What can be the size of red brick, as well as its varieties. Standard brick size Brick loaf dimensions and weight

To build a house, you can't do without bricks. It began to be used decades ago. During this time, many types of this material have appeared, the dimensions of which have been standardized. The choice of standard sizes of facing bricks is based on construction experience, material production technology.

The sizes of imported bricks differ from Russian ones. In our country, there is a special GOST that sets certain parameters.

Varieties and brands

Different bricks are used for different areas of construction. It is divided into several groups, which differ in their technological characteristics, as well as in the material of manufacture.

Zabutovochny

The basis of a ceramic backing product is ordinary clay. Material processing is carried out by semi-dry pressing. This type of brick received a second name - ordinary. It is distinguished by its high strength and low cost.

Ceramic backing products have several positive qualities:

strength;
fire safety;
frost resistance;
long period of operation.

These products differ in their shape:

full-bodied;
hollow.

In a full-bodied ordinary brick, there are no voids, only 13% of the total volume falls. The material is characterized by increased thermal conductivity.

When erecting a residential building from such a brick, special masonry mortars, additional insulation is being laid.

"Loaf"

It differs in its appearance, on which the formation of various defects occurred:

rough surface;
chips;
oblique edges.

Thanks to the embossed pattern, the "loaf" adheres perfectly to concrete.

The main advantages of this type of brick are:

high density;
not afraid of mechanical influences;
meets modern environmental requirements;
does not lose its properties during temperature changes.

Hollow

Among the many advantages of such a brick, the following stand out:

the value of thermal conductivity is much less than a similar solid block;
creates excellent sound insulation;
low density;
small weight;
profitability.

Burnt

The current GOST does not recommend using burnt bricks during construction, as its heat treatment was done incorrectly. In principle, burnt material can be called a marriage. Such a brick is distinguished by its melted appearance, dark shade, violation of geometry. The product has a high density, excellent heat conduction.

Since the technology was violated during its manufacture, the material turns out to be fragile and with a short service life. He is afraid of moisture, unstable at sub-zero temperatures.

M100

One square centimeter of this material can freely withstand a pressure of 100 kg. The density of the brick is in direct proportion to the material of manufacture.

Brick has several subgroups:

ceramic;
one and a half;
hyper-pressed;
single;
corpulent;
hollow.

M150

The block can withstand a pressure of 150 kg. The material is used for the construction of any buildings.

Basically, residential and utility rooms are built from it.

ShB-5

Refractory brick, which was developed for the construction of structures where it is constantly observed heat (e.g. oven).

For individual construction, direct SB is mainly used. The casing of furnaces is laid out from it, in which the temperature can exceed 1400 degrees.

Specifications products meet the requirements of GOST 390 - 96.

1-NF

This is a single brick with a standard format. The material is available in different strengths. Popular brands of this variety include M100 and M200.

Thickened

The material differs from analogues in its height. It is 13 mm larger. The difference in size does not affect its application.

This brick has no fundamental differences from others, therefore it is used for various construction purposes, especially when erecting facade walls.

Facial

Such bricks are used to decorate the facade of walls made of any material. If necessary, they are covered with an additional insulating layer.

The advantages of facing bricks include:

strength;
environmental friendliness;
durability;
different texture.

Clay

This product was used hundreds of years ago. However, today the artificially made clay block has not lost its relevance. Various shapes, a lot of all kinds of shades make it possible to create architectural masterpieces. This environmentally friendly material remains the most popular and in demand among the population.

High strength made it possible to lay out external walls from clay blocks, which are plastered and then revetted. For creating beautiful design a geometric pattern is made on the surface, which strengthens the hitch.

The disadvantage of a clay product is considered to be low frost resistance, as well as the inability to work at high humidity.

Yellow

It differs from analogs in a yellow tint. The brick includes:

limestone;
cement;
iron oxide.

The mixture of these elements gives the brick a yellow tint. The product belongs to the silicate group. These blocks are mainly used for the construction of large yellow buildings. For the production of clinker products, clay is used that never melts. The resulting building material is bright yellow. This refractory material is widely used in construction country houses, since it is highly frost-resistant. Fireclay bricks have a rough surface, yellow color and various shapes.

