their isometric reduction is noted [Yoganov V. S. et al., 1980]. The leading biochemical factors that change the conditions for the functioning of different muscles under hypocinezia conditions are their strength unloading and a decrease in the tonic component of movements. In hypokinesia in dogs created by the inactivation of muscles, the functional atrophy of the calf and plantar muscles developed, expressed in a decrease in force, mechanical capacity and performance [Kozlov V.T. et al., 1977]. The functional insufficiency of the muscles, active in the support period, in turn causes the disorganization of locomotions observed after the experimental effects, manifested by the gait instability, increases the pace of movements, lengthening the pilot period and the dual support phase, increasing the amplitude and velocity of vertical movements in the distal joints of the hind limbs disproportionate An increase in the energy of muscle bioelectric activity. According to V. S. Oganova (1984), changes that develop in skeletal muscles of man and animals in hypokinesia are a special occasion of their functional plasticity.

Motor activity value for man

Many centuries ago, a person had to move to get food, build a dwelling, make clothes, etc. Therefore, they say that our body is created for movement. In the developing body, the cell poins energy more than spending. This is the so-called energy rule of skeletal muscles. Therefore, one of the factors causing and determining the growth and development of the body is muscle motor activity.

In early childhood, physical exercises contribute to the development of speech, in school and university - the stability of mental performance and mental activity.

Movement is the condition for the development of a young organism, his health, character and attractiveness. Movement is closely related to the emotional state of the body. It removes the tension affects hormonal phenomena. Muscular activity is constantly accompanied by emotional stress and "removes" his surplus. This is due to the fact that the movement stimulates the production of hormones - endorphins and reduces excess adrenaline and hormones that contribute to the occurrence of stress.

Mastering the culture of movement will help develop the ability to "maintain themselves", that is, to maintain an emotional balance in any situation, goodwill, careful attitude towards the emotional state of another person.

The modern life of a schoolboy - school classes, cooking lessons, reading, TV - predisposes to a sedentary lifestyle. It turned out that about 18 hours a day (including and sleep) teenager is in full or relative immobility. Only 6 hours remains on the moving games, walks, sports. The lack of movements affects the general condition of the body: the pressure is often changing (it becomes high, then low), the bones become fragile, the person is quickly tired, the mood changes dramatically. The lack of movement is hypodynamine, as well as overeating, smoking, causes the development of cardiovascular diseases.

A sedentary lifestyle, especially in youth, is not harmless. It leads to a change in the functions of all systems of organs and diseases, especially the cardiovascular system. Active movement - a sign of a healthy lifestyle.

Low physical activity

Hydgodina - reduced physical activity is characterized by modern urban civilization. Meanwhile, for a healthy person, a systematic physical activity is needed, starting from children's and adolescence. Hydodiney leads to the detraction of regulatory mechanisms, a decrease in the functionality of the musculoskeletal system, often to fall in performance and weakening the protective functions of the body.

Insufficient physical activity is often combined with obesity. With low physical activity, the adaptability of the cardiovascular system is deteriorating even to light loads. In physically lowered people, the heart rate on average is 10-20% higher than physically active. The rise in cardiac rhythm by 5-10 blows per minute leads to an additional number of abbreviations only for one day by 7-14 thousand. This additional work is performed constantly in peace, its volume increases sharply during exercise. Studies have shown that for persons with high physical activity, the probability of getting a myocardial infarction is 2 times less and 2-3 less likely to die from it compared to physically inactive people.

Why do you need the human body movement and physical exertion?

Regular physical activity increases the performance of the heart muscle, it creates the possibility of cardiovascular system to work in the most favorable mode, which is especially important in physical and nervous overloads. Regular physical classes facilitate the best blood supply to all organs and tissues, including the very heart muscle itself. Permanent physical activity contributes to the training of mechanisms regulating the coagulation and antislesting systems, which is a kind of prevention of blood closures blockage - the leading cause of myocardial infarction; improves blood pressure regulation; Prevents violations of cardiac rhythm.

The computer took a significant part of physical activity in humans. Photo: Bruno Cordioli

With exercise in skeletal muscles, which make up 30-40% of body weight, there is a sharp increase in energy consumption, which stimulates the activity of the cardiovascular system, the heart and vessels train. Causeing significant energy consumption, regular physical activity contributes to the normalization of metabolism and helps level the effects of excessive nutrition. According to some authors, exercise and active lifestyle can be significantly (up to 50%) to reduce the level of cardiovascular diseases.

