Wall decoration in residential premises of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. Wallpaper in the Tarkhan manor house. 19th century interior - you can't forbid living beautifully Interior of 19th century apartments

Today, most people prefer a comfortable and functional home. However, there are also rare connoisseurs of old classics who want to decorate their home in best traditions bygone days. Typically, this category includes wealthy people who have more than one type of real estate, collectors and antique dealers who, on the one hand, have a thirst for experimentation, and on the other, remain faithful to traditions.

Today, the interior of the 19th century, which dominated the houses of the aristocratic nobility, is one of the most revealing among the pages describing the history of architecture and everyday life. Russian Empire... For example, in the famous Pavlovsk Palace there is an entire exhibition dedicated to the residential interior of the 19th and early 20th centuries, which allows you to travel like a time machine to another century.

Let's try to determine what features of the 19th century interior were present in different decades of the century.

So, at the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian nobility was often located in country estates or mansions located within the city. Together with the owners, the servants lived in the house, who were classified by status. The houses in which the gentlemen lived usually consisted of three floors. It was the rooms of the first floor in the interior of the 19th century that were given under the order of servants, utility rooms, a kitchen, and utility rooms.

The second floor housed the guest mansions, which were often adjoining living rooms, halls and a dining room. But on the third floor, most of the master's mansions were located.

At the beginning of the century, the interior of the 19th century was mainly characterized by the styles of classicism and empire. Most of the spaces were harmoniously combined with each other and included furniture of the same style, often made of mahogany with fabric trim, decorated with gilded, brass or bronze elements. Walls in houses were often painted with a single color of green, blue or lilac flowers or pasted over with striped paper wallpaper.

An obligatory room in any residential building was the owner's office, whose furniture was often made of poplar or birch. An important place was also occupied by portrait rooms, which were decorated with striped wallpaper and decorated with portraits in heavy and massive gilded frames.

The bedroom was usually divided into two zones: the bedroom and the boudoir, especially for the rooms of young ladies. In the richer houses, the boudoir was in the room next to the bedroom. Boudoir in the interior of the 19th century was not only a function toilet roomhow much was the hostess's personal space, where she could read, embroider, or just be alone with her thoughts.

The interior of the 19th century in the 40-60s fell under the influence of romanticism, neo-Gothic and pseudo-Russian style. The windows in the houses began to be covered with heavy draped fabrics. Tablecloths appeared on the tables. The spirit of the Gothic was sometimes manifested in the fashion for lancet windows with stained glass. Around the period of the reign of Nicholas II, a fashion was introduced for french style... Mahogany furniture gave way to rosewood, and decor items such as porcelain vases and figurines appeared in the interior. And a little later, especially in the men's bedrooms, oriental motives began to be reflected. For example, weapons were hung on the walls as a decor, hookahs and other smoking accessories could be present in the rooms, the owners often liked to dress in dressing gowns with oriental motives. But when it comes to living rooms and women's bedrooms, the second rococo style remained dominant.

The interior of the late 19th century is starting to fade slightly compared to the beginning and middle of the century. This is due to the fact that many bourgeois families were ruined and found themselves in an unenviable financial situation. At the same time, scientific and technical progress, which brought tulle and machine lace tablecloths to the interior, did not stand still.

Instead of houses in the 19th century, apartments became more popular, which combined the eclecticism of many architectural styles. The place of estates was taken by country dachas, the interiors of which were often decorated in a pseudo-Russian style, which consisted of beams with carved ceilings and a permanent sideboard in the dining room.

Towards the end of the year, the Art Nouveau style came into its own, suggesting smooth curved lines in all interior items without exception.

19th century interior by saturation different styles may take, perhaps, the first place among other centuries, since under the influence of historicism such currents as classicism, rococo, gothic were reflected in it, in the middle of the century eclecticism of styles arose, and at the end a unique modernity entered its rights.