Parameters

Russian legislation has established a special standard for technological characteristics and overall dimensions of blocks of various types.

Single brick

Must have dimensions:

length - 250 mm;
width - 120 mm;
height - 65 mm.

The dimensions of a double ordinary silicate block differ slightly:

length - 250 mm;
width - 120 mm;
height - 138 mm.

One-and-a-half thickened bricks of different colors

Must have the dimensions specified in the standard:

length - 250 mm;
width - 120 mm;
height - 88 mm.

Special modular unit

Overall dimensions differ from standard (usual):

length - 280 mm;
width - 130 mm;
height - 80 mm.

Eurobrick

Today, this original brick with dimensions has become very popular and in demand:

length - 250 mm;
width - 85 mm;
height - 65 mm.

Calculation of building material

Today there are many special online calculators that will very accurately calculate the amount of material required to build a house.

A simple calculation is based on the standard parameters of a conventional ceramic block (250x120x65 mm). One cubic meter includes 512.82 pieces. If we take into account the masonry joints measuring about 10 mm, the number will decrease by 118 bricks.

To determine the number of bricks that fit in 1 square. meter, builders use special tables.

Consumption rate

When building any building, it is very important to adhere to the developed norms regarding consumption standard brick with dimensions 250x120x65 mm. Special tables help to accurately calculate the material consumption rate. It takes into account the intermediate seams per cubic meter, the type of masonry, as well as the installation scheme for brick blocks:

2.5 products.

For a more accurate calculation, the masonry thickness of 1-2 bricks is also taken into account.

A huge variety of brick products allows you to choose the right type of blocks for individual and industrial construction. Different colors of bricks give designers the opportunity to make their fantasies come true. Standardized sizes facilitate the work of calculating the required amount of material.

All brick sizes can be found in the following video.

Red brick is a building material of excellent characteristics. It is characterized by such properties as strength and long service life. In the field of construction, it has been used already 4000 years ago. In the course of development, standard brick production will constantly change appearance products, its shape, size.

Thanks to such a centuries-old history, today on the construction market, red brick is presented in a wide range, which includes about 15,000 types. Each of them differs in its texture and color. All varieties of red brick are classified into certain conditional categories, which determine the composition, structure, color and purpose.

Description of standard red brick

For the manufacture of the usual presented product, clay mixed with water is used, which is then fired. As a result, the sample is exposed to high temperature indicators, which contribute to the formation of irreversible chemical processes.

In the photo - the dimensions of the red brick

During the purchase of this product, you need to pay attention not only to the quality characteristics, but also to the type and dimensions of red brick. Thanks to all these indicators, it acquires a variety of properties that have an impact on performance.

You can learn how much a brick for a basement costs from this

In addition to its attractiveness, the presented product has a long service life and durability. As a result, it is possible to achieve the safety of the erected buildings. In addition, the repair of facades, during the construction of which red brick was used, is done very rarely.

Which brick is best suited for the oven can be found in this

The video shows the size of a standard red brick:

You can find out the properties of ceramic bricks from this

The size of an ordinary building brick

Since red brick has a different classification, each type has its own size. For ordinary standard red brick, the length remains unchanged - 250 mm, width - 120 mm, but as for the thickness, it depends on the type of product: single - 65 mm, double - 130 mm and modular - 88 mm. : 250 * 120 * 88.

About what dimensions of white sand-lime brick can be found here from this

Types and standard according to GOST

Corpulent

The classic dimensions of this product are actively used in the construction of load-bearing and reinforced buildings, the construction of foundations, stoves and fireplaces. Such a product is characterized by the following marking: M-075, M-100, M-125, M-175. The frost resistance level can reach F50. What size? The dimensions of a single red block will be 250x120x65 mm. Depending on the size, and changes. The cost of these products will be 9.4-16 rubles per piece.