In modern society, the level of physical activity of people has decreased significantly, since the production and living conditions changed dramatically. For millions of years, people adapted to large physical exertion, a periodic absence or disadvantage of food. Detrality and excess food - Beach of modern humanity. Which of us did not have to watch how young people are waiting for an elevator for a long time, instead of climbing on one or two floors. Many are ready to idle at the public transport stops, but they never occur to passing a few stops in the foot. The point here is not in a shortage of time, yes, at short distances, with irregularity of the work of transport, the winning time often does not occur.

Schoolchildren are forbidden to run on change. In many schools, the so-called shift shoes are introduced. It turns out that for the sake of cleanliness at school, the guys deprive the opportunity to run out during changes to the school courtyard, run, play, physically discharge. Of course, the teachers, of course, have slightly facilitated their lives, but aren't the schools for them?

Some parents with an exemplary child consider this one who sits at home from morning to evening. If he spends a lot of time in the courtyard (on the street), it risks getting a catching for evaints clothes and obtained in the game bruise.

A normal, healthy child is usually restless, active, a walk for him is not only pleasure, but a physiological necessity. Unfortunately, parents often deprive children with the opportunity to walk if they have problems with study. Naturally, such educational measures often lead to the result, the opposite expected. Insertions, like: "First do all the lessons, and then go to walk!", They talk about the absence of elementary ideas about the hygiene of study and recreation. After all, before that, the child 5-6 h worked at school. It cannot but cause anxiety and such a fact: with age, the physical activity of the student falls. Studies conducted among Australian schoolchildren showed that at 13 years old 46.5% of boys and 24.6% of girls are actively engaged in sports, and in 17 years, respectively, only 10.3 and 3.9%. Not too comforting numbers are obtained and when examining our schoolchildren. They also have a decrease in physical activity as they grow up, and some girls have fallen and the ability to transfer physical exertion. We often believe in physical education lessons at school or vocational school. Undoubtedly, the introduction of a physical education lesson or physical education pause is a good thing, but without everyday physical activity, which is the true need of the body, is unrealistic to expect significant changes in health. Sometimes you have to hear such an opinion: if a person does not want to play sports, increase his physical activity, should not interfere with him, otherwise he will commit violence and will not lead to anything good. It seems to us that such a judgment is in low-rise. Too many people justify their inertness, lazy such "respectful" reasons, like overload at work, the desire to rest after the working day, watch TV, read the book, etc. It is worth considering this position is normal - it's like justifying smoking, alcohol consumption, alcohol, overeating, because low physical activity is also a bad habit. We do not utterly in order to ensure that everyone else participated in sports competitions and engaged in sections, although, undoubtedly, such a pastime could attract a much larger number of young people than now. It does not cause sympathy The desire of some parents by anything to raise the record holders from their children. Large sport, coupled with increased physical exertion, not all over shoulder and is a lot of lot. We are talking about constant, moderate physical exertion, taking into account the tastes and the inclinations of each. It does not matter if the young man does not immediately find an attractive type of physical activity, worse if he won't even try to find it.

Unfortunately, there are often cases when parents seek to free their children, even from the lessons of physical education at school, and doctors go to them and wait for a child from the lessons of physical education for a long time, even after a minor ailment, thereby create obstacles to rapid restoration and health improvement.

How to deal with hypokinesia?

After you have decided to start a "new" life, it is advisable to get support from relatives and friends. Regardless of how you decided to increase your physical activity, it is advisable to introduce a rule not to use the elevator and public transport at short distances. Going to work or study, leave the house 10-15 minutes earlier and pass part of the distance on foot.

Hydodina

One of the essential risk factors for the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system is hypodynamine. The level of physical activity today has decreased not only in the citizens, but also in the residents of the countryside, which is associated with a decrease in the share of physical labor in both industry and agriculture. Even summer holidays and a trip for the city at the end of the week Many people prefer to carry out in the car, limiting to a minimum pedestrian, ski and cycling. Statistical studies have shown that among individuals spending on walking for more than 1 hour per day, coronary heart disease occurs 5 times less frequently compared to people who prefer transporting transport. There is also a clear dependence between the degree of hypodynamics and the possibility of developing hypertension. This is due to a number of reasons. First of all, when exercising, blood circulation, mechanisms of its regulation and adaptation to the ever-changing demands of the body are significantly improved in accordance with different conditions of the medium. Therefore, the reaction to the load in more physically trained persons is carried out with more economical energy spending and with a smaller activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It is important that these people in response to emotional stress respond to a less significant increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Consequently, permanent moderate physical exertion adapt a person to emotional loads. Moderate and constant muscular stress has a soothing effect on the central nervous system, which is also an important factor in the prevention of hypertensive and ischemic heart disease.