This exposition was created under the guidance of the chief curator of the Pavlovsk Palace-Museum A.M. Kuchumov in 1976. Typical interiors of that era were recreated on the basis of literary and documentary sources, paintings, drawings and photographs. In 2000, the exposition reopened, with changes and additions. Passing from hall to hall, as if moving in a time machine, a whole century passes before your eyes. Through the interior, the way our ancestors arranged the living space, you better understand the psychology and philosophy of people of that time, their attitude and worldview.

17 halls are divided into 3 semantic blocks:

russian noble estate of the 1800-1830s,
metropolitan aristocratic mansion of the 1830-1860s,
city \u200b\u200bapartment from the 1860s-1890s.

Interiors 1800-1830s

At the beginning of the 19th century, the typical dwelling of the nobility was a manor house or a town mansion. As a rule, a large family and numerous servants lived here. The state rooms were usually located on the second floor and consisted of a suite of living rooms, a boudoir and a bedroom. The living quarters were located on the third floor or mezzanines and had low ceilings. The servants lived on the ground floor, and there were also service rooms. If the house was two-story, then the living rooms, as a rule, were on the ground floor and ran parallel to the service premises.

The end of the 18th century - the beginning of the 19th century is the time of the dominance of classicism, which presupposes a clear rhythm and a uniform style of placing pieces of furniture and art. Furniture was usually made of mahogany and decorated with chased gilded bronze or brass strips. Interest in antiquity penetrated into Russia from France and other European countries. Therefore, in the interior of this time, we will see antique statues and the corresponding decor. Under the influence of Napoleon, the Empire style came into fashion, created by the architects C. Percier and P. Fontaine, with its spirit of luxurious imperial residences from the time of the Roman Empire. Empire-style furniture was made from Karelian birch and poplar, often painted in green color - under the old bronze, with gilded carved details. Clocks and lamps were made of gilded bronze. The walls of the rooms were often painted in pure colors - green, gray, blue, lilac. Sometimes they were pasted over with paper wallpaper or imitated paper wallpaper, smooth or striped, with ornaments.

The suite of rooms in the exposition opens (late 18th - early 19th centuries). A valet on duty could be in such a room. Mahogany furniture with brass overlays is made in the jacob style.

Sample for Portrait (1805-1810s) became the corresponding room in the estate of Count A.A. Arakcheev in Gruzino. Unfortunately, the estate itself was completely destroyed during the Great Patriotic War. The portrait room is decorated in the style of the early Russian Empire, the walls are painted with striped wallpaper.

Cabinet (1810s) was an obligatory attribute of a noble estate. In the interior presented in the exposition, the furniture set is made of Karelian birch, desk and an armchair made of poplar wood. Wall painting imitates paper wallpaper.

Canteen (1810-1820s) - also made in the Empire style.

Bedroom (1820s) functionally divided into zones: the bedroom itself and the boudoir. There is an icon case in the corner. The bed is covered with a screen. In the boudoir, the hostess could go about her business - do needlework, carry on correspondence.

Boudoir (1820s) was located next to the bedroom. If conditions allowed, it was a separate room in which the mistress of the house went about her business.

The prototype Living room (1830s) served as the living room of P.V. Nashchekin, a friend of A.S. Pushkin, from a painting by N. Podklyushnikov.

Young man's office (1830s) was created based on Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" (it is interesting to compare it with, which became the prototype of the Larins' house from this novel). Here you can see the desire for convenience and comfort, decorative fabrics are actively used. The laconicism inherent in the Empire style gradually disappears.

Interiors 1840-1860s

40s - 60s of the XIX century - the time of the dominance of romanticism. At this time, historicism is popular: pseudo-gothic, second rococo, neo-Greek, Moorish, and later pseudo-Russian styles. In general, historicism prevailed until the end of the 19th century. The interiors of this time are characterized by a desire for luxury. The rooms are full of pieces of furniture, ornaments and knickknacks. Furniture was mainly made of walnut, rosewood, and sacchardan wood. Windows and doors were covered with heavy draperies, tables were covered with tablecloths. Oriental carpets were laid on the floors.