In the construction of absolutely any building (with the exception of a panel building), brick is used as the main material. Such walls, in contrast to panel ones, are stronger and more durable. However, installation takes much longer than installation of panel boards. But be that as it may, this material it is used in the construction of most modern buildings, which means it is more practical and reliable. In today's article, we will find out the size of a standard brick and talk about its varieties.

Varieties

As you know, building bricks differ in size, characteristics and purpose. Moreover, this material can be divided into 3 categories:

One and a half.
Single.
Double.

The size of a standard brick is different for each of these types. It is determined by three parameters: and height.

The size of the brick (standard single type), which is used in the construction of most modern buildings and institutions, is as follows: 250x125x65 millimeters. In this case, the silicate (double) material has dimensions of 250x120x188 millimeters.

In construction, the size of a standard brick is 250x125x65 millimeters. That is, the most commonly used type of brick is single. In addition, in the construction industry, its thickened appearance is often used with a length of 250 mm, a width of 120 and a height of 80 millimeters. Also worth noting are modular varieties. The dimensions of a single brick of a modular type are 138x13x288 millimeters.

It is worth noting that so-called ceramic stones can also be used in the construction of walls. They have nothing to do with stones, and therefore in production they are marked as ceramic blocks. Many sellers also refer to them as “double bricks”, so don't assume that this is a different type of material when buying. block and double brick are one and the same product. And its dimensions are as follows: 250x125x138 millimeters (length * width * height, respectively).

Compliance with GOST

GOSTs (State Standards) do not apply to products of this type in Russia, especially new ones technical productsthat appeared on the market several years ago. Of course, the use of ceramic bricks in the construction of a residential building or other buildings is a very profitable business, since due to large sizes the costs of laying it are minimal. Accordingly, the speed of work is several times higher than the time of laying a single material. In addition, the savings apply to which you need to prepare a number of bricks for laying.

Mainly used ceramic stone for construction multi-storey buildings, whether it's a residential building or a garage. Statistics show that the number one-story houses, in which this type of materials is used during construction, is units. Although even if we compare the total number of multi-storey institutions with walls of ceramic stone and the same buildings with classic single bricks, the difference will be several tens of times.

Why is such material not in great demand in Russia?

The fact is that many customers simply do not know how this stone will behave 10-20 years after laying, and whether the wall will last until that time. Hence, it turns out that with a constant temperature difference of 60 degrees Celsius or more (the difference between the air temperature in winter and summer periods), such a brick can simply crumble in one cycle of operation. Although there are no objective reasons for calling this stone the most unreliable, there is no scientific research on this matter. So it turns out that laying ceramic stone is like playing roulette: you never know when a building will collapse, and how soon it will be.

A few words about the differences

But back to the dimensions. At the beginning of the article, we indicated the exact size of a standard brick. Depending on the type, its length can be 65 - 138 millimeters. Moreover, these values \u200b\u200bmay depend on the place of application of a particular type of material (for example, dimensions can vary from 65 to 500 millimeters in height). Note also that the difference in the dimensions of a single brick and a one and a half brick is not at all 1.5 times, as it seems to us externally. If you take a closer look and compare the height of the first (65 millimeters) and the second (88 millimeters), we can say that it is exactly 1.35 times higher. But for ease of perception, such materials are referred to as "one and a half".

Why exactly 250x120 millimeters?

Most modern types bricks are 250 millimeters long and 120 millimeters wide. The difference lies only in the height of the material (for example, the size of a white brick is 250x120x88 millimeters). What is it for? And this is necessary so that when laying this brick it is convenient to use. In terms of its size, such material fits perfectly into the hand, and since during the construction and erection of the wall, the physical strength of the builders themselves is used for the most part, these dimensions are the most convenient when laying rows (not laying them with a tower crane).

Few people know, but uniform brick standards in Russia were introduced only a few years ago - in 2008. And this despite the fact that it was first used in 1927. To everyone's surprise, in Soviet times, almost all buildings were created using bricks that did not meet any standards and requirements. However, it is these buildings that are currently the most durable and durable.

For many decades people have been using red bricks to construct buildings. This building material has a number of advantages, thanks to which it gained such popularity. During construction, you need to adhere to the norms and check all materials for compliance with standards.