With exercise, the energy costs of the body increase and appetite decreases (with respect to energy consumption), which prevents the development of obesity. An increase in physical activity with a parallel increase in energy consumption leads to the intensification of metabolism, contributes to the disposal of fats and reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood, which is one of the most important factors for preventing diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Physical exertion should be considered not only as the most important factor in the development of the development of diseases of the heart and blood vessels, but also as a significant component of the complex therapy of patients with many cardiovascular diseases.

Useful advice

The movement should be enjoyed. Choosing time for physical education and sports, manifest ingenuity: do every day before lessons or immediately on returning home; Combine with friends in sports, do exercises at any free time, make yourself walk on foot; Approaching the elevator, remember that there is a staircase. Do not let yourself indulge in laziness.

Recently, simulators and gymnastic devices of individual use are becoming increasingly popular. These are exercise bikes, "Health walls", treadmills, massagers and minimar devices with game elements. They allow exercise all year round, regardless of weather conditions.

A sedentary lifestyle, especially in youth, is not harmless. It leads to a change in the functions of all systems of organs and diseases, especially the cardiovascular system. Active movement - a sign of a healthy lifestyle.

Most people have from time to time there is such a weakened state of the body when it is difficult to move their hands and legs. But not always muscle weakness is a consequence of some disease. Sometimes the lack of energy is manifested as a result of banal fatigue after long-term physical labor, emotional overwork or too intense unusual workouts. It happens that the weakness of the muscles occurs after the body intoxication with viral or bacterial infections.

This article will consider the main causes of muscle failure in adults and children. It is worth noting that pathological conditions in most cases are treatable, but can become an irreversible process.

Classification of Muscle Fabric Weight

In medicine, three main types of muscle weakened muscles are distinguished:

1. Primary weakness;
2. Fatigue;
3. Fatigue.

The first category includes pathological changes in motor fabrics, which occur after the suffered stroke or due to muscle dystrophy. The patient cannot perform any movements from the first time, he has to make efforts to produce the necessary actions for several approaches. At the same time, independently of the attached muscle efforts cannot work with the power that is needed by a person at the moment. Such a state is not normal. In the primary muscular weakness of the fabric look hanging, their volume is reduced.

The second category is also called asthenia. While muscular movement, a person loses strength, deplets. But motor fabrics do not really lose the ability to function, as in the first case. This state is noted in people with chronic fatigue, which transfer stressful situations, suffer from depression, heart disease or kidney. Muscular weakness develops due to the fact that it takes more time to transmit energy in a depleted organism than in a healthy body.

The third category includes those pathologies in which the muscles work quickly and actively, but after a short period are tired. To restore the strength, a person needs more time. This state is found in the myasthes and dystrophic changes in motor fibers.

Three categories of muscle weakness can manifest itself simultaneously or alternate with each other. Diagnostics The causes of the disease are quite complicated, but with a competent approach, it is possible to establish an accurate factor that causes certain types of dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system.

Causes of muscle weakness?

In most cases, motion fiber pathology are not the result of the primary lesion of the tissue. Mostly the weakness of the muscles arises due to the negative impact of the following reversible factors:

• Lack of physical activity;

Without due load, muscle tissue is capable of atrophy and partially replaced with a fat layer. If they are not used, then over time they are weakened, become flabs and friable. Despite the fact that the fibers themselves do not lose force, but due to a decrease in mass, they cannot decline as efficiently as before. Fast fatigue appears when performing some movements. But after regular sports, this process is restored, and muscle fibers begin to work in full force again.

• Senile changes;

With age, the muscular weight becomes smaller, and the tissues lose force. But even in this case, each person can support muscle tone, performing suitable exercises. It should not expect that in old age physical work can be done as quickly as in youth, because the metabolism and energy transfer is noticeably slowed down.

• Infectious inflammation;

This is the most common reason why many people have muscle weakness from time to time. Even after the suffered disease, the restoration of forces is stretched for several weeks. As a result of a long flow of infectious damage, the syndrome of chronic fatigue will be able to develop. Often it happens with influenza, lime disease, hepatitis C, venereal diseases, etc.

