Putting out fires in the basements of buildings. Features of extinguishing fires in the basement of buildings: the most important aspects Fire tactics basements

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Fighting a fire in a basement Basements of buildings and structures have different purposes. As a rule, in the basements there are heating and other pipelines, boilers, boiler rooms, warehouses... In industrial buildings - communications related to the provision of technological process... When a fire breaks out in the basement, a high temperature and dense smoke are created, the smoke spreads to the higher rooms, posing a threat to human life. Fire may spread through ventilation ducts, hatches, shafts, assembly and other openings. The conduct of hostilities is hampered by a complex layout, the lack of a sufficient number of openings and entrances, in unlit and smoky basements.

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When extinguishing a fire in the basement, it is necessary to organize reconnaissance of the basement and the premises located above, during which to establish the presence of a threat to human life and immediately organize work to rescue them, as well as to identify the possibility of fire spreading horizontally and vertically, to take measures to reduce the smoke content of the premises, by closing or opening door and window openings, smoke hatches, installing lintels. The commander of the fire department must constantly remember about the possible collapse of building structures and the need to ensure safe working conditions for the personnel, therefore, simultaneously with the actions to stop the combustion, it is necessary to intensively cool the structures, turn off the power grids, organize a clear work of the security post or the GDZS checkpoint.

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Methods for extinguishing fires in basements are different. This is extinguishing with water, foam and powder barrels with their direct introduction into the fire, filling the basement with foam, carbon dioxide and other inert gas, in some cases - filling the basement with water. If it is impossible to penetrate through the existing openings to the combustion center, fire extinguishing agents are introduced through the openings specially made in the ceiling. The fire is rapidly developing along the combustible structures of corridors and galleries, especially if combustible materials, synthetic pile coverings, films were used to decorate interiors and interiors. The speed of fire propagation in such premises towards open openings can reach 7-8 m / min.

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Extinguishing a fire on floors When extinguishing a fire on floors, especially in rooms with one exit, including apartments in residential buildings, it is often necessary to rescue people. On the second and third floors, along with the use of internal stairwells in some cases for lifting firefighters, fire technical equipment, extinguishing means and evacuation of people use manual fire escapes. Starting from the fourth floor, firefighters' actions to extinguish fires are significantly complicated. Often, in case of fires in buildings where there are no non-smoky main escape routes, staircases become smoky, and people, being on the third and higher floors, cannot leave the danger zone on their own. Auto ladders are used to carry out rescue operations on the fourth and higher floors. However, due to the limited extension of the ladders, they cannot fully satisfy the needs of the fire brigade when extinguishing fires in houses above 15 floors. Articulated car lifts, which can raise the work platform to the level of the fire floor, have proven themselves well in fighting fires on building floors. The use of ladders and articulated lifts is sometimes limited also due to the lack of platforms and entrances, uneven terrain and for a number of other reasons. Upon arrival at the site of the fire, the extinguishing leader must conduct reconnaissance in the burning floor, in the higher and lower floors and in the attic. Find out the presence of people who are in danger, danger, determine the ways and means of their rescue. Fire reconnaissance is carried out in respiratory and vision protection equipment. Groups of firefighters allocated for reconnaissance are provided with a hose line with a barrel. During the reconnaissance, the power and lighting networks are turned off.

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The greatest danger when extinguishing a fire on floors is the spread of fire in the vertical direction: through ventilation channels or hollow partitions, therefore, the head of extinguishing the fire, revealing the presence of ventilation unit and hollow partitions, should take measures to quickly disassemble ventilation ducts or partitions in the necessary places in order to form a gap and prevent the transfer of fire to the upper floors. The exit of heated dense smoke from under the skirting boards and various openings in structures can serve as a guideline for hidden fires in ceilings, partition walls and ventilation ducts. To find open foci of combustion, feel the floor in the most likely burning areas. Combustion spots located under the plaster layer are detected by yellowing or collapse of the plaster. When latent combustion is detected in the hollow structures of partitions and ventilation ducts, reconnaissance is carried out on all higher floors and the attic. In modern residential buildings with a sectional layout, the development of a fire ends, as a rule, in one apartment and less often in a section. But there are cases of fire spreading to adjacent sections and to higher floors, even with non-combustible intersection walls and interfloor ceilings through the holes in the pipes central heatingas well as plumbing, sewer pipes, elevator shafts to the outer fence.