This is done to avoid mistakes during construction and to procure the right materials, tools and equipment. The red brick size standard is described in the "Interstate Standard" (GOST 530-2012), and below will be considered the main points that need to be considered before starting construction.

Properties

Ordinary red brick is popular due to the properties that it acquires during manufacture and borrows from the materials taken as a basis. Raw material, of course, has its effect, but the basic properties are the same for all bricks:

Frost resistance Is a property that includes several functions at once.

The bricks must withstand low temperatures and high humidity. Getting into extreme conditions, it can begin to change its density, which leads to its destruction.

The short designation for frost resistance is Мрз, and this value is calculated during special tests, when the brick is cyclically exposed to changes in humidity and temperature.

If the value of Мрз is below 35 points, then the use of such bricks is not recommended on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Strength Is another characteristic showing how much pressure 1 square centimeter of brick can withstand.

So much for building small house it will be enough to use brick of the M100 brand, and when building a multi-storey building, the M150 and higher brand is chosen.

Soundproofing – important characteristic for urban areas.

In a hectic city life, it is very important create basic sound insulation when minimum thickness building walls... Bricks do an excellent job with this task.

These characteristics determine the possibilities building material and give an initial insight. Knowing these possibilities will protect the novice builder from unexpected expenses. Further, several classifications will be given, and, most importantly, the dimensions of the bricks are considered in detail.

Classification

Brick can be made from different materials, but the options that the market provides us are 90% made of clay and clay mixtures. After firing, the clay takes on orange, red and yellowish colors, hence the name - red brick.

By material type

Here are the top options by type of material:

There are many configurations of brick dimensions. Any brick has the shape of a parallelepiped and three pairs of faces. The main face - the bed, is located parallel to the base of the masonry, from which it is often called the working face.

The second facet is the spoon, which is perpendicular to the bed and has an average area of \u200b\u200ball three faces. The last face is a poke, the smallest area. Changing the lengths of the sides of the faces, you can get different dimensions:

All dimensions shown above are used for cladding buildings.

Single brick standard is still the most popular option. This standard has been used for a long time in many countries around the world.

By form

This classification compares density of bricks... There are two types of bricks by density: solid and hollow. Hollow bricks are visually distinguished by a certain number of holes, while solid bricks are monolithic products.

Solid brick (aka "loaf") is distinguished by high thermal conductivity and rather low moisture absorption. It is used in the construction of basements, basements and in the construction of various load-bearing elements. Its standard dimensions are 250x120x65 mm (see photo above), and its weight is on average 2.4 kg.

Hollow brick cannot be used in the construction of basements, load-bearing structures and other objects for which solid bricks are used.

This is due to the fact that hollow brick has many holes where water can enter, freezing in winter and destroying the structure of the building material. This option has increased sound insulation, increased thermal insulation and is sold at a lower price because less raw material is used in the production.

The dimensions of the hollow brick are the same as for the solid brick - 250x120x65 mm.

By application

Ordinary brick - This is a versatile, "rough version" used for both indoor and outdoor work. It may have minor chips, therefore it has a nondescript appearance.

Facing brick - the ideal, expensive brick, made to extremely high quality standards. Divided into two categories:

Shaped option.

It is presented on the market in the form of a huge range of shape variations. The shaped option is used when you need to build a masonry of an unusual shape (with bevels, a wavy shape, or an angular version).

Textured option.

It is used for facing works on the facade of buildings.

Where are the different types of bricks used?

All of the above points form many functions and configurations, which significantly expands the variability of the offer in the building materials market.

And the experience of the builders has formed a number of "rules" that everyone tries to follow in order not to lose face. For specific types of buildings, it is customary to use specific types of bricks. Therefore, you should dwell on the main points:

For the construction of the furnace, it is customary to use ceramic, solid bricks.
For building a foundation basement or the basement, it is customary to use ceramic, solid brick. bricks vary depending on the configuration of the foundation: 250x120x65 mm, 138x288x165 mm, 250x120x88 mm.
For the construction of walls, it is customary to use silicate or ceramic, hollow bricks.