• Pregnancy;

After conceiving a child, many women appear fatigue. This is explained by the high level of hormones and iron deficiency. Such muscle reaction is normal during this period of time, but to improve the state you can make a special light gymnastics.

• Chronic diseases;

If the person develops the pathological narrowing of the vessels, then the overall muscle weakness appears on the lack of blood circulation. Diabetes promotes muscle dystrophy, since the high level of sugar disrupts the functions of the propeller. In addition, in the progression of the disease in patients, innervation is disturbed, arteries are damaged, heart failure will be able to develop. All these manifestations do not give the muscles of normal nutrition, as a result of which they weaken and lose physical form.

From the obstruction of the lungs in the body decreases the consumption of oxygen, which is noticeable when performing some kind of work. Over time, the disease can cause muscle atrophy. Disorders of the functionality of the kidneys contribute to the imbalance of electrolytes, accumulation of toxins. These factors affect the formation of primary muscle weakness.

CNS diseases, for example, depressive states and anxiety always cause a weakening of muscle strength. And with an excessive amount of hormones that react to pain, patients have a constant weakness, which causes the muscle energy. Through the uncomfortable sensations of patients worries fast fatigue.

• Injuries;

After stretching the ligaments, dislocation or damage to muscle tissues in the legs or in the hands, a person develops an inflammatory process, accompanied by a swelling. After that, patients become sluggish, and motor processes cause painful sensations. The first symptoms of injury is pain and swelling, but then weakness can manifest.

• Medicines;

Often, the reception of medicines provoke muscle damage. If you do not notice side effects on time, then the patient develops fatigue and even atrophy. Antibiotics, painkillers, statins, steroids, chemotherapy, interferons, thyroid treatment facilities can have a negative impact.

• Bad habits;

It has been proven that the abuse of alcohol, the reception of narcotic substances and smoking cause symptoms of muscle weakness. For example, tobacocuria leads to the development of problems in hand, and alcoholism contributes to poor coordination of movements in the legs.

Other reasons atrophy or weakening muscles include:

• Fibromyalgia (when palpation of tissues appears soreness);
• Hypoteriosis (lack of hormones);
• Dehydration (saline imbalance, dehydration);
• Rheumatoid arthritis, polymalgia, dermatomyosis;
• Oncological diseases;
• Neuralgia muscles;
• Scotched sclerosis, Guienen Barre Syndrome, Parkinson.

General muscular weakness can develop gradually if it is the result of a long-term course of another disease. And it may arise suddenly due to acute damage to nerve fibers, muscles, vascular grid.

Diagnosis and treatment of muscle weakness

To establish a cause that causes muscle syndrome or easy malaise in the patient, the clinical manifestations of pathological changes should be identified. The doctor will want to know when began to disturb the fatigue, what were the first symptoms of ailments. Does the patient have a deterioration in general condition or vice versa, improvements? Is the weakness with rapid weight loss or moving to another country? Has a person accepted some medicines?

When examining a patient, a specialist determines dystrophy or a decrease in tone in specific muscles. He also clarifies whether the problem is true or supposed. When palpation, the fibers can be noted, whether there is inflammation of the tissues.

After that, the doctor checks the nervous conductivity to the muscles. If necessary, studies the work of the nervous system, coordination of movements. Then he directs the patient for tests (hormones, electrolytes, etc.).

If after all studies are not able to establish the exact reason, additional examination methods may be required:

1. CT / MRI;
2. Muscle biopias.

Since there are many reasons that cause muscle weakness syndrome / tiredness of motor tissues, treatment can be carried out by different specialists based on true genesis. Therapy disease is carried out by a conservative or operational method.

Muscular weakness is often found in childhood. As a rule, the child has nervous signals in normal speed, but the muscles reaction slows down. Because of this, kids cannot hold limbs or body position for a long time in a fixed state.

The reasons for such a phenomenon are different:

• Down syndromes, Martha, Prader-Willy;
• Rickets;
• Blood poisoning;
• Miasti;
• Botulism;
• Hypoteriosis congenital type;
• Excess vitamin D;
• Muscle dystrophy, spinal atrophy;
• Adverse reactions to vaccines.

No matter what reason the children develop muscle weakness, in any case their appearance changes. Therefore, even without complaints of the child, experts may notice the problems associated with the motor function.