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Fighting fires in attics The attic space is the part of the space between the roof and the attic floor. The roof and attic floor are the main enclosing structures of attic spaces. The supporting structures of the roof can be made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal, and sheet steel, tiles, roofing felt, roofing felt, etc. are used as roofing materials. Usually, ventilation ducts and chambers are placed in the attic. heating network and other engineering equipment... The use of combustible insulation, as well as the storage of various property increases the fire load of attics and creates favorable conditions for the rapid development of a fire. In addition, the constant movement of air through the windows contributes to the development of a fire in attics. Exits to the attic are eliminated from public staircases and fire escapes. A fire in the attic can take big sizes even before the arrival of fire brigades due to late detection and high speed of fire spreading over combustible structures. Burning attic floors is usually accompanied by dense smoke not only in the attic, but also in stairwells. At the same time, there is a threat of fire spreading to the floors below.

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The attic space is a hard-to-reach part of the building, therefore, when conducting reconnaissance, special attention is paid to the study of staircases with access to the attic and external fire escapes. The place of the most intense combustion is determined by external signs: protruding flame tongues, intense smoke emission from under the cornices and dormers. In the course of intelligence they find out design features the attic and the location of the ventilation chambers, as well as the possibility of fire spreading through them. For reconnaissance, marching and stationary fire escapes are used. When a fire develops with a simultaneous burning of the attic floor and roof structures, the firefighters are fighting to protect the floors. To do this, the roof is opened closer to the cornice from the windward side, not far from the place of combustion. The attic floor is often opened from the bottom, from the upper floor. The first trunks for extinguishing a fire in attics are usually served along internal stairs. To extinguish a fire, water jets from overlapping shafts and medium expansion foam are used. The subsequent supply of trunks to the fire is carried out through the attic windows and holes prepared at the cornice, along automobile, outdoor, retractable ladders and articulated lifts.

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To protect the upper floors, overhead shafts are provided for them. The roof is also opened to release smoke, lower the temperature, and let the trunks enter the attic. Extinguishing fires is carried out at a height and steep roof slopes, which requires special precautions, observance of labor protection and safety rules. High temperatures and dense smoke complicate the working conditions for extinguishing a fire in attics. The accumulation of workers in the attic and on the roof is unacceptable, the autopsy work is performed by small groups of two or three people. It is recommended to move along the roof along the ridge. When extinguishing fires in attic spaces, it is not recommended to use the elevator to lift firefighters and equipment to the height, as it may stop at any time due to a power outage in the building.

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Basements of buildings and structures have different purposes.

As a rule, in the basements there are heating and other pipelines, boiler rooms, boiler rooms, storage rooms. In industrial buildings - communications related to the provision of the technological process. When a fire breaks out in the basement, a high temperature and dense smoke are created, the smoke spreads to the higher rooms, posing a threat to human life. Fire may spread through ventilation ducts, hatches, shafts, assembly and other openings. The conduct of hostilities is hampered by a complex layout, the lack of a sufficient number of openings and entrances, in unlit and smoky basements.

The fire brigade commander must constantly be aware of a possible collapse building structures and the need to ensure safe working conditions for personnel, therefore, simultaneously with actions to stop burning, extinguishing fires in basements are different. This is extinguishing with water, foam and powder barrels with their direct introduction into the fire, filling the basement with foam, carbon dioxide and other inert gas, in some cases - filling the basement with water. If it is impossible to penetrate through the existing openings to the combustion center, fire extinguishing agents must be intensively cooled structures, disconnected from the power grid, and organized a clear work of the security post or the GDZS checkpoint. Techniques are introduced through openings specially made in the ceiling.