These "rules" should be used to avoid destruction.

Everything about the red brick in this video:

Brick is a building material characterized by its strength and durability. It is considered the oldest known building material, it is made by firing clay briquettes, previously well pressed.

Red brick allows you to build a building in the required architectural concept, as well as save on the construction process. Special this material is popular in private housing construction, in the construction of fences, garages and other auxiliary buildings. Those who are engaged in the construction, knowing the size of the red brick, only need to correctly calculate the required amount that will be required for the construction of the object. It can be called the most versatile material.

History

Depending on the state, the dimensions of the masonry material had significant differences. This was primarily due to differences in metric systems. For example, the brick standard in England in the 19th century had dimensions of 9: 4.5: 2.5 inches, german material - 25:12: 6.3 centimeters.

On the American continent it was the smallest, which were 21: 10: 5.3 centimeters. IN Russian Empire the material was larger than the English or German counterparts, and was 6: 3: 1.5 (4.45 centimeters). He weighed about three to four kilograms.

The territories remote from the center themselves determined the dimensions of the building material, which sometimes differed from the "canonical" ones, since the production was not dependent on the center and the material was spent on meeting the needs of local communities.

With the advent of conveyor production of building materials and the beginning of massive capital development, the need to fix the size of standard red brick has become more acute.

In Europe, the most common bricks are NF and D. F. The first is ordinary, with dimensions of 24 × 11.5 × 7.1 cm, the other is thin, with dimensions of 5 × 5.2 centimeters.

In Europe dF brand material is considered the best for perception, due to the greater correspondence to the architectural classics. But the NF brand saves mortar and increases the speed of masonry construction.

This aspect ratio of the brick not only turned out to be the most optimal when erecting a wall, when it was required to alternate the longitudinal and transverse position of the bars, but also to use material from different manufacturers at the same construction site.

Surprisingly, but in Russia bricks of a unified standard began to be produced relatively recently, compared to how long this material has been used in the country - in 1927. From that moment the standard remains unchanged - 250 × 120 × 65 millimeters for a single brick size, its weight should be no more than 4.3 kg and all this is fixed by GOST 530-2007. In Europe, it is denoted by RF symbols with parameters 250 × 120 × 88 millimeters for one and a half (although in practice it is not 1.5, but 1.35 times thicker) and 250 × 120 × 138 mm, for double bricks.

In Western countries, the standards differ, moreover, there are much more of them. Among the most popular - 200 × 100 × 50 (65) millimeters and 240 × 115 × 52 (71) millimeters. In addition to the above, foreign bricks can be different sizes , since in Europe there is an opinion that masonry made of a material with an unfixed length can emphasize the uniqueness of the building.

The importance of standardization

The normal dimensions of bricks are in a ratio of 1: ½: 1/4, which makes it possible to give the structure of the building additional strength with the help of masonry dressing. This is due to the fact that longitudinal and transverse alternation of building material is carried out in relation to the axis of the masonry and as a result, the load is more evenly distributed.

In addition to the indicated, the proportionality, which is present in the standard size of the brick, allows for masonry work at low labor costs. The briquette is easy to lift and can be held with one hand.

Also the size of the standard window during construction brick house, it is much more convenient to determine, starting from the standardization of the dimensions of the material.

Types of bricks, their characteristics and areas of use

Corpulent

Bricks of the usual size are used for the construction of load-bearing and reinforced structures, laying the foundation, fireplaces, stoves. There are brands that are designated as M-075, M-100, M-125, in addition, there are M-150, M-175, frost resistance level F 50, degree of moisture absorption 8-10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W / ( m / K), the rate of voidness is up to 13 percent.

Refractory

This brick is intended directly for cladding and masonry ovens. For its production, you need burnt refractory clay (called chamotte) and various fillers. It does not melt or crumble and is able to withstand heat levels up to 1800 degrees Celsius. The letters and numbers in the markings indicate the level of fire resistance. The brand and size of such material may be different and depend on the composition, their a large number of types, for example: Ш-5, Ш-8, ША-5, there is also ШБ-47. The level of frost resistance F 50−75, heat conductivity from 0.70−0.85 W / (m / K), the void rate of 8 percent, the degree of moisture absorption of 8 percent.

