Grounding test report. Act (protocol) of grounding. The composition of the protective grounding system. Checking, testing and measuring grounding

When gas service workers come to the facility to connect any equipment, they need confirmation that this process will take place safely. And this is possible only if there is an act on the grounding of the gas boiler. The workers call this the protocol for checking the resistances of ground electrodes and grounding devices.

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Why is this a must

A gas boiler or other gas equipment, like a car, is a source of increased danger. For him, in most cases, the correct connection of the zero and phase of the supply network is critical.

It is also necessary that the grounding of the metal parts is correctly brought out, and potential equalization is performed. It is not uncommon to have problems with static electricity inside gas pipelines.

Incorrectly connected devices are ways to claim lives. One caviar is enough for the irreparable to happen. That is why tolerances and norms are so strictly controlled here. Electricians bear a great responsibility when connecting the boiler.

There are also situations when a gas boiler is connected to the power grid on its own, by an individual. In this case, it is especially important to confirm the compliance of the work performed with safety requirements.

Who compiled

Even an employee with an engineering or physical education does not always have the right to fill out an act for grounding a gas boiler. The organization whose employee is filling out this paper must be registered with Rostekhnadzor.

Important! This company must have a certificate of registration of the electrical laboratory, expanding its powers. After all, the conclusions drawn up in writing should indicate whether the conducted grounding corresponds to the PUE or not.

All employees exercising control must undergo a test for knowledge of labor protection rules, be recognized by a medical examination as suitable for carrying out this activity.

Components of the protocol

In the upper left corner of the paper, the data of the company that conducts the check is written.

In the upper right corner, the details of the customer are registered - an organization or a private person who needs to receive an act for the grounding of a gas boiler for its safe connection.

The mention of the date of compilation, the type of object (residential, general-purpose building, etc.) and its address is mandatory here. In addition to the name, the description of the controllers includes an indication of the number of the certificate of registration with the Ministry of Energy with a date, as well as a link to the license under which the company is entitled to carry out this type of activity.

After this data, the document number is reported. Immediately below it, a note should be made about the climatic conditions that were during the measurements. This is an important technical information, but this does not mean that the boiler cannot be operated under other conditions.

The purpose of the measurements must be indicated in the document. This item has its own column. The goals can be:

  • acceptance tests;
  • collation;
  • control tests (indicated in most cases);
  • operational;
  • for certification purposes.

In the regulatory and technical documents, for compliance with the requirements of which the study was carried out, PUE and PEEP are usually indicated.

Main part

The columns of the main part are written:

  • type (loam, clay, peat) and the nature of the soil (dry or wet);
  • for which electrical installation the grounding device is used (here information on the power is indicated - up to 1000V or above 100V, you can register the model of the gas boiler);
  • neutral mode;
  • specific resistance, which gives the soil (units of measurement - Ohm per meter);
  • rated earth fault current;
  • measurement results.

The last point is drawn up in the form of a table. It indicates all measured grounding conductors with an indication:

  • their functionality;
  • measurement points;
  • distances to auxiliary probes;
  • the level of resistance of grounding conductors measured specifically under these conditions.

Attention! If the grounding is located on soil with increased corrosive aggressiveness, then the tests will have to be carried out more often.

It is interesting that the models of equipment that have a power higher than 1000 V require a specialist from the fifth group of qualifications in testing. Whereas with power up to 1000 V, a fourth is enough.

About the device for testing

The measurement results are followed by a detailed description of the device with which these measurements were carried out. They are also presented in the form of a table. The latter has the following columns:

  • serial number;
  • device type;
  • its serial number;
  • accuracy class;
  • measurement range;
  • when the functionality of the device was checked (both regular and extraordinary);
  • number of his certificate or certificate;
  • the name of the State Meteorological Service body that performed the reliability check

It is the responsibility of the reviewing organization to complete the final table. Several ground loops can be investigated simultaneously. But in most cases only one is involved.

Final part

At the end of the tables, the specialist must clearly and unambiguously draw a conclusion in writing regarding the compliance or non-compliance of the presented grounding loops of the gas boiler or other equipment with the standards prescribed in the PUE and PEEP. A separate line is highlighted for this after the table.

At the very end of the act on the grounding of gas colitis, the workers who conducted the tests must leave their signatures. In this case, the position of the signatory is indicated and a transcript is made.

Attention! A minimum of three signatures are required (usually two electricians and the head of the laboratory).

How many copies need to be filled

For normal work two copies are enough. One - remains with the owner of the gas boiler, the other - is supplied to the gas company to confirm the safety of the work being carried out.

Lightning protection inspection (test) protocol - a document that includes a list of individual protocols required to check the lightning protection and grounding system of a building or structure for compliance with the requirements of regulatory norms and rules (PUE 7, RD 34.21.122-87, SO 153-34.21 .122-2003, etc.), as well as project requirements. As such, it does not have a separate status and is included in the lightning protection passport or acceptance certificates.

It is drawn up based on the results of a visual inspection of the lightning protection circuit and measurements of the resistances of individual elements of the system between the owner of the building (Customer) and the installation or operating (checking) organization. This company must maintain a certified electrical laboratory with its own staffing and measuring instrumentsthat have passed the appropriate verification.

Why do you need to draw up a lightning protection test protocol?

The document is part of the executive documentation, more precisely, it is mandatory when carrying out acceptance work. An installation organization that does not have a certified electrical laboratory can, at the same time, engage third-party organizations for measurements.

When is the protocol drawn up?

Control checks with the issuance of a protocol subsequently must also be carried out at regular intervals, depending on the category of the MZS, and at certain intervals this is either a visual inspection or a complete check performance characteristics... Their frequency is indicated in the table below:

In addition, checks should be performed in the following cases:

  • immediately after the installation of the system (first installation)
  • after modification or after repair
  • after receiving damage to the protected object

Extraordinary inspections (without checking resistances) are also recommended after natural disasters or thunderstorms of extreme intensity.