In the basements:

Carry out extinguishing by means of the GDZS in several directions, direct the main forces and means directly to extinguish the fire center and at the same time to protect the first floor;

Organize communications to control the extinguishing and rescue forces;

Take measures to clarify the layout of the basement, the nature of the stored materials, structural elements of the floor, the likelihood of the threat of fire spreading into the floors of the building;

Provide, first of all, the supply of foam shafts, and in their absence - sprayed and compact jets of water with wetting agents;

When entering the basement, use finely sprayed water to lower the temperature in the volume and precipitate smoke;

Take measures to prevent smoke from stairwells, using free openings of the building, lintels and smoke removal means;

Recently, more and more often it can be noticed that basements are used not only for their intended purpose (heating and water pressure control system), but also as storage places for various things / goods. Moreover, basements are often used to store technical equipment. All this leaves its mark on the causes of fires in basements and on the methods of extinguishing them. Basements are often the center of the accumulation of life support systems for a building, be it a system telephone connection, internet, water supply and heating system, etc. In addition, it must be borne in mind that basements are often cramped, with low ceilings, and have a small area. According to statistics, the average height of basement ceilings is at the level of 150-200 centimeters, which means that in such conditions it is not always possible to be at full height, which adds discomfort. Basements in the vast majority of cases do not have access to natural light, because often they simply do not have windows, and artificial lighting with lamps is often insufficient. And, of course, not all basements can boast of an air ventilation system, due to which, during a fire, they can accumulate carbon monoxide... If the basement has a ventilation system connected to the building, then the occurrence of a fire directly in the basement leads to smoke on the upper floors and staircases.

A feature of fires in confined spaces is their increased temperature, which can lead to melting of some metals, which would never have happened in a fire in an open or ventilated space. In addition to increasing the temperature of the burning environment, confined spaces contribute to the accumulation of harmful substances, including those appearing as a result of the combustion process. If the fire in the basement is not quickly extinguished, then there is a serious risk of its spread through the communication systems throughout the building.

Fire extinguishing in basements

If smoke comes out of the basement, then it is worth calling the firefighters without delay. Firefighters arriving at the scene of the fire must first of all localize the area of \u200b\u200bfire, thereby preventing the fire from spreading. After that, the firefighters begin to extinguish the very hearth of the fire. Before any work related to extinguishing fires, fire service employees must, without fail, protect people in a burning building. If this requires their evacuation, then evacuation is carried out, according to the rules fire safety... The next stage of the fire brigade in fighting a fire in the basement is to remove smoke and take measures related to lowering the temperature of the burning environment. To start putting out a fire, the fire brigade needs to figure out what type of fire they are dealing with. There are several main categories of fires: A, B, C, D, E, and depending on which category the firefighters have to deal with, the extinguishing strategy is chosen. It is preferable to extinguish some fires with water, others with a foam solution, others with powder, and the fourth with a gas composition. In many respects, the choice of the extinguishing agent (OTV) determines the composition of the burning materials. Firefighters should familiarize themselves with the plan of the burning room and the entire structure in order to correctly predict further actions. The area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the presence of flammable liquids and materials is determined. All these nuances are carefully studied before the immediate crime of extinguishing the fire.

If the descent into the basement involves the use of stairs, then firefighters use safety equipment. One of the most important steps before extinguishing a fire is to determine its source and cause. The sooner firefighters understand the cause of a fire and find its source, the faster and more successfully they will extinguish it. Firefighters can gain access to water either through an internal fire pipeline, with pre-installed fire hydrants (PCs), or directly by connecting fire hoses to a tank with a fire engine capacity. We can also mention fire extinguishers, but, as practice shows, if the fire flared up so much that it was necessary to call the fire services, the forces of the fire extinguisher can no longer cope here, because A fire extinguisher is mainly needed to fight a fire at an early stage, when a small fire has not yet turned into a fire that has engulfed a large area. If there are open and natural or special fire reservoirs near the object of extinguishing, then through a fire hydrant you can connect to these water sources. The direction and distance in meters to the hydrant should be indicated by special warning signs with arrows and numbers.