At this time, W. Scott's knightly novels became popular. In many ways, under their influence, estates and dachas are being built in gothic style (I already wrote about one of them -). The houses also had Gothic offices and living rooms. Gothic was expressed in stained-glass windows on windows, screens, screens, in decorative elements finishing of rooms. Bronze was actively used for decoration.

The end of the 40s and the beginning of the 50s of the XIX century were marked by the emergence of the “second rococo”, otherwise called “a la Pompadour”. It was expressed in the imitation of the art of France in the middle of the 18th century. Many estates were erected in the Rococo style (for example, the now dying Nikolo-Prozorovo near Moscow). The furniture was made in the style of Louis XV: rosewood sets with bronze decorations, porcelain inserts painted in the form of bouquets of flowers and gallant scenes. Overall, the room looked like a precious box. This was especially typical for the premises of the female half. The rooms on the male side were more laconic, but also not devoid of grace. They were often decorated in "oriental" and "Moorish" style. Ottoman sofas came into fashion, the walls were decorated with weapons, Persian or Turkish carpets lay on the floors. Hookahs and incense burners could also be in the room. The owner of the house wore a dressing gown.

An example of the above is Living room (1840s). The furniture in it is made of walnut, in decorative finishing Gothic motives can be traced.

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The next room is Yellow living room (1840s). The set presented in it was made for one of the living rooms Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, presumably according to the drawings of the architect A. Bryullov.

Dressing a young girl (1840-1850s) made in the style of "walnut rococo". Such a room could be both in the capital's mansion and in a provincial estate.

IN Cabinet-boudoir (1850s) in the second rococo style presented expensive furniture "A la Pompadour", veneered with rosewood, with inlays of gilded bronze and painted porcelain.

Bedroom of a young girl (1850-1860s) strikes with its splendor, it is also an example of the "second rococo".

Interiors 1870-1900s

This period is characterized by the smoothing out of the differences between noble and bourgeois interiors. Many old noble families gradually became poorer, yielding influence to industrialists, financiers, people of mental labor. Interior decoration during this period begins to be determined by the financial capabilities and taste of the owner. Technological progress and industrial development have contributed to the emergence of new materials. So, machine lace appeared, windows were decorated with tulle curtains. At this time, sofas of new shapes appeared: round, double-sided, combined with whatnots, shelves, jardinieres, etc. Upholstered furniture appears.

In the 1870s, under the influence of the World Exhibition in Paris in 1867, the style of Louis XVI came into fashion. The style "boule" is experiencing a second birth, so named after A.Sh.Bulya, who worked under Louis XIV - the furniture was decorated with a turtle, mother of pearl, bronze. Rooms from this period are decorated with porcelain from Russian and European factories. The walls were decorated with numerous walnut-framed photographs.

The main type of dwelling is an apartment in a tenement building. Its design was often characterized by a mixture of styles, a combination of incompatible things only in terms of common colors, textures, etc. In general, the interior of this time (as well as architecture in general) was eclectic in nature. The rooms were sometimes more like an exhibition hall than a living space.

The pseudo-Russian style comes into fashion. In many respects this was facilitated by the architectural magazine "Zodchiy". Country cottages were often built in this style (for example, near Moscow). If the family lived in an apartment, one of the rooms, usually a dining room, could be decorated in the pseudo-Russian style. The walls and ceiling were sheathed with beech or oak panels, covered with carvings. There was often a massive sideboard in the dining room. IN decorative design used motives of peasant embroidery.

At the end of the 1890s, the Art Nouveau style (from the French moderne - modern) was formed, expressed in the refusal of imitation, straight lines and angles. Modern is the smooth curved natural lines, new technologies. The Art Nouveau interior is distinguished by the unity of style, careful selection of items.