What does the document include?

The protocol contains 3 components:

  1. Visual inspection data (Protocol No. 1)
  2. Checking of contact resistances (Protocol No. 2)
  3. Checking the resistance of grounding devices (Protocol No. 3)

They also attach to it:

  • lightning protection scheme with indication of measurement points;
  • copies of the certificate of registration (certification) of the electrical laboratory;
  • verification certificates for control and measuring devices used for measurements;
  • other necessary documents, if required (certificates, attestations of laboratory managers, engineers and others).

Visual inspection protocol No. 1

Contains the following items:

  1. Analysis of design documentation
  2. Checking the compliance of electrical installations (lightning protection part, down conductors, ground electrodes) to the regulatory framework and the project. The presentation is performed in the form of a table.
  1. Found violations or remarks
  2. Conclusion on acceptance or further operation of the lightning protection and grounding system
  • visually assess the condition of all components, whether the lightning rods and down conductors are not damaged, whether they are reliably connected to the system circuit, check the condition of all fasteners within the overall design of the lightning protection system;
  • identify elements requiring replacement or repair due to violation of their mechanical strength;
  • determine elements with corrosion, as well as the degree of its impact on the corresponding element;
  • check the executive scheme of the lightning protection system with the current one;
  • check the availability of the necessary documentation for the lightning protection devices.

Protocol No. 2 for checking transition resistances

Measurements are performed in sequence from the lightning protection equipment to the grounding device, usually at the points where the connecting components (holders, terminals, etc.) are located between the individual components of the lightning protection system, as well as where it contacts the elements of the structure.

The results are recorded in the following table.

The protocol also contains mandatory data:

  • type of tests (acceptance, comparison, control tests, operational, for certification purposes);
  • parameters of temperature, air humidity and pressure;
  • data on the measuring device (type, serial number, metrological characteristics, verification dates, certificate number and the body that issued it).

Conclusions and conclusions regarding the compliance or non-compliance of the obtained parameters with the requirements of the rules.

Protocol No. 3 for checking the resistance of the grounding device

Contains items:

  1. Climatic conditions during measurements
  2. The purpose of the check (delivery-acceptance, control, operational tests)
  3. Normative base of measurements (RD, SO, PUE)
  4. Type and nature of soil
  5. Rated voltage of the electrical installation (up to 1000V, up to and over 1000V, over 1000V)
  6. Neutral mode (isolated, grounded)
  7. Soil resistivity
  8. The measurement results, which are displayed in the following table

Ecolife's electrical laboratory measures grounding resistance on the basis of the current Electrical Laboratory Registration Certificate, taking into account the current regulatory documents: Electrical Installation Rules, Rules Technical Operation Electrical installations of Consumers, GOST and others.

Electrical laboratory services contract

Our company works with legal entities and individuals. We conclude a contract for the services of an electrical laboratory, which is a document that clearly defines the cost and timing of work. Pre-negotiated terms reduce risks for both parties, and also ensure the benefits of the transaction for the seller and the buyer.
The signing of the certificates of completion and acceptance and transfer of equipment means the successful completion of the work. We provide a full package of documents, including invoices, acts, invoices and cash receipts for cash payments, commissioning certificates, system settings.

Departure of an engineer to calculate the cost of work is free of charge

Building grounding system. Grounding Standards and Requirements

No matter how much humanity makes breakthroughs in science and inventions, we can confidently say that Mother Nature has given us all the most ingenious. And there is only one reason for this: everything that is on earth is equally ingenious and simple! For example, water is a combination of two gases. Amazing, ingenious and at the same time very simple. Everything that the planet gives us - water, air,

But today we will talk about the earth, or to be more precise, about the soil of the earth. The earth also has many properties that humanity uses everywhere.
We are interested in such a property of the earth's surface as the ability to absorb and "dissolve" electrical charges. This property of the earth was discovered during the study of electricity. The fact is that after the discovery of electrical energy, people understood: the future is in electricity. But in order to use it effectively, it was necessary to learn how to control it. After all, electricity is a dangerous thing. And in order to avoid accidental electric shock, it was necessary to somehow "utilize" its "unnecessary" charges.

In order to better understand how the tests and measurements of the building grounding system are carried out, it is necessary to clearly understand - what is this system?

Technically speaking, the grounding system is just a system of conductors (cables, metal strips, corners, etc.) that connect the electrical appliances of the building with ground electrodes located directly in the ground. It does not imply any automatic devices in its composition, since the earth "does" everything necessary on its own. The main requirement for the system of grounding conductors during the acceptance of electrical work is that these conductors must be visible. That is, despite the fact that, for example, a ceiling lamp with a metal case is powered by a three-core cable, where one core serves as a conductor for grounding, very often the commission requires the removal of a separate, visible conductor. Unsurprisingly, this requirement is often controversial. Also, for all conductors of the grounding system - both for cables and for buses - a two-color, yellow-green color is regulated, which helps the grounding system to stand out from the total mass of monophonic cables.

Grounding, first of all, is divided into "natural" and "artificial".

Artificial grounding - this is exactly the system of special conductors and grounding devices, which is built for specific purposes - protection against electric shock and the normal functioning of devices.

To natural ground include, for example, systems such as heating and water supply. Also, any metal structure of a building that is in contact with the ground will be a natural ground electrode. It differs from the artificial one in that the grounding function for it is a by-product.

Artificial grounding is a whole complex of protection, which consists of working grounding, protective grounding and lightning protection grounding.

1. Working (functional) grounding - connection to "ground" of "neutrals" of windings of some power transformers and generators. In other words, a working ground assumes how the neutral bus will be grounded. Grounding "neutral" makes the grounding system more efficient.

2. Protective ground - grounding of all metal parts of the installation, which are normally not energized, but may be under it if the insulation is broken. Protective grounding is performed in order to increase the safety of operation, to reduce the likelihood of injury to people and animals by electric shock during the operation of electrical installations.