The place of work of fire brigades is cordoned off in order to prevent and notify about the danger of people entering the danger zone, because a fire on one side of a building does not always manifest itself on the other side, and people passing by may feel safe. If there are victims, they are provided with the necessary medical assistance in a timely manner. In the event of a prolonged fire, instructions prescribe the creation of a special headquarters, where all the necessary information is collected, and responsible persons are appointed for various processes in the fight against the fire. To extinguish a basement fire as efficiently and safely as possible, one fire brigade fights the fire directly in the basement, while the other goes to the floor above to prevent the spread of smoke flames. In the process of fighting a fire, the person in charge can initiate the evacuation of citizens in the building if he considers that the fire poses a serious danger to their health. When evacuating, you must adhere to fire safety rules and avoid panic, because this can provoke a crush and lead to casualties. According to fire safety instructions, all windows and other exits in a burning building must be kept open in order to speed up the process of fuming. When extinguishing a fire in basements, firefighters prefer small-sized equipment, because the limited space of basements often does not allow the use of another. Select compact fire nozzles with spray nozzles, foam generators, etc.

Preventive measures

As many of us know, there is no smoke without fire. So in the event of a fire in the basement, there is always its cause. To avoid a fire in the basement, it is important to monitor the life support systems and communications in it, including the general condition of the basement. All electrical appliances connected to the network in the basement must be in good working order and periodically checked. The same goes for wiring, which is often the root cause of many fires. Instead of twisting and extending the wires several times, it is safer to replace the entire wiring as a whole. the more twists and adhesions in the chain section, the less reliable the entire wire system is, and sooner or later it can give an unwanted spark, followed by a fire. Due consideration must be given to basement lighting systems. Very often you can observe a picture when an incandescent light bulb dangles on a sagging wire. In conditions of dampness or short circuit, this can lead to a spark, and if, at the same time, flammable materials or liquids are stored in the basement, then a fire is almost inevitable, because all the conditions necessary for this have already been created. Therefore, all flammable liquids and flammable materials should be stored in a basement in a separate isolated room to minimize the possible risks of fire.

If there are windows in the basement, there must be free access to them, they must not be blocked. The same goes for doors and walkways. The life of a person can depend on how quickly and easily you can move in the basement. Basements are an important element in the construction of the entire building. A severe fire in the basement can spread to other floors, causing the entire building to ignite. For this reason, it is very important to follow simple fire safety rules.

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Basements can have various purposes, but are most often used as warehouses, as well as boiler rooms or boilers. During production, they contain equipment responsible for regulating the working process, various technical devices. Therefore, special attention should be paid to extinguishing fires in basements.

Basement features

Extinguishing fires in the basements of buildings is complicated not only by the actual location of communications and support devices in them, but also by some features, which are area, location, low traffic. Extinguishing fires in such rooms is hindered by several factors, which include:

Most often, partitions in the basement of buildings are made of non-combustible materials. The slabs are located low from the ground level, which makes it difficult to create additional “passages” for evacuation.

The basement is usually connected to the rest of the building through an elevator shaft or staircase. The basements have a common waste chute system with the rest of the building and are connected by ventilation. All this leads to smoke on the upper floors in the event of a fire in the basement.

Fire characteristics

The architectural features of the basements, just like their location, determine the specifics of fires. A basement fire is characterized by an even greater rise in ambient temperature than fires on an open surface.

The lack of proper ventilation leads to an increase in the concentration of harmful substances in the air. Any fire leads to air pollution, to its toxicity, however, in conditions of limited space and ventilation, this problem is most acute.

With the development of a fire, the density of smoke and airborne combustion products increases significantly, which leads to a threat of smoke to the entire room. Through the created pressure, smoke spreads throughout the building even through small cracks and openings, resulting in an additional danger to people.

In addition, fire can spread to upper floors, as communications networks, wires and other objects are highly flammable. If the fire cannot be localized immediately, the entire building is likely to ignite.

Fire brigade tasks

The actions of firefighters in the basements of buildings should be aimed at the earliest possible localization of the fire and the subsequent elimination of the fire. In this case, it is important to prevent smoke and structures collapse.