Symptoms of muscle hypotension are manifested as a result of lesion of brain areas. When changing in the cerebellum, the child develops general muscular weakness. Only individual groups of fibers are very rarely involved. The first signs of pathology are:

• For support, children arrange hands and legs;
• Can not hold the head smoothly, it throws back or goes down to the chest;
• When picked up the baby up, holding under mouses, loose muscles will not allow him to hang on the hands of parents, they will slip down, involuntarily arranging the forearms aside and up;
• In a dream, the child will not bend legs and hands in the joints, they relax, smoothly lick along the body;
• In babies with muscular weak syndrome there is a delay in physical activity, as a result of which they are not able to crawl, roll over on the stomach, sit in a flat position, stand, keep the items in the hands.

Muscle hypotension often leads to violations of mobility and formation of posture. So children decrease the reflexes, the joints are dismounting. With serious dysfunctions, the child is difficult to swallow and chew food. If this happens, the kids establish a special probe for feeding. Kids are more difficult to learn how to speak, despite the fact that their intellect does not decrease. The speech apparatus cannot function normally due to the muscle dystrophy of the respiratory system. As soon as the parents notice the symptoms of muscle hypotension, they need to contact a specialist to start the treatment faster.

Therapy of the disease is performed using physiotherapy procedures. The main course of treatment is assigned only after setting the exact cause of muscle dysfunction. It also depends on the age of the child and the degree of tissue damage. This task is to lie down in several specialists: a neurologist, physiotherapist, speech therapist, orthopedist, etc.

The main methods of treating children's muscle hypotension:

• Specially selected gymnastics;
• Fizwards;
• Classes with speech power to improve speech;
• Development of shallow motility and coordination of movements;
• Selection of proper nutrition;
• Formation of posture and gait;
• Purpose of drugs to improve muscle tone, relieving inflammation, etc.

It is important to note that even with such a diagnosis, children can restore the operation of muscle fibers and fully recover. The main thing is to refer to specialists as early as possible.

motor activity Hypookinesia hypodynamia

Movement is a living organism as the same physiological need for security or sexual partner. The dissatisfaction of this need for a long time leads to the development of serious abnormalities in a state of health, premature aging and death.

The vitality of movements is proved in animal experiments. So, if rats (one of the most viable animals) contain in conditions of complete immobility for 1 month, then 40% of animals dies. In conditions of minimal physical movements, 20% of animals die.

Chickens grown in condense in close cells and then released on the will, die after the slightest jogging in the yard.

There are two varieties of insufficient motor activity:

• - hypokinesia - lack of muscle movements,
• - hypodymna - lack of physical stress.

Usually, hypodynamics and hypocinezia accompany each other and act together, therefore are replaced by one word (as is known, the concept of "hypodynamy" is most often used).

These are atrophic changes in the muscles, the general physical detries, the deregistration of the cardiovascular system, a decrease in orthostatic stability, a change in the water-salt balance, blood system, bone demineralization, etc. Ultimately decreases the functional activity of organs and systems, the activities of regulatory mechanisms are violated, ensuring their relationship, the resistance to various adverse factors is worse; The intensity and volume of afferent information related to muscle contractions decreases, coordination of movements is disturbed, the muscle tone (turgor) decreases, endurance and power indicators falls.

The most resistant to the development of hypodynamic signs of anti-gravity muscles (neck, back). Abdominal muscles are atrophy in relatively quickly, which adversely affects the functions of blood circulation, respiration, digestion.

Under conditions of hypodymna, the power of heart abbreviations is reduced due to the decrease in the venous return to the atrium, the minute volume, the heart weight and its energy potential are reduced, the heart muscle is weakened, the number of circulating blood is reduced due to the stress of it in the depot and capillaries. The tone of arterial and venous vessels is weakened, blood pressure drops, the supply of oxygen tissues (hypoxia) and the intensity of exchange processes (violations in the balance sheet of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, water and salts) are worse.

The life capacity of lungs and pulmonary ventilation decreases, the intensity of gas exchange. All this is a weakening of the relationship between motor and vegetative functions, the inadequacy of neuromuscular stresses. Thus, with hypodynamies in the body, a situation is created, fraught with "emergency" consequences for its livelihoods. If you add that the absence of necessary systematic practices in physical exercises is associated with negative changes in the activities of the highest departments of the brain, its subcortical structures and formations, it becomes clear why the general protective forces of the body are reduced and the increased fatigue occurs, sleep is disturbed, the ability to maintain high mental is reduced. or physical performance.