The protective effect of grounding is based on two principles:

Reducing to a safe value of the potential difference between the grounded conductive object and other conductive objects that have a natural ground.
... Leakage current drainage when a grounded conductive object comes into contact with a phase conductor. In a properly designed system, the appearance of a leakage current leads to the immediate operation of protective devices (residual current devices - RCDs).

Thus, grounding is most effective only in combination with the use of residual current devices. In this case, with most insulation violations, the potential on grounded objects will not exceed dangerous values. Moreover, the faulty section of the network will be disconnected within a very short time (tenths ÷ hundredths of a second - the RCD trip time).

3. Grounding of lightning protection It is designed to divert lightning current and overvoltage waves induced from lightning rods, protective cables and arresters into the ground, and to reduce the potentials of individual parts of the installation in relation to the ground.

In practice, they try to combine all these types of grounding into a single grounding network. Moreover, the grounding networks of adjacent buildings are reduced to single grounding devices. All this makes it possible to increase the efficiency of grounding and reduce the cost of its construction. The only exceptions are free-standing lightning rods, for which separate grounding devices are used so as not to overload the general network.

The composition of the protective grounding system. Checking, testing and measuring grounding

The building grounding system can be divided into two parts.
The first part is conductors passing inside the building... These conductors connect each appliance to the ground bus, which is also located inside the building.
The second part is directly the ground electrode itself and a conductor connecting it to the ground bus in the building. There are a lot of options for the execution of ground electrodes. It all depends on the electrical load of the building, as well as on the composition and condition of the soil.

Now that the basic principles of building a grounding system are clear, you can proceed to its verification, testing and measurements.

As with other physical tests in an electrical laboratory, grounding testing goes through three main stages:

1. Study working documentation (projects, drawings, diagrams);
2. Visual inspection and quality control of installation;
3. Tests and measurements.

1. Study of working documentation

Studying the documentation before carrying out work allows you to "see" the entire grounding system of a building or structure. Experienced specialists already at this stage are able to understand which elements of the electrical installation should focus their attention on. Moreover, since the grounding device itself is completely underground, it is simply impossible to determine its location without the presence and study of the drawings.

Based on the results of this stage of work, a detailed step-by-step plan for testing and measuring grounding is drawn up.

2. Visual inspection

Grounding devices are checked, first of all, visually. Points of attention are:

Contacts with equipment;
... contact connection with ground;
... fastening conductors;
... conductor exposure assessment external environment;
... degree of corrosion;
... presence or absence of heating.

Together with an external examination of grounding electrodes, as a rule, a visual check of all electrical equipment is carried out.

When examining the condition, it is important to pay attention to the conditions under which the grounding devices work and for how long. So, for example, the constant presence in the open air, in conditions of high humidity and precipitation (including snow, which creates a strong pressure upon adhesion, stretching the cables, which, in turn, changes the potentials), leads to the fact that with external stability, the grounding device is practically inoperative. Sometimes this fact masks the decorative and protective coating, and also hides - if access is inconvenient for inspection - parts of equipment, buildings and structures. Damaged grounding devices are inoperative and must be repaired (restored) or replaced. It is noteworthy that minor flaws in the elements of the grounding system (damage to the paint layer, loose bolted connection, etc.) are eliminated by the electrical laboratory workers as part of a visual inspection, prior to testing.

3. Tests and measurements

The work on checking grounding includes:

Measurement of the insulation resistance of grounding conductors inside the building (with the exception of grounding conductors in power cables);
... Measurement of the resistance of the grounding device (loop);
... Measurement of soil resistivity

For measurements, special devices are used, both modern digital and Soviet-style - megohmmeters, which are also used to determine the insulation resistance. The level of grounding resistance must meet the requirements of the PUE, depending on the type of equipment, for example, for a lightning rod, it must not exceed 10 ohms. Before starting the measurements, the entire electrical installation is de-energized.

Measurement of the insulation resistance of grounding wires is carried out to ensure the integrity of their insulating layer. Damaged or dry insulation can cause electric shock, so this check is mandatory.

Then, the resistance is measured from the grounded object to the nearest ground electrode, and if the distance is small, then simply connect the measuring wires at these two points and control the readings of the device. If the distance is significant, then the resistance is measured in the section from the object to the common grounding bus, and since the bus itself retains its properties always the same, then it remains to make a measurement between the bus itself and the nearest ground electrode, making sure that the standards are observed.

Last of all, the soil resistivity is measured using the measuring electrodes immersed in it, and the passage of current between them and the electrodes of the grounding circuit. Thus, they will find out if the soil is able to absorb electricity... For accurate readings, measurements are taken in dry weather or in severe frost, when the soil freezes, because such soil conditions are stable and have maximum resistivity.

Grounding test report

After all the inspections, checks and tests have been carried out, the specialists of the electrical laboratory draw up a "Protocol for measuring the grounding resistance". The protocol is drawn up on the basis of GOST R 50571.16-2007 Low-voltage electrical installations. Part 6. Tests. Appendix H. All information in this document can be figuratively divided into three parts:

Information about the electrical laboratory that conducted the tests and the customer;
... Initial static information;
... Measurement results.

According to GOST, the following information about the electrical laboratory should be reflected in the protocol:

Name and address of the testing laboratory;
... - registration number, date of issue and validity of the accreditation certificate, the name of the accrediting organization that issued the certificate (if any), or a certificate of registration with the state energy supervision authorities.

Also, the protocol reflects information about the customer, installation and design organizations.

Initial information means information about the electrical installation, about the grounding system in particular, as well as data about the soil, air temperature and atmospheric pressure at which the tests were carried out. In other words, this is information about what electrical installation, what devices and under what conditions the tests were carried out.