First of all, firefighters are required to:

ensure the safety of citizens in the room, up to the complete evacuation of the entire building;
reduce the air temperature in the basement and ensure smoke extraction;
localize and eliminate the fire.

Intelligence and communications play an important role in the suppression of fires in basements. Communication is necessary to ensure the well-coordinated work of the entire calculation, to coordinate actions, and reconnaissance, in turn, is necessary to ensure the collection of information about the state of the fire, its stage and features. Based on the data obtained, firefighting tactics, tools and methods used are selected.

Basement fire reconnaissance should provide information on the presence or absence of flammable and flammable substances. The layout of the room, its approximate area, the presence of other objects, the features of the room and floors are found out

It is also necessary to determine the possible source of fire and its cause, as well as the features of neighboring premises and the possibility of creating additional places air discharge.

Actions of the fire brigade when extinguishing

Putting out fires in basements begins with exploration. Descent to the basement is carried out by stairs with feet forward, it is permissible to "slide" sideways. It is possible to descend through the window, but you must use a belay. It is important to find out possible options spreading fire in order to quickly eliminate them.

She should also find out the prevalence of smoke, its direction, the danger to people on the floors. Further, partitions, ceilings and communications are checked. Possible options for the spread of fire are being clarified, methods of containment are determined.

With such fire extinguishing, the place is cordoned off, a checkpoint is created. Medical assistance to the injured is provided, as well as a permanent reserve, which should ensure an uninterrupted fight against the source of fire and the consequences of the fire.

If the period of the fire is delayed, a fire extinguishing headquarters is created, which directs the actions and appoints those responsible for certain processes.

The calculation is divided into two groups. The first is engaged in extinguishing the fire directly in the basement, the second is sent to the first floor to eliminate the spread of fire.

If, during firefighting operations, a threat to the life and health of those living in the building is detected, then the evacuation of citizens and helping them become the first priority tasks. In some cases, it is necessary to calm the panic among the population, to provide psychological assistance to the victims.

Any entrances, window openings in stairwells and other openings must be completely open in order to ventilate the smoke. In some cases, the so-called smoke exhausters are used, that is, devices that provide smoke extraction.

As a rule, sprayers of water and special solutions are used for extinguishing.

They choose compact models, since the size of the basements does not allow large-scale equipment to unfold. At high temperatures, foam is used.

Fire prevention

To ensure the safety of basements and minimize the risks of fires, attention should be paid to the condition of these premises, as well as communications and equipment located in them. First of all, you should check the condition of electrical wiring and electrical panels, as well as other sources of electrical current.

Particular attention must be paid to the creation of light sources in the basement, as well as to ensure normal ventilation. It is worth considering options for evacuating from basements, as well as isolating the flammable and flammable substances in them.

It is important to exclude blocking of door and window openings, to ensure normal traffic. Attention is also paid to the condition of the equipment located in the basements and to the products or things stored there. The presence of flammable and flammable substances must be excluded.

Compliance with fire safety standards is the basis for preventing fires. Non-performance simple rules can have catastrophic consequences, up to the destruction of the entire building.

The situation is on fire.

Many civil buildings, as a rule, consist of basements, floors and attics, the development of fires in which have their own distinctive features.

In buildings of modern construction, all structural elements of the basements are made of non-combustible materials. Premises located in basements have a limited number of doors and window openings. Windows are often protected by metal bars, making them difficult to use in case of fires. The layout of the basements depends on their purpose, large and complex basements are divided into sections that can communicate with each other. Partitions of varying degrees of fire resistance can be arranged inside the sections. In some administrative and public buildings, basements are in several tiers. The basements are only 1.5-2 m high.

Basements can communicate with floors and attics through elevator shafts, through ventilation systems and garbage chutes, through openings and hatches in the ceilings, along which various engineering communications pass.

Basements in civil buildings can be used to accommodate boiler rooms, warehouses, workshops, utility sheds, heating system units and other needs. Therefore, in case of fires in basements, combustion of various substances and materials occurs.