Raspberry living room (1860-1870s) strikes with its splendor and luxury of the Louis XVI style, combined with the desire for convenience and comfort.

Cabinet (1880s) is eclectic. Here are collected various, often incompatible items. A similar interior could be in the house of a prestigious lawyer or financier.

Canteen (1880-1890s) made in the Russian style. An obligatory attribute was the armchair "Arch, ax and mittens" by V.P. Shutov (1827-1887). After the All-Russian Exhibition in St. Petersburg in 1870, they gained immense popularity. Soon, other craftsmen began to make similar pieces of furniture with various variations.

Maple living room (1900s) is a fine example of Art Nouveau style.

Thus, the entire 19th century passed before our eyes: from the Empire style with its imitation of antique culture at the beginning of the century, through the fascination with the styles of historicism in the middle of the century, eclecticism of the second half of the century and the unique, unlike anything else at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

What is the Russian style in the interior of the apartment and what was the everyday life of the Russian estate? Small rooms, and not at all ballrooms and ceremonial living rooms, which opened only on the occasion, assorted furniture, paintings that have more family rather than artistic value, everyday porcelain.

Fragment of the dining room. Custom made curtain fabric, Colefax & Fowler, plaid edging, Manuel Canovas. Painted screen, early 20th century, France. Chairs upholstered in fabric, Brunschwig & Fils. Hand-painted vintage decorative pillows on silk.

Even members of the imperial family in their personal lives tried to surround themselves with ordinary comfort - just look at the photos of the personal apartments of Alexander III in the Gatchina Palace or Nicholas II in the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo ...

Canteen. The fireplace portal of green marble was made according to the sketches of Kirill Istomin. Wool carpet, Russia, late 19th century. Antique chandelier, France, 19th century. Chinese-style carved dining table and chairs with leather upholstery, England, 20th century. Fabric covers, Cowtan & Tout. On the table is a tablecloth of antique lace from the collection of the owners of the house. Porcelain service, France, early 20th century. On the wall is a collection of antique French, German and Russian porcelain.

Decorator Kirill Istomin was thinking about such interiors when the customers asked him to create a manor house interior in the Russian style without any claims to historical accuracy.

Kirill Istomin

“We started to invent a legend on the go,” says Kirill. - From the first days of work on the project, we, together with the owners, began to look for completely different subjects setting - as they say, in reserve.

Fragment of the cabinet. The sofa is made to order according to the sketches of Kirill Istomin; upholstery, Clarence House. On the wall there are icons of the owners of the house.

Main living room. Tapestry, France, 18th century. Vintage English armchair, upholstered, Cowtan & Tout. The table lamps are made from antique Chinese vases. Red lacquered coffee table with gold painting in chinoiserie style, vintage. The furniture and the sofa are made to order according to the sketches of the decorator, fabric, Cowtan & Tout. Writing desk with leather top and drawers, England, 20th century, next to it is a vintage rattan armchair. Round table with marble top, Russia, 19th century.

With this tapestry, the reconstruction of the house began - there was simply not enough space for it in the old living room. The new extension, adjoining the living room, is equal in area to the first floor of the house.

Hallway. Wallpaper, Stark. Carved wooden gilded chandelier, Italy, XX century. Mirror, England, 19th century. Chest of drawers and sconces, vintage. Chair covers in fabric, Lee Jofa.

Square in plan, it is divided in half into two rooms: a dining room and a new living room, on one of the walls of which is a tapestry.

Kitchen. Fabric bandeau, Lee Jofa. Chair covers, Schumacher fabric. Chandelier, dinner table and chairs, Russia, 1900s.

“I understand what the architects thought when we ordered them to lay out the rooms, taking into account the placement of the existing furnishings,” Kirill smiles. "But I always have a humor about the confrontation between decorators and architects."