The results of the check, as a rule, are summarized in a table, which reflects the actual readings of the instruments during the work. In the conclusion, a general conclusion is made on the state of grounding and the names of the specialists who carried out the check are indicated.

ETL Ecolife electrical test reports

The act (protocol) of checking the grounding of equipment at enterprises is used during acceptance tests, control, preventive, etc. Checking the resistance of grounding conductors and grounding devices must be carried out by an organization that has a special license for such events. The form of this protocol is EL-8, in professional circles it is called the act of checking grounding. Let's consider how to fill it in correctly.

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Briefly about checks

According to PTEEP, the frequency of inspections of ground loops (grounding devices) should be 1 time in 6 years. A visual inspection of the visible parts of the device should be carried out once every six months. Checks can be carried out more often, especially if there is a suspicion of a malfunction of the grounding equipment.

The earth resistance test is usually carried out in conjunction with other tests. Its task is to evaluate the protective properties of electrical equipment.

The inspection can be carried out by special organizations that have permits for such work, certified by the Ministry of Energy, and have special laboratories and instruments for carrying out measurements. Employees must undergo appropriate training, testing for knowledge of labor protection, medical examination.

For your information! A grounding device (ground loop) is required to protect workers from electrical shock due to electrical equipment failure. If the system works, then the current through the ground electrode will go for a short period of time. And a dangerous situation at the enterprise will not happen. Therefore, it is important to monitor the condition of grounding devices.

Fill out the act (grounding test protocol)

The heading of the document must contain information about the executing company (name, number of the registration certificate, license number of the Ministry of Energy, how long both licenses are valid) and about the company-customer (name, object address, deadlines).

Then the following data is entered:

  • protocol number;
  • air temperature and humidity:
  • atmosphere pressure;
  • the purposes of the check (acceptance, comparison, control tests, etc.);
  • name of the documents for compliance with which tests were carried out;
  • type and nature of soil;
  • for which electrical installation the grounding device is used;
  • neutral mode;
  • soil resistivity;
  • rated earth fault current.
  1. Number in order.
  2. Grounding purpose.
  3. Place of check.
  4. Distance to potential and current electrodes.
  5. Grounding resistance.
  6. The coefficient is seasonal.
  7. Conclusion: whether the resistance meets the EIC standards or not.

The following table indicates which instruments were used to measure. Enter the following information:

  1. Number in order.
  2. Factory number.
  3. Metrological characteristics of instruments, such as measuring range and accuracy class.
  4. Dates of instrument calibration: when was the last and when will be the next.
  5. Number of the certificate or certificate of verification of the device.
  6. The name of the body that issued the instrument verification certificate.

Then they write a conclusion: whether the resistance meets the standards or not. At the end, the executors and the employee, who checked the correctness of the event and filling out the protocol, sign and indicate their positions. As a rule, you need three signatures: engineers and chief email. laboratories.


Protocol (act) grounding, can only be issued by a company registered in Rostekhnadzor and having a Certificate of registration of an electric laboratory in accordance with the EMP and PTEEP.

PUE-7
1.8.5

act and / or protocol.

PTEEP
3.6.13.

The results of tests, measurements and trials must be issued protocoland / or grounding certificate, which is stored along with the certificates for electrical equipment.

  • Electrical laboratory registration certificate


An electrical laboratory is a complex of special equipment and professional specialists who will perform a wide range of power supply works.

  • The electrical laboratory of the Pushkin Energy and Gas Company is measuring resistance grounding based on current
  • Electrical laboratory registration certificate.
  • Our company works with legal entities and individuals.

We conclude contracts for electric laboratory services, which are documents that clearly determine the cost and timing of work.

You yourself cannot measure the resistance of grounding devices / circuits grounding, since for these tests it is necessary to make protocol (act) measuring the resistance of the grounding device / protective circuit grounding.

Act (protocol) on the contour grounding gas boiler.

act(protocol) on the contour groundinggas boiler. This document should be understood as protocol(act) checking the resistance of grounding conductors and grounding devices. Such a document is drawn up by specialists of the electrical laboratory, which has
state accreditation - registration of the electrical laboratory in Rostekhnadzor. IN protocol (act) the results are entered
measuring the resistance of the grounding device.

How to measure resistance grounding.

  • Resistance test grounding
  • any electrical circuit is based on Ohm’s law for a section of a circuit through which current is passed and its magnitude is measured. A stabilized voltage is applied to the input of the tested circuit.
  • Usually chemical current sources are used for this:
  • - galvanic batteries;
  • - batteries.

Less commonly, rectified voltage from an alternating current network is used.

If the scheme groundingwhole and there are no breaks in it, then the current will overcome the total resistance of the circuit, and its value will be expressed by the ratio I \u003d U / R.

Allowable value of circuit resistance groundinga value not exceeding 10 ohms is considered. Also, electric laboratory specialists check whether the gas boiler is installed and connected correctly from the point of view of the PUE. For example, for many models of gas boilers, incorrect connection of zero and phase to the supply network is critical.

Why do I need to register an electrical laboratory with Rostekhnadzor?

When putting new electrical equipment and electrical installations into operation, during operation or after various emergency situations, it is necessary to carry out a number of electrical measurements and circuit tests grounding, with the issuance of an act - protocol resistance measurements groundingand provide act or a technical report on these tests and measurements.

Make out protocol resistance measurements groundingand / or act Only an electrotechnical laboratory registered with the Rostekhnadzor authorities, with the appropriate permitted list of types of tests and measurements, can.

Registration with Rostekhnadzor, in accordance with the PUE and PTEEP, is required for those electrical laboratories that draw up the appropriate Act and / or protocol on the results of tests and measurements grounding.

Requirements for personnel having permission to measure resistance grounding.

1. To measure the resistance of the protective circuit grounding and testing of electrical equipment allowed personnel,
passed special training and knowledge testing of the Occupational Safety Rules (safety rules) during operation
electrical installations by a commission, which includes equipment testing specialists who have group V - in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V and group IV - in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V.