The fire load, which is up to 50 kg / m2, has a great influence on the situation of fires in the basements of civil buildings, and up to 80-100 kg / m2 in residential buildings with utility sheds.

Depending on the characteristics of the basement, the type and properties of combustible substances and materials and the location of the fire, the rate of fire propagation can be different. In the initial period of development, the fire occurs intensively, due to a sufficient amount of air in the volume of the premises. Further, within 10-30 minutes, the inflow of fresh air into the combustion zone decreases, the rate of fire propagation and burnout rate decreases, and the concentration of combustion products in the basement room increases. Basement fires create high temperatures and intense smoke.

The limited number of openings in the basements leads to an insufficient supply of fresh air to the combustion zone, which contributes to the release of a large amount of harmful combustion products. In basements, with incomplete combustion, smoke has a high density and toxicity.

As the fire develops, the pressure of the combustion products inside the cellars increases. At the same time, smoke through various openings and openings in walls, ceilings, utilities, through ventilation channels and a garbage chute, through cracks in structures penetrates to the first and higher floors of buildings.

Heated combustion products from basements through openings can quickly penetrate into staircases and elevator shafts.

The main tasks of fire departments when extinguishing fires in basements is:

Ensuring the safety of people on the floors of buildings.

Creation of conditions for extinguishing a fire by removing smoke and lowering the temperature.

Elimination of a fire within the burning premises of the basement.

Fire reconnaissance.

In case of fires in basements, reconnaissance is organized and carried out simultaneously in two directions: in the premises of the basements, as a rule, by the links of the GDZS - on the first and higher floors. Most fires that occur in basements and are quickly detected are extinguished with one or two trunks. The first RTP who arrives at the fire must immediately call additional forces, special fire equipment and ambulance, and the bulk of the forces and means that arrived at the fire, first of all, must be used to suppress panic and carry out rescue operations.

When conducting exploration in basements, determine:

Overlapping basements.

Floor design features.

Places of fire spreading to floors and attic.

The presence of flammable substances and materials.

Possible ways to release smoke and reduce temperature.

Features of putting out on extinguishing fire extinguishing agents and forces and means.

Places for opening structures.

Fire scouting in the basement is organized in one or several directions. Reconnaissance teams, when moving into burning rooms, take a hose line with them and take measures to reduce smoke pollution in staircases and floors above burning basements.

During exploration in the basements, they determine:

The degree of smoke and smoke removal methods.

The presence of danger to people and the methods of their evacuation.

Possibility and probable places of fire transition to floors and attic.

The presence of ventilation ducts, garbage chute and other communications leading from the basement.

If necessary, openings for the removal of smoke and temperature reduction.

Places for the introduction of fire extinguishing agents into the basement.

In the process of extinguishing fires in the basements, reconnaissance is continuously carried out by the RTP and each commander in his area of \u200b\u200bwork until the fire is completely eliminated.

Organization and conduct of rescue operations.

There are often cases when, by the time the first fire brigades arrive at the fire, the stairwells are heavily smoked and people from the windows ask for help. In these conditions, measures are taken to prevent panic and immediately organize rescue operations. For this purpose, create the maximum number of search and rescue groups from the gas and smoke defenders who arrived at the fire, notify people about the arrival of help and about their behavior in dangerous zones. These groups primarily open staircase windows and doors leading to the attic to remove smoke and lower temperatures. Then people are evacuated from the upper floors. Closed apartments in smoke zones, they are opened and carefully checked for the presence of people in them. To determine the location of the victims, they shout from the citizens at the scene of the fire.

People are evacuated and rescued by:

Marching stairs through the main exits.

Stationary fire escapes.

Emergency exits.

Windows and balconies by means of ladders, retractable and assault ladders, rescue ropes.

If necessary, people are taken to the attics or floors of buildings with the subsequent transition to adjacent, smoke-free staircases.

Stick ladders are used to evacuate people from the first floors through the windows. From the second and third floors, adults and older children go down the retractable stairs on their own under the supervision of firefighters. From the fourth and higher floors, adults are lowered down auto-ladders, a cascade of assault ladders, or along assault ladders and retractable ones with their obligatory insurance. Firefighters carry the injured, sick and young children along the ladders, lower them with the help of articulated car lifts and rescue sleeves or on rescue ropes.