Red

It is also called a "loaf", full-bodied or double, and it weighs up to 7 kg. Strength is higher than that of the classic one, and it is used for the construction of load-bearing structures, frames, etc. There are grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 are also on sale, the level of frost resistance is F 150, the ability to absorb moisture 10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.50 W / (m / K), voidness index up to 13 percent.

Ceramic

For laying the foundation, use red ceramic brick. It requires strength, the ability to withstand temperature extremes and high humidity. Dimensions according to GOST standards 250 × 120 × 65 mm, brands are sold: 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, frost resistance level F 50-100, degree of moisture absorption 6-16 percent, thermal conductivity parameters from 0.70 W / (m / K ), the void index is not more than 13 percent.

For the construction of the basement

This brick must also be strong enough, resistant to moisture and low temperatures. It is best to use brands of at least M-125 or M-150. For such purposes optimally suited burnt and full ceramicbut the Turtle remains the most popular. The following brands are on sale: M-200, M-250, M-300, frost resistance level F 100, degree of moisture absorption 12 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W / (m / K), voidness index less than 13 percent.

What material is required to build a furnace?

Sometimes a red corpulent ceramic stone may confuse real brick with a stove. It is produced by mixing red and blue clay, adding sand, and then firing the mass. It can withstand temperatures of no more than 800 degrees Celsius, so the walls of the stoves will quickly collapse (wood burning occurs at 900 degrees Celsius).

There are four types of real kiln bricks:

the main one is a mixture of lime and magnesia, it is more used in metallurgy;
quartz - sandstone, quartz, with the addition of red dense clay;
carbonaceous - from pressed coke, intended for the construction of blast furnaces;
fireclay is a refractory material, it consists of 70 percent refractory clay, is universal in use, resistant to chemical influences.

How to choose a brick grade?

In the construction of household stoves and fireplaces, quartz and the so-called fireclay red bricks are used. Second option is more popular, since quartz at significant temperatures changes its structure and, as a result, thermal conductivity and volume. Gradually, this inevitably leads to deformation and destruction of the walls.

Furnace brick size according to GOST

For bricks specifically for ovens a separate document has not been developed, there is only GOST 8426-75, which specifies the size and shape of clay bricks for chimneys. According to the established standard, there are 2 standard sizes of ordinary straight bricks, indicated below:

single - dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm;
thickened - dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm.

Also, according to GOST 8426-75, wedge-shaped bricks of 2 types are produced.

Radial longitudinal. There are also single (dimensions 120 (70) x250 × 65; 120 (100) x250 × 65) and thickened (dimensions 120 (70) x250 × 88; 120 (100) x250 × 88).
Radially transverse. The single standard size is produced in 2 dimensions: 250 (200) x120 × 65; 250 (225) x120 × 65. A thickened size, instead of 65 mm, has a size of 88 mm.

Brick for the construction of chamotte stoves, existing shapes and sizes

For simplicity, masonry furnaces produce products that differ in configuration and dimensional parameters - this can be seen from the table below.

The standard size of the kiln brick is the flask. It, like direct views, is made in the form of a parallelepiped. The largest edge is called the bed, the medium-sized one is called the spoon, the smallest is called the poke. A pin is narrowed in the end wedge, and a spoon in the rib wedge. These two varieties are used for curly masonry. In addition to standard products, can be found on sale fireclay plates - their dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the firebox, which they need to cover. The most common bars of such dimensions are 460 × 230 × 75 millimeters, and there is also a dimension of 600 × 230 × 90 millimeters.

Due to the ability to accumulate heat well, fireclay bricks can be recommended not only for the construction of furnaces, but also for the entire structure of the furnace as a whole. This solution will be interesting in terms of decoration, because the straw-golden color of clay products will create a visual effect of warmth in the room. The many shapes and sizes that fireclay oven bricks have make it possible to lay out not only standard straight lines, but also vaulted, trapezoidal surfaces are also possible.