2. To conduct measurements of the resistance of the protective circuit grounding and testing of electrical equipment, employees are allowed to be at least 18 years old who have passed a preliminary medical examination and do not have contraindications to perform this work.

PUE-7 1.8.5

All measurements, tests and testing in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents, manufacturers' instructions and these standards, made by the personnel of installation and commissioning organizations immediately before putting the electrical equipment into operation, must be drawn up act and / or protocolresistance measurements grounding.

PTEEP 3.6.13
The test and measurement results must be documented protocol or act, which are stored together with the certificates for electrical equipment.

Grounding act/ protocol resistance measurements grounding current spreading ( protocolchecks grounding).


Act / protocol grounding,

resistance measurements grounding current spreading is the main document confirming the quality of the grounding device and the compliance of the system grounding,regulatory documents.

Protocol(grounding certificate) is issued by a certified electrical laboratory licensed by Rostechnadzor.


Pushkinskaya EnergoGas Company carries out work on the manufacture of a protective circuit groundingequipment, with the subsequent issuance of a certified act for the protective circuit grounding / protocol (act) resistance measurements grounding.

Protective circuit device grounding.


All contacts are connected to the bus groundingwhich is inside the shield.

  • The live parts are connected to the main ground bus to protect all groups of electrical appliances. Although the bus is the most important part of the EMS, there are many other parts to its design.
  • It is important to note that the tire is zero or grounding made of high strength metal alloy or metal.

All grounding elements with system groundinginterconnected via a bus.

Grounding device / protective circuit grounding used to protect a person’s life if he touches live conductors of electrical equipment or other live objects. The electrical safety of buildings and portable equipment is ensured by the following operational functions of the grounding element:


Current overload is an emergency fire hazardous mode in which a current exceeding the rated value for which this element is designed (a wire, cable, electrical protection device and systems grounding).

Act grounding / protocol resistance measurements grounding -it is a document confirming the safety of the network and allowing the use of the electrical system of the facility by people.

Before putting the facility into operation on a “turn-key” basis and after carrying out the entire spectrum of necessary electrical work, the new electrical system needs to be checked for operability, reliability and safety. During such studies, specialists check all elements of the system. grounding

Resistance test groundingperformed in order to assess the condition of grounding devices and insulation. Grounding devices must be operational, because only in this case the current from damaged equipment will go to the ground through the protective electrodes grounding.

Protocol(grounding certificate grounding.

In particular, these include the measurement of the value of soil resistance, as well as the results of visual inspection and technical analysis of the structure of this system. grounding.

The value of soil resistivity is the initial and fundamental parameter when carrying out resistance calculations grounding... The more this indicator is, the more ground electrodes will need to be installed in order to achieve the required resistance value grounding... When calculating the grounding device, you need to know the exact value of the soil resistivity in the specific place where the contour will be created grounding.

  • Soil resistivity depends on many factors:
  • - temperature;
  • - humidity;
  • - composition, structure and compaction of the soil;
  • - time of year;
  • - the presence of salts, alkaline and acidic residues.

Accurate measurement of soil resistivity allows significant savings on the organization of the structure grounding... On the one hand, there is no need to install extra ground electrodes, on the other hand, there is no need to carry out additional measures after the completion of construction and commissioning of the facility, aimed at expanding (increasing) grounding devices - an additional protective circuit grounding... To obtain the most reliable result, measurements should be carried out throughout the year, separately for each season.

Provided by protocol(grounding certificate) measuring the resistance of the protective circuit groundingis one of the steps towards concluding an Agreement for the supply of electricity to your home, as well as an Agreement for the supply of gas, if the facility uses volatile equipment.

How is protocol (grounding certificate) measuring loop resistance grounding?

At the very beginning, laboratory staff conduct a visual inspection of the contour groundingTo do this, they must scan every inch of it for breaks, thinning and other defects that could disrupt the normal characteristics of the conductor.


Protocol (grounding certificate) measuring loop resistance groundingmay also require a more detailed study, which includes tapping the main elements and joints with a hammer - when struck with a copper-plated tool, the tears produce a dull rattle sound, which is a danger signal and indicates the need for repair of the structure grounding.

In addition, it is necessary to conduct a technical analysis of the formed system. grounding/ contour designs grounding - for this, the main electrical circuits presented in the project are studied.

What measurements include protocol (grounding certificate) loop resistance grounding?



Protocol (grounding certificate) measuring loop resistance
groundingissued based on a comparison of the actual value and the normative. Resistance tester grounding at the same time, it must be very carefully calibrated - for this it is better to invite specialists, and not to carry out such work independently. A qualified professional can give you a guarantee of the received resistance measurement data. grounding.


What parameters are determined during the loop circuit test? grounding.

1. Resistance to spreading of circuit current groundingand grounding devices.

  • This circuit parameter groundingmeasured:
  • - at power plants and substations - after installation of a grounding device, overhaul and re-equipment. At substations of overhead lines distribution voltage no more than 35 kV circuit check grounding held at least once every 12 years;
  • - on the grounding devices of the tanks (as well as devices for protecting the object from static electricity) - during the overhaul period. Resistance Test Frequency grounding - every three years;
  • - on lightning protection grounding devices (buildings, structures, tanks and tank farms) - every year before the storm season;
  • - on overhead lines - after installation, repairs and operation of at least one inspection per year.
  • 2. Grounding connections with circuit elements grounding (metal connection).

Such a check is performed by tapping the joints with a hammer and visually inspecting the chain to identify breaks and other defects in the circuit circuit grounding... At this stage of design verification groundingthe resistance of the contact resistance is measured.

On a good contact circuit connection groundingresistance does not exceed 0.05 ohms.


The frequency of checking metal bonds in such areas of the chain grounding checked at least once every three years. Transient coupling resistance of elements groundingwith a grounding device should not exceed 0.03 Ohm.