The lack of motor activity in our country is characteristic of most urban population and, especially for persons engaged in mental activities. These include not only mental workers, but also schoolchildren and students whose main activity is studying.

According to WHO (World Health Organization), for 1999, the number is actively and regularly engaged in physical exercises in developed countries (such as the United States, France, Germany, Sweden, Canada) is about 60%, in Finland - 70%, in Russia - only 6% S.L. Axelrod Sports and Health. M.: Education, 1987, 128 p.

Some consequences to which a long-term decrease in physical activity, see Wheels V.D., Mash R.D. Basics of hygiene and sanitation. Tutorial for 9-10 CL. M.: Enlightenment, 1989. 191 p., P. 25-33:

In muscle cells, degenerative-dystrophic changes are developing (degeneration processes due to impairment of metabolism), muscle mass decreases. At the same time, interlayers of adipose tissue can occur between muscle fibers.

The muscle tone is reduced, which leads to a violation of posture. Violation of posture, in turn, leads to displacement of internal organs. Externally, a decrease in muscle tone is manifested in the form of muscle flabbiness.

The load on the cardiovascular system is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the mass of the heart muscle and a violation of the flow of metabolic processes in the heart cells. The heart dimensions decrease, the power of the heart muscle is reduced, the state of the heart vessels is worse. These changes increase the risk of developing heart pathologies, including fatal infarction.

The power of the respiratory muscles and the functional state of the respiratory apparatus is reduced. The lungs develop congestive phenomena, which are prerequisites for the development of inflammatory diseases. In severe cases, pulmonary failure can develop, while even minor muscle efforts cause attacks of strong shortness of breath.

Stagnation of congestion in the abdominal organs, including in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to a delay in the stomach, to a violation of the intestinal work, strengthening the processes of rotting. These changes are accompanied by intoxication (poisoning) poisons of rotting, constipation.

The weakness of the muscles of the abdominal press (abdominal muscles, the side surfaces of the body, backs) leads to a decrease in intra-abdominal pressure. Risk increases the risk of abdominal organs (for example, kidney).

The state of blood vessels deteriorates due to the lack of sufficient loads for them. Small vessels who slept in a state of rest are closed almost all the time, which leads to a decrease in their number. Reducing the number of reserve vessels reduces the general reserves of the body. The poor condition of vascular walls contributes to the development of varicose veins, atherosclerosis, hypertensive disease and other pathologies.

There is a decrease in the functions of the glands of the internal secretion, including decreases the emission of adrenaline - hormone, helps to successfully overcome stressful states. A sedentary person increases the need for stimulation of adrenaline synthesis by artificial ways by means of smoking tobacco, alcohol intake, and so on.

Reducing the load on the bone apparatus and deterioration of their nutrition leads to the exit of the calcium bones, which disrupts their strength. As a result, the bones become prone to deformation under the influence of loads, for example, when transferring weights.

Stagnation in the small pelvis organs in violation of their function and, as a result, reproductive ability (the ability to produce healthy sex cells) decreases, the sexual attraction and potency decreases.

For sedentary and weakened women, severe pregnancy is characterized as a result of a reduction in the common functional state of the body, a large duration of childbirth and a high risk of generic mortality, as well as a weak state of the health of the child born.

The energy produces of the body are significantly reduced and, as a result, the rate of metabolism is reduced, and the body weight increases due to the fat component.

The rate of synthesis of substances is reduced, respectively, the rate and intensity of self-renewal of the cell cells is reduced. The decay processes of substances can exceed the processes of their synthesis - there is a premature aging process.

Reducing the impulsation coming into the central nervous system from working muscles, reduces its tone and functional state. As a result, the performance of the brain decreases, including the highest functions of the brain (thinking, memory, attention, etc.) decreases.

The deterioration of the functional state of the central nervous system reduces the quality of the trophic function, the function of monitoring the metabolic processes in all organism cells. The deterioration in the control of metabolism in the cells of the body leads to a decrease in the functional state of all organs and systems.

A decrease in the functional state of the central nervous system is accompanied by a sharp increase in emotional excitability, which, in turn, contributes to the development of emotional stresses, and in the future - psychosomatic diseases.