Fragment of the kitchen. The worktop and backsplash are made of granite.

Intentionally simple finishes - wooden floors and painted walls - are compensated for in the rooms by the height of the ceilings. In the old house, they are about one and a half meters lower.

Guest bathroom. Floral wallpaper, Cowtan & Tout. Linen skirt, Clarence House. Mirror above the base in a painted carved wooden frame, Italy, early 20th century.

However, even this does not make the premises look like ceremonial halls - the same living rooms, as if descended from pre-revolutionary photographs. It's just difficult to say in which country these photos could have been taken: in the dining room, the combination of porcelain plates hung on the celadon walls and the floral designs of the curtains are reminiscent of the English estates of the Victorian era, while the setting of a small living room with historical wallpaper depicting flower garlands and the boiling white lace ruffles of crimson curtains echoing them remind the Russian style in the interior, a merchant's mansion somewhere on the Volga.

Detail of the master bedroom. English vintage lacquered secretaire with gilded painting in Chinese style.

Almost kitsch, but hot tea with jam has already done its job, and you do not want to think about anything, covered with a downy shawl and listening to the lulling purr of a cat. “Of course, this is a completely invented interior, and you will hardly find historical parallels here.

Small living room. Vintage French bronze sconces were bought in St. Petersburg. The backs of antique gilded armchairs are covered with antique lace from the owners' collection. Vintage fringed sofa in original crimson upholstery. Hand-printed wallpapers based on archival originals are made to order. Silk curtains, Lee Jofa. Wooden shelves are made according to the sketches of the decorator.

Rather, it brings back memories of how you imagined a bygone era when you read the classics, says the decorator. - There are many incongruous things in the house, but this “imperfection” makes my work invisible.

The Russian estate has become a separate phenomenon in architecture and interior design. And now many owners country houses trying to reproduce this direction. Let's try to figure out how a Russian estate differs from ordinary mansions, let's plunge a little into the past and consider the features of such an interior.

The artist Stanislav Zhukovsky is known for his paintings, in which he lovingly depicted old Russian estates. His paintings can be used to study the interiors of houses from the middle of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century.

S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Poetry of an old noble house, 1912

S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Large living room in Brasov, 1916

S. Yu. Zhukovsky. The interior of the manor house library, 1910s

We will immediately decide what we will be talking about specifically about estates, not huts, towers and princely palaces. A lot has been said about the huts and towers, this is also history, and more ancient. And only a few can afford to repeat the luxury and royal style of the palaces of Russian princes. And who will dare to reproduce such a style - in modern realities it's hard to imagine.

Russian terem, as a place of residence for fairly well-to-do families, can now be found mainly in ancient cities and villages. Carved platbands, wood as the main material, four small rooms around a solid stove, a veranda - these are the main differences of such a structure.

The interior of the Russian hut can now be found in baths, sometimes people who are fond of antiquity build dachas this way. Everything here is simple, rustic, without frills and unnecessary details.

So, having sorted out a little with the towers and huts, we go directly to the estate. This name comes from "plant" or "plant". A manor house is traditionally understood as a suburban building, a whole complex, which, in addition to the dwelling house itself, includes outbuildings and an extensive garden. It is customary to distinguish between the following types of estates:

Boyar or merchant estates, which began to appear in the 17th century.
Manor estates, which remained the main residence of wealthy Russians until the beginning of the 20th century, and gained particular popularity in the 19th century.

Baron Nikolai Wrangel (brother of Peter Wrangel, the leader of the White movement) in 1902 went to the provinces to study in detail the features of the estates of the then landowners. This is how he described the traditional estate in his book: “White houses with columns, in a shady thicket of trees; sleepy, mud-smelling ponds with white silhouettes of swans plowing the summer water ... ".

White or sometimes blue house in classic style, columns with Corinthian orders, a maximum of two floors, a wide porch or terrace - this appearance of the Russian estate is not outdated even now.