5. Soil resistivity - checked before starting the development of project documentation and after the installation of the grounding device and its connection to the protective circuit grounding.

Soil resistivity standards are not established. If the resistivity of the protective circuit grounding is more than 100 Ohm * m, it is allowed to increase the resistance rate of ground electrodes by 0.01 times.

  • The main task of any system grounding/ protective circuit grounding:

- it is the protection of people from possible electric shock and electrical equipment connected to the network, from short circuits and failure.


System grounding (protective circuit grounding) is necessary to connect to the ground certain parts of the electrical system that are not energized. An electric current may appear on such elements, in the event of any wiring faults, it is such situations that are most dangerous to the life and health of people.

System task grounding/ circuit protective grounding is to promptly remove the electric charge from the wiring elements into the ground and reduce the likelihood of a person being hit by electricity. This task is possible only if a route is organized for the movement of electricity along the contour groundingwith the least resistance, which will lead the charge into the ground. That is why the level of loop resistance groundingshould be as low as possible.

To maintain the system grounding/ protective circuit grounding in functional condition and excluding the probability of occurrence of the probability of dangerous situations for all
the inhabitants of your home checking system grounding should be carried out not only in the process of commissioning and research, before the commissioning of a power supply project for a residential building or other structure, but also at regular intervals during the use of the facility, and in this case the system grounding by people.

Professional verification of resistance measurement parameters groundingat various sites.


At the same time, there are some rules for testing the protective circuit groundingcharacteristic for any objects. Any check begins with a visual inspection by specialists of the elements of the grounding circuit of the system. grounding/ circuit protective groundinglocated above the ground and not hidden by the structural elements of the building. After that, the masters tap hand tools joints of system elements grounding/ circuit protective grounding, and also look for possible defects or mechanical damage on parts of the structure of the grounding.


Actgrounding/ protocol circuit resistance measurements groundinggas boiler.

First of all, consider a document like protocol (grounding certificate) measuring loop resistance groundinggas boiler. This name is adopted for use in various bodies and organizations responsible for checking the compliance of all construction work with uniform requirements, although it is not technical.

The full title of such a document is “ Protocol (grounding certificate) checking the resistances of ground electrodes and grounding devices ”, but it is usually not used by gas services. In gas services, as a rule, this document is called - grounding certificate.

The question immediately arises: why is it necessary to equip the protective circuit grounding at home? At first glance, the answer to this question is obvious.

Correctly installed safety circuit grounding, will reliably protect you in the house from any electric shock, in the event of: failure of various electrical appliances, short circuits and natural disasters such as thunderstorms or floods.

Grounding act/protocolresistance measurements grounding

Another thing is that, in addition to the established general circuit of the protective grounding at home, the gas service will definitely require the installation of an additional circuit grounding for gas equipment and relevant documentation that would confirm the existence of such grounding -this is grounding certificate/ protocolresistance measurements grounding.

  • Here you need to carefully read the instructions and regulations that apply specifically to the gas industry in order to find answers to all kinds of circuit structures that arise during the installation process. grounding questions.

According to this instruction, for gas connection, resistance grounding/ circuit protective grounding should be no more than 10 ohms. This must be confirmed by a special act. grounding - grounding act / protocolresistance measurements grounding electric laboratories.

To connect a gas boiler, gas services require andkt(protocol) to the contour s grounding gas boiler. "

This document should be understood as “ Protocol (act grounding and grounding devices ". Such a document is drawn up by specialists of an electrotechnical laboratory that has state accreditation.

IN protocol(act) checking the resistance of the circuit groundingthe results of measuring the resistance of the grounding device are recorded. Allowable circuit resistance groundinga value not exceeding 10 ohms is considered.

Also, electrical laboratory specialists check whether the gas boiler is installed and connected correctly from the point of view of the PUE. For example, for many models of gas boilers, the correct connection of the zero and the phase of the supply network is critical.

Household gas is a source of serious danger. At a certain concentration, the mixture of gas and air becomes explosive. The slightest spark can cause an explosion or fire. Therefore, very strict requirements are imposed on gas equipment.

Gas services strictly monitor compliance with all standards when connecting gas equipment and connecting this equipment to the circuit of the protective circuit grounding... This fully applies to gas boilers.

A reliable system is one of the most important requirements grounding all metal parts of gas equipment, potential equalization between them and other pipelines and metal structures.

Installation (installation) of a special additional system grounding.

It is well known that for the reliable functioning of all household appliances in the house, one protective circuit is sufficient grounding... If a special optional system is installed groundingfor a gas boiler, then it must be connected to the main element grounding, and the boiler and pipes must be connected to the potential equalization system (PFC).

To this protective system groundingall conductive materials must be connected, for example: plasterboard frames, plumbing fixtures and pipes, as well as any metal cases of household appliances used in the house. This, of course, also applies to gas equipment.

Be sure to remember that the gas inlet pipe must be connected to the potential equalization system of the structure groundingwith a special conductor having a cross section of at least 4 sq. mm. For a gas boiler, one grounding conductor is sufficient, which is included in the wire. If the boiler has a separate protective circuit terminal grounding, it should also be connected to the SPC.

If you don't make the system groundingfor gas equipment, the following consequences are possible.


When performing electrical work, you should also provide a potential equalization box of the protective system groundingin the boiler room, if such is assumed in the project, and also lead the grounding conductor from the shield to the place of the gas pipe entry. Moreover, such a conductor grounding must have an appropriate section.

Installation instructions for the structure groundingfor gas equipment.

Before starting the main work, you need to take care of creating an independent outer contour. grounding close to the building.