The state of the senses, especially the visual analyzer, as well as the vestibular apparatus deteriorates. Coordination decreases, muscle sensitivity deteriorates (the ability to estimate the position of the body and its individual parts in space, determine the magnitude of the muscle tension). Man can significantly manage his movements much worse.

Reducing the control of the nervous system behind the process of cell metabolism and the deterioration of the blood supply to organs weaken the immunity of the body. As a result, the body's stability is reduced to the development of any kind of diseases. In particular, the low level of immune monitoring of cell division processes increases the risk of developing malignant formations.

The monotonous minority state of the body gradually leads to smoothing biological rhythms (the daily changes of the pulse, temperature and other functions become less pronounced). As a result, sleep becomes impossible, and in the time of wakefulness there is a low performance, lethargy, high fatigue, poor well-being and mood, a permanent wish to relax.

The performance of the whole organism is reduced, the "physiological cost of load" increases, that is, the same load man with a long-term low physical activity will cause more tension in the functioning of the organs, providing it (heart, respiratory system, etc.). In addition, in lengthy physically little active people, physiological changes during the load are irregular. Eranny physiological changes during the load lead to high fatigue even at low physical voltage values. The level of vital activity of the body as a biological system is reduced. That is, the body goes to a new, lower level of operation. For example, the main exchange of a sedentary organism decreases by 10-20% (the main exchange is the energy waste of the body on the course of the minimum necessary life functions: 1) metabolism in cells, 2) activities of permanent organs - respiratory muscles, heart, kidneys, brain , 3) maintain the minimum level of muscular tone).

Such a phenomenon was called "hypokinetic disease" hypokinesia.

With a decrease in physical activity in the muscles, intensifying atrophy with structural and functional changes leading to progressive muscle weakness is noted. For example, due to the weakening of the muscles of the ligament and bone body of the body, the lower extremities that cannot fully fulfill their function - the retention of the musculoskeletal system, develop disorders of the posture, deformation of the spine, chest, pelvis, etc., which are attracted by a number of Health disorders, which leads to a decrease in performance. Restriction of motor activity leads to changes in the functions of the internal organs. At the same time, the CCC is very vulnerable. The functional state of the heart is worsening, the processes of biological oxidation are disturbed, which worsens tissue respiration. With a small load develops, oxygen deficiency. This leads to early pathology of the circulatory system, the development of atherosclerotic plaques, the rapid wear of the system.

Special attention of motor activity must be given to schoolchildren.

A necessary condition for the harmonious development of the student of a schoolchild is sufficient motor activity. Recent years, due to the high training load in school and at home and other reasons, most students have a deficit in the mode of day, insufficient motor activity that causes the appearance of hypocinezia, which can cause a number of serious changes in the schoolchild's body.

Research of hygienists indicate that up to 82 - 85% of the daytime, most students are in a static position (sitting). Even younger students have arbitrary motor activities (walking, games) takes only 16 - 19% of the time of day, of which the organized forms of physical education account for only 1 - 3%. The total motor activity of children with admission to school falls by almost 50%, decreasing from the younger classes to the elders. It has been established that the motor activity in the 9-10th grade is less than in the 6th grade, the girls do less steps per day than boys; Motor activity on Sunday days more than training. There is a change in the magnitude of motor activity in different training quarters. Muscular activity of schoolchildren especially small in winter; In the spring and autumn she increases.

Schoolchildren not only have to limit their natural motor activity, but also for a long time to maintain an uncomfortable static pose for them, sitting at the desk or school desk.

A little mobile position at the desktop or work desk is reflected in the functioning of many schoolchild organism systems, especially cardiovascular and respiratory. With long-term seat, the breathing becomes less deep metabolism decreases, the blood stagnation occurs in the lower limbs, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the entire body and especially the brain: the attention is reduced, the memory is reduced, the coordination of movements is impaired, the time of mental operations is increasing.

The negative consequences of hypocinezia also manifests the resistance of the young organism "colds and infectious diseases", the prerequisites for the formation of a weak, untranslated heart and the associated further development of the deficiency of the cardiovascular system are created. Hypokinesia on a background through measuring power with a large excess carbohydrate and fat in the day diet can lead to obesity.

Lovely children have very weak muscles. They are not able to support the body in the right position, they develop a bad posture, a stuff is formed.