Rescue work is considered complete when all premises have been cleared of smoke, thoroughly checked, and RTP has made sure that all people in need of assistance are rescued.

Actions of units for extinguishing fires.

When extinguishing fires in basements, a USP is organized to extinguish, protect and rescue people. USP for extinguishing is organized from the side of stairwells and entrances to the basement, on floors or along the facade of buildings where window openings are located.

Extinguishing fires in basements, as a rule, is carried out by departments and units of the GDZS. Therefore, in case of fires, the RTP organizes checkpoints, security posts, and also creates a reserve of GDZS links for replacing those working in areas of strong smoke and high temperatures... Particular attention on fires in basements is paid to the organization of communication work, which ensures the management of units and departments of gas and smoke defenders and receiving information from them about the situation at the work sites, as well as a clear organization of rescue operations. Intercoms and portable radio stations are used for communication between units and departments, and for the organization of rescue operations - electromegaphones, portable and stationary electrodynamic loudspeakers of communication vehicles.

The introduction of forces and means in case of fires in basements is carried out, as a rule, in two directions. The main forces and means are directed to the burning basement for extinguishing, and at the same time part of the forces and means are introduced to protect the first floor. The ways of entering the forces and means for extinguishing are door and window openings. Since the introduction of the first barrels. lay hose trunk lines to build up the required number of trunks.

Simultaneously with the introduction of funds for extinguishing the fire, work is organized and carried out to remove smoke and reduce the temperature. To remove smoke when extinguishing a fire in basements, smoke exhausters of various capacities are used. They are used to suck smoke out of smoky rooms or supply fresh air to basement rooms.

To extinguish fires in basements, compact and sprayed jets of water and wetting solutions are used. The number and types of trunks are determined depending on the situation on fires. In case of small fires, the trunks of the RS-50 are used, and others, with the developed ones - the RS-70. The number of trunks is determined based on the density of combustion and the intensity of supply for extinguishing, which is equal to 0.1 l / m 2 s for basements, and 0.15 l / m 2 s for basements of residential buildings. To reduce the temperature and the deposition of smoke in basements, it is advisable to use trunks with nozzles.

If there is a high temperature and strong smoke in the basements, air-mechanical foam of medium and high expansion is used for extinguishing. Foam penetrates well into premises, overcomes turns and rises, displaces heated combustion products and quickly localizes or completely extinguishes a fire. When filling with foam, the temperature in the burning room quickly drops to 40-60 ° C.

It should be remembered that one GPS-600 can extinguish a fire in a volume of 120 m3, and one GPS-2000 in a volume of up to 400 m3, while for the estimated time they will use up foaming agents, respectively, GPS-600 - 216 liters, and a GPS-2000 - 720hp

In the process of preparing for the supply of foam for extinguishing fires in basements, the RTP determines:

the volume of burning rooms,

the number of FPS and the place of their input for extinguishing

the required amount of foaming agent, taking into account the stock,

prepares the links and departments of the GZDS,

prepares the barrels for inspection and extinguishing the fires after filling the basement with foam.

When foam is supplied through door and window openings, tarpaulin lintels are installed in them so that the foam does not create a backwater and does not come out.

The evacuation of property from the first floors under the places is carried out when it can be freed from the effects of high temperatures, smoke or water, as well as in such cases when it interferes with the action of firefighters and creates an additional load on the floors, as a result of which they may collapse.

Compliance with security measures.

To turn off the energy in case of fires in the basements, they call the energy service, and to turn off the gas communications - the gas emergency service. In all areas in the fire, careful monitoring of the behavior of the supporting structures is organized. In the event of a threat of their collapse, all personnel must be promptly withdrawn from dangerous areas. Filling the basements with foam, water vapor should be done only when the RTP has made sure that all people are removed from the filled rooms and hazardous areas.

The personnel working in the places of burnouts and collapses over the fire site must be reliably secured with rescue ropes.