Shrinkwrap groundingis performed in the following order:


As a protective circuit groundingit is recommended to use natural grounding conductors, for example, water pipes and other metal pipes - sewer pipes and central heating or boreholes, metal or reinforced concrete structures of buildings and other structures in contact with the ground. From these structures, you can make a tap by welding to provide the necessary cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe connection. In this case, the grounding conductor of the structure grounding there can be strip steel with a cross section of at least 48 sq. mm with a thickness of 4 mm or a steel angle with a shelf thickness of at least 2.5 sq. mm. During installation of the protective circuit grounding for a gas boiler, you should follow the instructions and requirements of the electrical laboratory and gas service.

It is imperative to consult with highly qualified and experienced specialists, since the existing regulatory documents and grounding certificate / protocol resistance measurements grounding sometimes very contradictory or inaccurately expresses all the requirements for installing a protective circuit grounding... For example, a clear point about the need to install an additional protective circuit grounding, when connecting the gas supply to an individual residential building, not in a single document. Perhaps this requirement should be looked for in the territorial regulations.

When installing a gas boiler, the main thing is to ensure the safe operation of this vital important device... If all the rules and regulations are observed, the gas services will issue all the necessary documents and permits without unnecessary red tape, and will issue grounding certificate/ protocol resistance measurements grounding.

Before putting the facility into operation and after carrying out the full range of necessary electrical work, the new electrical system needs to be checked for operability, reliability and safety. During such studies, specialists check all elements of the system, including the system of the protective circuit groundingproviding its functionality and guaranteeing its safe use by residents of the house or employees of the enterprise.

Based on the results of the research, the checking specialists draw up a package of documents containing actgrounding/

protocolcontour measurement groundingand another necessary act, confirming the safety of the network and allowing the use of the electrical system of the facility by people.

  • The principle of protective grounding.
  • Protective action grounding based on the following principles.
  1. Reduction to a safe value of the potential difference between the grounded conductive object and other conductive objects having a natural grounding.
  2. Leakage current drainage when a grounded conductive object comes into contact with a phase conductor. In a properly designed system, the occurrence of a leakage current leads to an immediate trip of protective devices (RCDs).

Thus, grounding the most effective only in combination with the use of residual current devices. In this case, with most insulation violations, the potential on grounded objects will not exceed safe values. Moreover, the faulty part of the network will be disconnected for a very short time (tenths ... hundredths of a second - the response time of the RCD).

System operation grounding in case of electrical faults.

A typical case of a malfunction of electrical equipment is the ingress of phase voltage onto the metal casing of the device, which means that a person can also be exposed to voltage due to insulation failure.

Depending on what protective measures are implemented, and most importantly, how the protective circuit is made groundingelectrical equipment, the following options are possible.


  1. The case is not grounded to the protective circuit. grounding, RCD is absent (the most dangerous option).
  2. The body of the device will be at phase potential and this will not be detected in any way. Touching such a malfunctioning device can be deadly.

  3. The body is connected to the loop grounding, RCD is missing. If the leakage current in the phase-housing-grounding circuit (design grounding) is large enough (exceeds the threshold for the fuse protecting this circuit), then the fuse will blow and disconnect the circuit. The largest effective voltage (relative to earth) on the grounded case will be Umax \u003d RG · IF, where RG is the grounding resistance, IF is the current at which the fuse protects this circuit. This option is not safe enough, since with a high resistance of the circuit grounding and with large fuse ratings, the potential on a grounded conductor can reach quite significant values. For example, with a 4 ohm grounding resistance and a 25 A fuse, the potential can reach 100 volts.

  4. The body is not connected to the safety circuit. grounding, RCD is installed. The body of the device will be at phase potential and this will not be detected until there is a path for the leakage current to pass. In the worst case, a leak will occur through the body of a person touching both a faulty device and an object that has natural grounding. The RCD disconnects the network section with a malfunction as soon as a leak occurs. A person will receive only a short-term electric shock (0.01 ÷ 0.3 seconds - the operation time of the RCD), which, as a rule, is not harmful to health.
  5. The body is connected to the loop grounding, RCD is installed. This is the safest option, since the two protective measures are mutually complementary. When the phase hits
    voltage to a grounded conductor - current flows from the phase conductor through a violation of insulation to the grounding conductor of the circuit groundingand further into the ground. The RCD immediately detects this leak, even if it is very insignificant (usually the sensitivity threshold of the RCD is 10 mA or 30 mA), and quickly (0.01 ÷ 0.3 seconds) turns off the network section with a fault.

In addition, if the leakage current is large enough (exceeds the trip threshold of the fuse protecting this circuit), then the fuse may also blow. Which one exactly protective device (RCD or fuse) disconnects the circuit - depends on their speed and leakage current. It is also possible for both devices to trigger.

Sign protocol (grounding certificate) measurementsresistance grounding…

Issue a passport on the protective circuit grounding, and therefore to carry out all the necessary electrical measurements, tests of grounding devices and ground electrodes, as well as draw up and sign protocol (grounding certificate) resistance measurements groundingonly a certified electrical laboratory is entitled, which has all the necessary permits.

Registration of an electrical laboratory.

Many are interested in the question: is it necessary for an electric laboratory to join an SRO? Of course, yes. The point here is this: when putting new electrical equipment into operation, after accidents, during operation, it is necessary to carry out appropriate measurements, after which a special grounding certificate/ protocol resistance measurements grounding.

Give out grounding certificate/ protocol resistance measurements grounding can only that ETL, which has been registered with the bodies of Rostechnadzor, where it received permission to carry out certain measurements.


Rostekhnadzor issues a certificate of registration of the electric laboratory at its legal address. It is valid for three years absolutely throughout Russia. After its completion, each electrical laboratory is interested in its extension.

The procedure for reissuing an electrical laboratory is completely similar to registration. The manager collects all the necessary documents and submits them to Rostechnadzor for verification.

What is an electrical laboratory?

Electrotechnical laboratory is a modern electrotechnical organization that provides a certain range of services related to electrical measurements of the entire electrical network, as well as systems groundingin offices, manufacturing, shopping centers, houses and apartments.