In print, quite interesting observations of the influence of the restriction of motor activity on the physical development of a young organism were published. Scientists have established that 6 - 7 year old children who have already taken to school are lagging behind in the growth and mass of the body and brains from peers who do not attend educational institutions. The difference by the end of the year turns out to be significant: the boys the difference in the growth is 3.2 cm. In the mass of the body 700 gr. And in girls - 0.9 cm, respectively. And 1 kg. 300 gr.

The only opportunity to neutralize a negative phenomenon arising from schoolchildren with prolonged and tense mental labor is an active holiday from school and organized physical activity.

Schoolboy's motor regimen is mostly from the morning freezing, moving games on school changes, physical class lessons, classes in circles and sports sections, walking before bedtime, active holidays on weekends.

In systematic classes, physical culture and sports occurs continuous improvement of organs and human body systems. This mainly is the positive influence of physical culture on health promotion.

Average growth and development indicators, as well as some functional indicators of young attendants are much higher than that of their peers that do not engage in sports: the body's length of the young men is 16-17 years old more than 5.7 - 6 cm, body weight - by8- 8.5 kg, and the chest circumference is 2.5 - 5 cm., Hand brush compression force - by 4.5 - 5.7 kg, the life capacity of the lungs - by 0.5 - 1.4 liters.

The following observations are described in the literature: schoolchildren engaged in physical exercises in the middle of the year increased by 8.7 kg; In adolescents of the same age engaged in physical culture, - 13 kg., And those who were engaged in except for the lessons of philling, also at 23 kg sports. A visual explanation for this gives the following experiment. When consideration under the microscope, the animal muscles section found that in one mm square muscle, located at rest, there are from 30 to 60 capillaries. On the same site after enhanced physical. Muscle's works numbered up to 30,000 capillaries, that is, dozens of times more. In addition, each capillary increased almost 2 times in diameter. This suggests that in a state of rest they do not participate in blood circulation, and during the muscular load, the capillaries are filled with blood, contribute to the supply of nutrients into muscles. Thus, the metabolism of muscular work compared to the state of peace increases many times.

Muscles range from 40 to 56% of human body weight and can hardly expect good health if a good half of the cell components do not receive sufficient food and do not have good performance.

Under the influence of muscular activity, the harmonious development of all departments of the central nervous system occurs. It is important that Piz. The loads were systematic, diverse and not caused overwork. The highest department of the nervous system is coming signals from the senses and skeletal muscles. The brain cortex processes a huge flow of information and carries out accurate regulation of the body's activities.

Physic exercises have a beneficial effect on the development of such functions of the nervous system as strength, mobility and equilibrium of nervous processes. Even intense mental activity is impossible without movement. Here is a student sat down and thought about the difficult task and suddenly felt the need to walk around the room - it is easier for him to work, think. If you look at the thinking schoolchild, it can be seen how the whole muscles of his face collected, the hands of the body. Mental work requires museum mobilization, since the signals from the muscles activate the activity of the brain.

A decrease in physical activity leads to diseases (infarction, hypertension, obesity, etc.). For example, people's mental people have a heart attack in 2-3 more often than in human labor.

Pathological changes in the body are developing not only in the absence of movement, but even with the usual lifestyle, but when the motor regime does not correspond to the "intended" nature of the genetic program. Insufficiency of physical activity leads to a disruption of metabolism, impaired resistance to hypoxia (lack of oxygen).

The ability of a person to resist hypodynamine - the lack of muscle activity - not irreplaceable.

Already after one or two weeks of bed regime, even completely healthy people have a significant reduction in muscle strength, coordination disorders, reducing endurance. The negative consequences of hypodynine apply to many of the organism functions even that are not related to muscle work, movement.

For example, the lack of nerve impulses contributes to the development of brake processes in the brain, which deteriorates its activities that control the work of the internal organs.

As a result, their functioning, the interaction of these bodies is gradually violated.

Previously, it was believed that physical exercises are mainly affected by the neuromuscular (or motor vehicle), and changes in metabolism, blood circulation systems, respiration and other systems can be considered as side, minor. Recent studies in medicine denied these ideas.

It was shown that with muscular activity there is a phenomenon that received the name of motor-visual reflexes, that is, impulses from working muscles are addressed to internal organs. This allows you to consider exercise as a lever that affects the muscles to the level of metabolism and the activities of the most important functional systems of the body.

Muscle activity is given one of the leading places in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and other organs.

It seems clearly that a long-standing person is a sick person, or a person who will inevitably become sick.