This photo shows the Galskikh estate located in Cherepovets. Now it is a house-museum telling about the life of landowners early XIX century.

As for the interior of Russian estates, the merchant style should be distinguished from the later one, created under the influence of European, mainly French trends and close to modern realities.

These pictures show the house of the merchant Klepikov, located in Surgut. You can clearly see the abundance of textiles, very simple decoration, plank floors, solid wooden furniture. We are sure that many of you have found such a metal bed with springs at your grandmother's in the village. Let us turn again to Baron Wrangel, who described the interior of the estate as follows: “Inside, in the rooms, there are decorous comfortable chairs and armchairs, welcoming round tables, ragged endless sofas, wheezing clocks with a rusty bass beat, and chandeliers, and candlesticks, and sonnets, and screens, and screens, and pipes, pipes to infinity. "

The furniture in such a manor was often motley - an old chest, inherited from a grandfather, could be adjacent to a new-fangled French chair or an English chair, which the owner of the house, at the whim of his wife, acquired during a trip to the city. Traditionally, in the Russian estate there was a hall for receiving guests and, if the size of the house allowed - balls, as well as an office, which became the owner's male refuge.

This photo shows the interior of the estate, built in the village of Mednoe Lake (near St. Petersburg) by architects Elena Barykina and Slava Valoven for collectors of antique furniture. Almost all of the furnishings are authentic, but this house also has modern, antique-style replicas.

If you want to recreate the interior of a Russian estate in your home, you should adhere to the following principles:

An obligatory element will be a wooden floor, you can parquet or from boards.
The furniture is laconic, better made of dark wood, with thin legs.
Interior doors and the baseboard is white.
The walls can also be wooden, painted in neutral shades (but better - snow white). You can also use antique wallpaper that mimics textiles.
Tables are round or oval, with beautiful tablecloths, lamps with cozy lampshades and light curtains.

As for the kitchen and bathroom, it is advisable to use tiles here. Doors kitchen cabinets can be left wooden or painted under Gzhel, as in the example presented by us.

Separately, mention should be made of the influence that the Empire style or late classicism, which came from Europe, had on the interior of the Russian estate. Within the framework of the manor house, this trend was called "rural empire", becoming less pompous and luxurious.

Now, some homeowners imagine the style of the Russian estate as a kind of mixture of a hut, country, chalet, rustic and modern motives.

Well, the style of the Russian estate has always been a kind of mixture of different directions, taking a lot from the classics and history of our country. However, if you adhere to the main canons, in the end you should get a light interior, not overloaded with furniture, cozy, fresh, quite simple and at the same time really homely, a real Chekhov's dacha, more than once described by the classics of Russian literature.

A valet on duty could be in such a room. Mahogany furniture with brass overlays is made in the jacob style.

Sample for Portrait (1805-1810s) was the corresponding room in the estate of Count A.A. Arakcheev in Gruzino. Unfortunately, the estate itself was completely destroyed during the Great patriotic war... The portrait room is decorated in the style of the early Russian Empire, the walls are painted with striped wallpaper.

Cabinet (1810s) was an obligatory attribute of a noble estate. In the interior presented in the exposition, the furniture set is made of Karelian birch, the desk and chair are made of poplar wood. Wall painting imitates paper wallpaper.

Canteen (1810-1820s) - also made in the Empire style.

Bedroom (1820s) is functionally divided into zones: the bedroom itself and the boudoir. There is an icon case in the corner. The bed is covered with a screen. In the boudoir, the hostess could go about her business - do needlework, carry on correspondence.

Boudoir (1820s) was located next to the bedroom. If conditions allowed, it was a separate room in which the mistress of the house went about her business.

The prototype Living room (1830s) served as the living room of P.V. Nashchekin, a friend of A.S. Pushkin, from a painting by N. Podklyushnikov.