She can carry out various types of work aimed at checking any equipment, which is powered from the network, and at the end of the checks, an ETL specialist will issue protocol(actgrounding) checking the protective circuit grounding.

The electrical laboratory is a unified system that measures the resistance of the protective circuit grounding, which includes:

The electrical laboratory must be registered with Rostekhnadzor. Only under this condition the company is allowed to issue protocol (act) tests and make up and issue grounding act / protocol resistance measurements groundingother organizations. Registration of the laboratory is not required only for those organizations that do not draw up technical reports and do not issue relevant acts, including grounding act / protocol resistance measurements groundingother companies.

Also, according to PTEEP, there are certain requirements for the personnel who measure the resistance of the protective circuit grounding... Specialists must have the necessary knowledge, confirmed by tests, the right to carry out such studies and an appropriate group for electrical safety.

It should be noted that the PUE clearly states that, in accordance with the existing regulatory and technical documents, the instructions of the manufacturing plants and the current standards, the acceptance measurements made by the personnel groundingpreceding the direct commissioning of electrical equipment must be accompanied by correctly drawn up protocols and acts, including - grounding act / protocol resistance measurements grounding.

The resistance of the grounding device and protocol (grounding certificate) checking the insulation resistance of the structure grounding.

Resistance value groundingmust not exceed the allowable resistance value, for different types systems grounding... These values \u200b\u200bare indicated in PUE 1.7.101 (7th ed.). Standards SO-153-34.21.122-2003, RD.34.21.122-87 prescribes regulatory values \u200b\u200bfor devices
lightning protection. In electrical installations, the protective circuit grounding and grounding protect people from electric shock when touching metal, non-conductive parts, can be energized as a result of damage to the insulation.

Protective contour grounding made for metal parts of electrical installations, accessible for human touch and not having other types of protection.

Structural resistance check grounding/ contour of the grounding.

Resistance test grounding and grounding devices - carried out in accordance with the normative technical documentation PUE 1.7.101 (7th ed.), Standard SO-153-34.21.122-2003, RD.34.21.122-87, which prescribes standard values \u200b\u200bfor lightning protection devices.

So, the cases of electric machines, transformers, fixtures and other non-current-carrying parts can be energized when shorted to the case. If the housing is not connected to the safety circuit grounding, then touching it is just as dangerous as touching the phase. When the body is grounded, the current through the human body, when it touches the body, will be less, the less the earth fault current and the resistance of the structure circuit grounding, and the closer a person is to the ground electrode.

Grounding device / circuitgrounding is a set of conductors and grounding conductors. Earthing switch or protective circuitgrounding is a conductor or a collection of metal bonded conductors in contact with the ground that are connected to the bus grounding.

Measurement of insulation resistance of elements grounding.

Equipment cable conductors groundingseparated by a special insulating sheath. With the best option, its resistance reaches infinity. But in practice, the opposite is true. When a voltage is applied between such conductors, an electric current is generated, which is called a “leakage current”. In the event that the insulation of the wires is broken, this can cause a short circuit and, as a result, lead to fire. But if you carry out timely monitoring, measure the insulation resistance of the wiring elements grounding, then this will avoid serious consequences.

Insulation quality of elements grounding, determines the degree of safety in the operation of electrical networks and electrical equipment. An important indicator, determining its integrity and the degree of deterioration, is the insulation resistance. Therefore, any check of the condition of the insulation involves the measurement of this characteristic. The frequency of such inspections is determined by the regulations of Rostekhnadzor, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other regulatory bodies.

The frequency of insulation measurements is as follows:

  • at hazardous production facilities and in outdoor electrical installations, insulation resistance measurements are carried out at least once a year;
  • in administrative and residential buildings every three years.

The result of the work of the electrical laboratory after testing and measurements is the preparation of a document on the results of the work - protocol (grounding certificate) resistance measurements grounding... This document contains measurement results, each of which has a strictly defined form about the compliance of the measured results with the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.

The result of the work of the electric laboratory may be a technical report containing protocol (grounding certificate) circuit resistance measurements grounding.. Also, the report can be presented as a single protocol (act) with measurement readings for each type of work on resistance measurement grounding... However, this does not change the basic requirements for the presentation of results. For the convenience of description, we will dwell on the first option - the completion of work on checking elements groundingelectrical installations in the form of an act / protocol per system grounding in the technical report on electrical measurements and as a result - the electrical equipment EARTHED.

According to the results of resistance measurements grounding…

  1. If the results of resistance measurements groundingdon't match
    normative indications, then the soil resistivity is measured.
  2. If the measured value is within acceptable limits, then you can increase the number or length of vertical elements grounding.
  3. If the resistance is unsatisfactory groundingis the result of a large soil resistivity, it may be decided to use the device grounding with increased resistance value.

In some cases, the defect is "high resistance grounding»Can be corrected using special chemical compositionsdesigned to reduce soil resistivity.

Drawing up a technical report.

Technical report after measuring system resistance groundingYour home or other building always starts with a title page. It indicates the company logo and the details of the electrical laboratory. The name of the customer's organization, the full address and the name of the object are also indicated. Be sure to set the date the system resistance measurements were taken groundingand printing of an electric laboratory.

Following the title page in the technical report measuring the resistance of the system groundingthere is content, and for the acceptance report, it is followed by a passport of the facility, where the customer, address and name of the facility are duplicated, as well as links to the electrical installation project, design organization, conditions and goals of the system tests grounding.

In the event of violations in the electrical installation of the object, after carrying out work on testing and measuring the resistance of the protective circuit grounding the specialist of the Pushkin Energy and Gas Company will issue a statement indicating all defects and recommendations for their elimination, and after their elimination is issued act grounding / protocol resistance measurements grounding.

An experienced electrician will perform any work on the replacement of elements grounding, as well as connecting electrical appliances.


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