The study of a young man (1830s) was created based on Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" (it is interesting to compare it with the Trigorskoye estate, which became the prototype of the Larins' house from this novel). Here you can see the desire for convenience and comfort, decorative fabrics are actively used. The laconicism inherent in the Empire style gradually disappears.

INTERIORS 1840-1860s

40s - 60s of the XIX century - the time of the dominance of romanticism. At this time, historicism is popular: pseudo-gothic, second rococo, neo-Greek, Moorish, and later pseudo-Russian styles. In general, historicism prevailed until the end of the 19th century. The interiors of this time are characterized by a desire for luxury. The rooms have an abundance of pieces of furniture, jewelry and knickknacks. Furniture was mainly made of walnut, rosewood, and sacchardan wood. Windows and doors were covered with heavy draperies, tables were covered with tablecloths. Oriental carpets were laid on the floors.

At this time, W. Scott's knightly novels became popular. In many ways, under their influence, estates and dachas in the Gothic style are being built (I have already written about one of them - Marfino). The houses also had Gothic offices and living rooms. Gothic was expressed in stained-glass windows on windows, screens, screens, in decorative elements of decoration of rooms. Bronze was actively used for decoration.

Late 40s - early 50s The 19th century was marked by the emergence of the "second rococo", otherwise called "a la Pompadour". It was expressed in the imitation of the art of France in the middle of the 18th century. Many estates were erected in the Rococo style (for example, the now dying Nikolo-Prozorovo near Moscow). The furniture was made in the style of Louis XV: rosewood sets with bronze decorations, porcelain inserts painted in the form of bouquets of flowers and gallant scenes. Overall, the room looked like a precious box. This was especially typical for the premises of the female half. The rooms on the male side were more laconic, but also not devoid of grace. They were often decorated in "oriental" and "Moorish" style. Ottoman sofas came into fashion, the walls were decorated with weapons, Persian or Turkish carpets lay on the floors. Hookahs and smokers could also be in the room. The owner of the house wore a dressing gown.

An example of the above is Living room (1840s). The furniture in it is made of walnut, and the decorative finishing features Gothic motives.

The next room is Yellow living room (1840s). The set presented in it was made for one of the living rooms of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, presumably, according to the drawings of the architect A. Brullov.

Dressing a young girl (1840-1850s) made in the style of "walnut rococo". Such a room could be both in the capital's mansion and in a provincial estate.

IN Cabinet-boudoir (1850s) In the style of the second rococo, expensive furniture a la Pompadour is presented, veneered with rosewood, with inserts of gilded bronze and painted porcelain.

Bedroom of a young girl (1850-1860s) strikes with its splendor, it is also an example of the "second rococo".

INTERIORS 1870-1900s

In the 1870s, under the influence of the 1867 World Exhibition in Paris, the style of Louis XVI came into fashion. The boule style, named after A.Sh.Boul, who worked under Louis XIV, is experiencing a rebirth - the furniture was decorated with turtle, mother of pearl, and bronze. Rooms from this period are decorated with porcelain from Russian and European factories. The walls were decorated with numerous walnut-framed photographs.

The pseudo-Russian style comes into fashion. In many respects this was facilitated by the architectural magazine "Zodchiy". Country cottages were often built in this style (for example, Abramtsevo near Moscow). If the family lived in an apartment, one of the rooms, usually a dining room, could be decorated in the pseudo-Russian style. The walls and ceiling were sheathed with beech or oak panels, covered with carvings. There was often a massive sideboard in the dining room. The decorative design used motives of peasant embroidery.

Raspberry living room (1860-1870s) strikes with its splendor and luxury of the Louis XVI style, combined with the desire for convenience and comfort.

Cabinet (1880s) is eclectic. Here are collected various, often incompatible items. A similar interior could be in the house of a prestigious lawyer or financier.

Canteen (1880-1890s) made in the Russian style.

Maple living room (1900s) - a fine example of the Art Nouveau style.

Maria Anashina